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太古宙/元古宙界线代表地球演化历史上的重大事件,如何准确标定和划分这一界线对认识早期演化历史具有重要意义。区域构造及同位素地质年代学研究表明,华北克拉通新太古代构造演化明显滞后于欧美澳等克拉通,成为有利于建立太古宙/元古宙界线的关键地区。山西五台山区保留了较完整的新太古代-古元古代地层记录。先前研究主要依据该区地层、区域构造、叠层石记录进行界线划分,并对界线争议较多。本文在五台山区长期野外研究的基础上,通过对磨拉石沉积、同构造花岗岩、裂解环境相关玄武岩的综合探讨,建议这一界线划分在东冶亚群与豆村亚群之间。初步的同位素年龄制约表明,这一界线的时代介于2549±22Ma到2450±10Ma之间,与早期大陆克拉通伸展裂解、隆升剥蚀相关,并涉及岩石圈、水圈、大气圈性质的重大变化。 相似文献
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吉林南部变质岩太古宙—元古宙分界时限的确定及过渡性构造演化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
吉林南部古老岩石测年数据偏新和太古宙与元古宙之间分界时限的混乱,本文运用Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时线法和锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ法将吉林南部变质岩系划分为４个年龄段：前阜平旋回（〉２６００Ｍａ）;阜平旋回第一幕（２６００￣２５００Ｍａ）;阜平旋回第二幕（２５００￣２４００Ｍａ）;阜平旋回第三幕（２４００￣２３５０Ｍａ）。阜平旋回第三幕归入太古宙并作为太古宙－元古宙之间分界时限,吉林南部古陆构造环境由活动趋向于稳定,新、老 相似文献
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关于中国元古宙地质年代划分几个问题的讨论 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文简略回顾了我国元古宙划分的进展和问题。在我国地质文献中,元古宙通常以2.5Ga、1．8Ga、1.0Ga．和0．57Ga为年代界线划分为早、中和晚元古代。本文建议以古、中和新元古代代替早、中和晚元古代的命名。古元古代介于2．5Ga至1．8Ga之间,可包含三个纪,内部年代界线置于2．3Ga和2．05Ga。文中未对三个纪的名称和代表性地层单元提出明确的建议。中元古代通常包含长城纪和蓟县纪,纪的界线置于1.4Ga,而该代的顶部时限置于1．0Ga。然而,中元古代内位于1．6Ga、1．4Ga和1．ZGa均有明确的地层界线,所以有可能进一步划分为四个纪。新元古代包含青白口纪和震旦纪,以0．8Ga作为它们的分界,但对于震旦纪的时限存在着明显的分歧,其底界年龄有置于0．9Ga、0．85Ga和O．8Ga等不同意见。有些地质学家建议震旦纪可再分为二个纪,亦有以冰碛层的底或顶为界的不同划分方法,因而内部界线分别置于0．7Ga或0．65Ga。本文作者倾向以国际上建议的0．545Ga代替我国现行使用的0．57Ga,作为震旦纪与寒武纪的年代界线。 相似文献
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华北克拉通存在3.8 Ga以上的形成演化历史,存在4.0~4.1 Ga锆石年龄记录.本文对华北克拉通太古宙变质基底构造热事件进行了综述,重点是事件时限.最古老变质锆石年龄记录为3.71~3.75 Ga和4.0 Ga,为北秦岭造山带西段古生代变质火山-沉积岩中的碎屑或外来锆石.古太古代（~3.3 Ga）构造热事件在鞍山地区广泛存在,导致条带状奥长花岗岩形成.新太古代早期-中太古代晚期变质锆石年龄可进一步划分为两期:2.65~2.85 Ga和~2.6 Ga.2.65~2.85 Ga变质锆石年龄记录存在于胶东、鲁西、鲁山地区.由于后期构造热事件影响,在很多情况下难以确定变质锆石的准确年龄,但>2.65 Ga构造热事件在华北克拉通无疑存在.与2.65~2.85 Ga构造热事件相比,~2.6 Ga构造热事件更为发育,除在鲁西地区广泛存在外,在胶东、鲁山等地也存在.可把2.6 Ga作为华北克拉通新太古代早期和晚期的年龄界线.华北克拉通最重要的太古宙构造热事件出现在新太古代晚期（2.49~2.53 Ga）.所有太古宙岩石分布区,都遭受了这一构造热事件影响.总体上,与华北克拉通南部地区相比,华北克拉通北部地区普遍记录了更高级别变质作用,可能与地壳剥蚀深度不同有关.华北克拉通太古宙变质作用强度和范围随时间演化不断增大,在新太古代晚期达到高潮.与太古宙大陆壳厚度和规模随时间演化不断增大的演化趋势一致.一些地区存在古元古代最早期（2.40~2.47 Ga）甚至更年轻的变质锆石年龄记录,并不意味着构造热事件的真实存在,而是古元古代晚期构造热事件强烈叠加改造的缘故. 相似文献
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《吉林地质》2015,(3)
辽东半岛较大面积出露太古宙变质深成岩和变质表壳岩,富含铁、铜、金等矿产资源。历经3.8 Ga始太古代最古老的奥长花岗岩就位,3.3~3.77 Ga古太古代多期变质深成杂岩就位和3 376~3 357 Ma表壳岩基性火山岩-陆源碎屑岩建造沉积,其后为中太古代2 962~3 142 Ma两期花岗杂岩侵位和3.0 Ga表壳岩陆源碎屑岩建造沉积,构成了太古宙早期古陆核,此时构造造演化特点主要以垂直增生为主,并出现原始古洋盆;进入新太古代,原始陆壳裂解为3个古陆块。即:建平—龙岗微古陆块、绥中—鞍山—本溪微古陆块、城子坦微古陆块。3个古陆块于新太古代末—古元古代早期(2 500~2 400 Ma)碰撞拼合,形成早期太古宙克拉通基底。 相似文献
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吉林省早前寒武纪地质研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
