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1.
A new analytical approach for the analysis of stress around a post-tensioned anchor in rock with two perpendicular joint sets is presented. The solution considers nonlinear shear stresses developed along the anchor bond length as well as debonding at the tendon–grout interface. The bearing plate effects are also considered in the analyses. The following assumptions are made: (1) homogeneous and orthotropic elastic rock; (2) half-space rock mass with plane strain conditions; (3) trilinear bond-slip model for the behavior of the tendon–grout interface; (4) an elastic anchor. The employed methodology is to decompose the anchor problem into two problems of simpler loadings: stresses produced under a rigid bearing plate and stresses induced by interfacial shear stresses mobilized along the bond length. Based on the proposed solution, an illustrative example is given and the results show that a large compressive region is formed around the anchor free length. Tensile stress concentrations are also observed around the bond length and near the rock surface outside the bearing plate. A parametric study is also conducted to investigate the effects of joint properties on the induced stresses. The results show that as the number of joints intersecting the anchor axis increases, the magnitude of compressive stresses in the free zone decreases, while the size of compression zone around the anchor increases. To verify the results of the analytical approach, a comparison is made with numerical results obtained by using the finite element method. The analytical solutions compare very well with the results obtained by numerical method. 相似文献
2.
A challenging computational problem arises when a discrete structure (e.g. foundation) interacts with an unbounded medium (e.g. deep soil deposit), particularly if general loading conditions and non‐linear material behaviour is assumed. In this paper, a novel method for dealing with such a problem is formulated by combining conventional three‐dimensional finite‐elements with the recently developed scaled boundary finite‐element method. The scaled boundary finite‐element method is a semi‐analytical technique based on finite‐elements that obtains a symmetric stiffness matrix with respect to degrees of freedom on a discretized boundary. The method is particularly well suited to modelling unbounded domains as analytical solutions are found in a radial co‐ordinate direction, but, unlike the boundary‐element method, no complex fundamental solution is required. A technique for coupling the stiffness matrix of bounded three‐dimensional finite‐element domain with the stiffness matrix of the unbounded scaled boundary finite‐element domain, which uses a Fourier series to model the variation of displacement in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical co‐ordinate system, is described. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the new formulation is demonstrated through the linear elastic analysis of rigid circular and square footings. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
Since the attenulation of propagating waves through soil/rock is related to the localized material properties as well as the strain developed, the commonly used Rayleigh-type damping model and its variations are not suitable for dynamic finite element analysis of such materials. A linear viscoelastic material model based on the concept of the relaxation spectrum is manipualted in place of the damping model in this paper. The method proposed by Day and Minster11 to transform the convolutional form of the stress–strain relationship to a set of differential operators using the Pade approximant method is generalized to non-scalar waves and implemented for transient finite element analyses. A time-marching scheme is also proposed to incorporate the resultant differential operators into the governing equation of motion. The accuracy related to the Pade approximant method and the time-marching scheme is investigated by critically analysing some scalar wave propagation problems. The proposed technique is further verified using two one-dimensional stress wave propagation problems and a two-dimensional transient propagating wave through an unbounded linear viscoelastic medium. Some encouraging results have been obtained using the proposed technique and guidelines for using this technique are also presented. Comparisons of analytical solutions obtained by Fourier synthesis and numerical results have been provided. 相似文献
4.
基于AutoCAD和OpenGL有限元可视化建模,利用Fortran语言对模型文件中的单元信息进行改写,提出了一种在地下