吉林省早前寒武纪地质包括太古宙花岗－绿岩带、早元古代集安群和中元古代老岭群。太古宙花岗－绿岩带,划分为早太古代和晚太古代花岗－绿岩带,二者在岩石组合、变质变形特片,岩石化学、地球化学等方面均有一定差别,为不同火山－沉积旋回产物,花岗质岩石属高铝型英云闪长岩－奥长花岗岩类;早元古代集安群,通过构造解析和变质变形的研究,从下至上重新划分为蚂蚁河组、荒岔沟组和大东岔组,为解决地层重复划分和金属找矿工作提 相似文献
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为准确识别太古宙与元古宙之间在岩石成分上的变化,必须对比相似岩性组合的岩石,以限制构造环境的影响。大多数绿岩组合(以火山岩为主的海相上壳岩)中的玄武岩和安山岩,具有与现代弧体系中对应部分类似的俯冲带的地球化学组分。有岛弧地球化学亲合性的玄武岩在太古宙绿岩中占支配地位,而有钙碱性亲合性的玄武岩在元古宙绿岩中最丰富。前寒武纪各年代中,具有 MORB 或大洋板块内地球化学特征的玄武岩稀少。与晚太古代绿岩玄武岩(2500-3500 Ma)相比,现存的早太古代绿岩玄武岩(≥3500Ma)反映较少亏损的地幔源。与所有太古宙地幔源相比,元古宙绿岩玄武岩是源于相对富集的地幔源,这一特征可能是因为随着晚太古代大陆迅速的生长,大陆沉积物进入地幔中产生再循环作用而造成的.前寒武纪安山岩在地球化学方面相似于现代岛弧安山岩,唯太古宙安山岩亏损 HREE 及 Y。此与太古宙安山岩形成于下降的镁铁质地壳的部分熔融(有角闪石/石榴石留在残余物中)是一致的,而元古宙(和更年青的)安山岩是由玄武岩的分离结晶所产生的。 相似文献
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分析了华北克拉通新太古代—三叠纪 16个碎屑沉积岩组合样品。与Taylor和McLennan等提出的太古宙—元古宙界线前后沉积岩及上地壳化学组成变化不同 ,新太古代五台群沉积岩具明显负Eu异常 ,相容元素含量很低 ,不相容元素含量较高 ,与典型后太古宙沉积物组成类似。而古元古代沉积岩比五台群显示出异常高的Eu/Eu 值 ,w(Sc) /w(Th) ,w(Cr) /w (Th)比值。青白口纪、寒武纪、石炭纪和二叠纪沉积岩显示正常的后太古宙沉积岩特征。三叠纪沉积岩的Eu/Eu 值 ,w (Sc) /w (Th) ,w(Cr) /w(Th)比值再次显著升高 ,推测与华北和扬子克拉通最终的陆陆碰撞作用有关。因此 ,太古宙—元古宙界线并不一致对应于上地壳演化程度迅速增高。大陆上地壳并非总是向着分异程度提高的方向演化 ,而是部分时期可出现演化程度降低的异常现象。 相似文献
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石牌河运动与“登封群”解体 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
<正> 作为《东秦岭有色金属和贵金属成矿规律》课题重要成果之一的“华北地台南缘的新发现(下元古界与太古界的不整合现象,石牌河运动/阜平运动)”报道在1986年5月16日的《中国地质报》上。同年6月13日该报第三版刊出付文宝的“对‘华北地台南缘新发现’的质疑”一文。现在课题研究已经完成,对该“质疑”作出回答,并将成果作一简要报道。 河南嵩山变质地体以其复杂的地质现象吸引众多地质学家。张伯声、张尔道、马杏垣等老一辈地质学家曾在此进行开创性研究,并将本区早前寒武变质地层分为上下两大套,上为下元古界嵩山群,下为太古界“登封群”,两者的分界线是嵩阳运动所造成的不整合。近年来,由于研究程度的加深,不同学者对“登封群”的性质、时代和地层细分等 相似文献
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Andrew A. Nyblade 《Lithos》1999,48(1-4):81-91
Studies of heat flow from Precambrian terrains have demonstrated three empirical relationships; a temporal relationship between heat flow and tectonic age, a spatial pattern between heat flow and the proximity of Archean cratons, and a temporal relationship between heat flow and the age of lithosphere stabilization. In the first relationship, heat flow is inversely related to tectonic age. The second pattern is characterized by low heat flow from Archean cratons and Proterozoic terrains adjacent to cratonic margins (pericratonic terrains), and higher heat flow from Proterozoic terrains that are more than a few hundred kilometers from a craton. In the third pattern, heat flow decreases as the age of stabilization of the lithosphere increases. A number of interpretations of Precambrian heat flow have been offered to explain one or more of these relationships. The simple cooling of a thermal boundary layer predicts essentially no change in heat flow in terrains older than 1.5 Ga, and therefore does not likely provide a comprehensive framework for the interpretation of Precambrian heat flow. By contrast, two other interpretations, (1) thicker lithosphere beneath Archean terrains than beneath Proterozoic terrains, and (2) greater heat production in Proterozoic crust than in Archean crust, when combined with the special structural configuration of sutures, can both contribute to the spatial and temporal heat flow distributions. Xenolith thermobarometry constraints on lithospheric temperatures, however, limit the contribution of age-dependent crustal heat production, and therefore at least part of the heat flow distributions derive from variations in lithosphere thickness. 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地乌审旗地区上古生界砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石的U-Pb测年和U、Th元素含量分析,结合邻区年龄数据和岩性特征,对鄂尔多斯盆地乌审旗地区上古生界山西组1段和下石盒子组8段砂岩进行了同位素定年物源示踪研究。研究揭示,盒8段和山1段源区母岩形成年龄属于太古代、古元古代、中元古代、晚古生代,分别与华北块体的形成、增生和克拉通化相关,是华北克拉通演化多阶段地质事件作用下的产物。沉积物源区主要为华北克拉通内部或盆地北缘,物源主要来自华北地台东部的早太古代基底古老变质岩系和新太古代的变质岩系、乌拉山和东部集宁地区的新太古代晚期的片麻状花岗岩、早元古代早期的古老的TTG片麻岩及麻粒岩和早元古代晚期的孔兹岩带,此外,阴山地块390～310 Ma岩浆岩也是重要物源之一。该项成果不仅查明了乌审旗地区上古生界山西组1段和下石盒子组8段碎屑锆石年龄与华北克拉通地质事件在时间上的对应关系,指明了年龄区间碎屑物质成分来源的归属性,而且对研究区可能存在的华北克拉通地质事件首次从岩性上提供了重要信息。 相似文献
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早前寒武纪洋壳的地质记录及其板块构造意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
元古宙蛇绿岩的不断发现表明威尔逊旋回至少在早元古代已经明显起作用，部分太古宙绿岩带由不同的构造单元拼合而成，并发育不同于显生宙蛇绿岩的大洋壳岩石组合，地幔柱在早太古代构造演化过程中起重要作用，是板块构造的重要补充机制，地球早期热产量较高，可能是造成板块规模较小，洋壳较厚，板块运动速度较快的原因，并以缓倾角俯冲为特征。 相似文献
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The Siberian lithosphere traverse: mantle terranes and the assembly of the Siberian Craton 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
W. L. Griffin C. G. Ryan F. V. Kaminsky Suzanne Y. O''Reilly L. M. Natapov T. T. Win P. D. Kinny I. P. Ilupin 《Tectonophysics》1999,310(1-4):1-35
The kimberlite fields scattered across the NE part of the Siberian Craton have been used to map the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM), as it existed during Devonian to Late Jurassic time, along a 1000-km traverse NE–SW across the Archean Magan and Anabar provinces and into the Proterozoic Olenek Province. 4100 garnets and 260 chromites from 65 kimberlites have been analysed by electron probe (major elements) and proton microprobe (trace elements). These data, and radiometric ages on the kimberlites, have been used to estimate the position of the local (paleo)geotherm and the thickness of the lithosphere, and to map the detailed distribution of specific rock types and mantle processes in space and time. A low geotherm, corresponding approximately to the 35 mW/m2 conductive model of Pollack and Chapman [Tectonophysics 38, 279–296, 1977], characterised the Devonian lithosphere beneath the Magan and Anabar crustal provinces. The Devonian geotherm beneath the northern part of the area was higher, rising to near a 40 mW/m2 conductive model. Areas intruded by Mesozoic kimberlites are generally characterised by this higher, but still ‘cratonic' geotherm. Lithosphere thickness at the time of kimberlite intrusion varied from ca. 190 to ca. 240 km beneath the Archean Magan and Anabar provinces, but was less (150–180 km) beneath the Proterozoic Olenek Province already in Devonian time. Thinner Devonian lithosphere (140 km) in parts of this area may be related to Riphean rifting. Near the northern end of the traverse, differences in geotherm, lithosphere thickness and composition between the Devonian Toluopka area and the nearby Mesozoic kimberlite fields suggest thinning of the lithosphere by ca. 50–60 km, related to Devonian rifting and Triassic magmatism. A major conclusion of this study is that the crustal terrane boundaries defined by geological mapping and geophysical data (extended from outcrops in the Anabar Shield) represent major lithospheric sutures, which continue through the upper mantle and juxtapose lithospheric domains that differ significantly in composition and rock-type distribution between 100 and 250 km depth. The presence of significant proportions of harzburgitic and depleted lherzolitic garnets beneath the Magan and Anabar provinces is concordant with their Archean surface geology. The lack of harzburgitic garnets, and the chemistry of the lherzolitic garnets, beneath most of the other fields are consistent with the Proterozoic surface rocks. Mantle sections for different terranes within the Archean portion of the craton show pronounced differences in bulk composition, rock-type distribution, metasomatic overprint and lithospheric thickness. These observations suggest that individual crustal terranes, of both Archean and Proterozoic age, had developed their own lithospheric roots, and that these differences were preserved during the Proterozoic assembly of the craton. Data from kimberlite fields near the main Archean–Proterozoic suture (the Billyakh Shear Zone) suggest that reworking and mixing of Archean and Proterozoic mantle was limited to a zone less than 100 km wide. 相似文献
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冀北单塔子群凤凰嘴杂岩的年代学研究 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
冀北地区基底的研究对理解华北克拉通早前寒武纪的演化具有重要意义。本文通过对冀北地区单塔子群凤凰嘴杂岩的锆石年代学工作探讨早前寒武纪华北克拉通北缘所经历的构造事件。单塔子群凤凰嘴杂岩主要由糜棱岩化的花岗质片麻岩和侵入其中的变质的基性岩墙组成。其中花岗质片麻岩的锆石呈明显的核边结构,岩浆核的谐和年龄为2.45Ga,变质边的年龄为1.95Ga。变质岩墙中的锆石未见明显的核边结构,阴极发光照片显示为变质锆石的特征,得到的年龄为1.9Ga。此年龄与花岗质片麻岩锆石的变质年龄相似,说明二者共同经历了古元古代的造山事件。此外,尽管没有得到岩墙的确切形成时代,但单塔子群内普遍发育的大规模岩墙说明在2.54～1.9Ga之间,该区经历了一次规模较大的伸展事件。 相似文献
17.
Mantle-derived carbonatites provide a unique window in the understanding of mantle characteristics and dynamics, as well as insight into the assembly and breakup of supercontinents. As a petrological indicator of extensional tectonic regimes, Archean/Proterozoic carbonatites provide important constraints on the timing of the breakup of ancient supercontinents. The majority of the carbonatites reported worldwide are Phanerozoic, in part because of the difficulty in recognizing Archean/Proterozoic carbonatites, which are characterized by strong foliation and recrystallization, and share broad petrologic similarities with metamorphosed sedimentary lithologies. Here, we report the recognition of a ~1.85 Ga carbonatite in Chaihulanzi area of Chifeng in north China based on systematic geological, petrological, geochemical, and baddeleyite U-Pb geochronological results. The carbonatite occurs as dikes or sills emplaced in Archean metasedimentary rocks and underwent intense deformation. Petrological and SEM/EDS results show that calcite and dolomite are the dominant carbonate minerals along with minor and varied amounts of Mg-rich mafic minerals, including forsterite (with Fo > 98), phlogopite, diopside, and an accessory amount of apatite, baddeleyite, spinel, monazite, and ilmenite. The relatively high silica content together with the non-arc and OIB-like trace element signatures of the carbonatite indicates a hot mantle plume as the likely magma source. The depleted Nd isotopic signatures suggest that plume upwelling might be triggered by the accumulation of recycled crust in the deep mantle. As a part of the global-scale Columbia supercontinent, the Proterozoic tectonic evolution of the North China Craton (NCC) provides important insights into the geodynamics governing amalgamation and fragmentation of the supercontinent. The Paleo-Mesoproterozoic boundary is the key point of tectonic transition from compressional to extensional settings in the NCC. The newly identified ~1.85 Ga carbonatite provides a direct link between the long-lasting supercontinental breakup and plume activity, which might be sourced from the “slab graveyard,” continental crustal slabs subducted into asthenosphere, beneath the supercontinent. The carbonatite provides a precise constraint of the initiation of the continental breakup at ~1.85 Ga. 相似文献
18.
Lake sediment and water geochemical data from a complex area of the Canadian shield in Labrador, Canada, display spatial variation patterns that can be linked to bedrock geology. Composite variables derived by R-mode factor analysis are effective in discriminating large-scale lithotectonic divisions, but single-element raw or residual data (corrected for effects of lake depth, Fe, Mn and LOI) provide better resolution of smaller-scale features and major tectonic boundaries.Archean high-grade gneiss regions are typified by high pH and Ni, coupled with depletion of U and F. This signature is developed most strongly over mafic igneous rocks, but is present also over Archean granitoid orthogneisses. Archean crust affected by Proterozoic structural and thermal reworking retains a high Ni signature, but is not depleted in U and F. An Early Proterozoic belt of felsic intrusive and extrusive rocks is defined by enrichment in F, U, Mo, Pb and Zn. Single-element variations suggest large-scale zonation of the belt, with the strongest enrichment over blocks interpreted to represent high crustal levels. Prominent geochemical boundaries coincide with major faults within this belt. High-grade metamorphic terranes comprising Early to Middle Proterozoic crust affected by the 1.0-Ga Grenville Orogeny show low geochemical relief, and are characterized by strong depletion in incompatible elements.In addition to reflecting the dominant rock types in each domain, some of these patterns may be related to the age, erosion level and orogenic history of the crust. For example, the Archean signature may reflect fundamental contrasts in the compositions of Archean and Proterozoic crust, suggested also by lithogeochemical and petrogenetic studies. Geochemical zonation over Early Proterozoic igneous rocks may be a function of crustal level, with the most differentiated granites, volcanic rocks and hydrothermal mineralization present in the uppermost levels of the belt. Depletion of incompatible elements over both Archean and Proterozoic high-grade metamorphic rocks may reflect expulsion of these elements by dehydration and anatexis. 相似文献
19.
Major element and Re–Os isotope analysis of single sulfide inclusions in diamonds from the 240 Ma Jwaneng kimberlite has revealed the presence of at least two generations of eclogitic diamonds at this locality, one Proterozoic (ca. 1.5 Ga) and the other late Archean (ca. 2.9 Ga). The former generation is considered to be the same as that of eclogitic garnet and clinopyroxene inclusion bearing diamonds from Jwaneng with a Sm–Nd isochron age of 1.54 Ga. The latter is coeval with the 2.89 Ga subduction-related generation of eclogitic sulfide inclusion bearing diamonds from Kimberley formed during amalgamation of the western and eastern Kaapvaal craton near the Colesberg magnetic lineament.
The Kimberley, Jwaneng, and Premier kimberlites are key localities for characterizing the relationship between episodic diamond genesis and Kaapvaal craton evolution. Kimberley has 3.2 Ga harzburgitic diamonds associated with creation of the western Kaapvaal cratonic nucleus, and 2.9 Ga eclogitic diamonds resulting from its accretion to the eastern Kaapvaal. Jwaneng has two main eclogitic diamond generations (2.9 and 1.5 Ga) reflecting both stabilization and subsequent modification of the craton. Premier has 1.9 Ga lherzolitic diamonds that postdate Bushveld–Molopo magmatism (but whose precursors have Archean Sm–Nd model ages), as well as 1.2 Ga eclogitic diamonds. Thus, Jwaneng provides the overlap between the dominantly Archean vs. Proterozoic diamond formation evident in the Kimberley and Premier diamond suites, respectively. In addition, the 1.5 Ga Jwaneng eclogitic diamond generation is represented by both sulfide and silicate inclusions, allowing for characterization of secular trends in diamond type and composition. Results for Jwaneng and Kimberley eclogitic sulfides indicate that Ni- and Os-rich end members are more common in Archean diamonds compared to Proterozoic diamonds. Similarly, published data for Kimberley and Premier peridotitic silicates show that Ca-rich (lherzolitic) end members are more likely to be found in Proterozoic diamonds than Archean diamonds. Thus, the available diamond distribution, composition, and age data support a multistage process to create, stabilize, and modify Archean craton keels on a billion-year time scale and global basis. 相似文献
20.
Claudia Sayo Valladares Nuno Machado Monica Heilbron Beatriz Paschoal Duarte Gilles Gauthier 《Gondwana Research》2008,13(4):516-526
207Pb/206Pb ages from 420 zircons from 9 upper amphibolite and granulite facies quartzites of the post-1.8 Ga metasedimentary cover from the Occidental and Oriental terranes from the Neoproterozoic central Ribeira belt, in eastern Brazil, are discussed. Ages from the Occidental terrane show that Proterozoic ages predominate with a modal class at 2.1–2.2 Ga and that Archean ages are less common and lie within the 2.5–3.6 Ga range. A wider dispersion on Proterozoic ages down to 1.1 Ga and youngest Neoproterozoic ages (550–700 Ma) were also observed and could be related to the Brasiliano/PanAfrican metamorphic events. The data show that detrital sediments of the Occidental terrane were derived predominantly from erosion of a 1.8–2.2 Ga Paleoproterozoic terrane with a small proportion of a 2.6–3.6 Ga Archean crust. Ages from the Oriental terrane are greatly dispersed, but show a significant proportion of ages between 1.7 and 2.1 Ga, although the great majority are between 0.5 and 1.6 Ga. Only 3 out of 144 grains yield Archean ages, between 2.5 and 2.9 Ga. Based on the greatest errors observed on the data from the Oriental Terrane (100–300 Ma), and a continuum of obtained ages between 2072 Ma (Paleoproterozoic) and 517 Ma (Cambrian), the more plausible interpretation is that the dispersion of ages results from partial resetting of the U–Pb system by Brasiliano metamorphism in Proterozoic–Archean zircons, although a Mesoproterozoic source could not be discarded. 相似文献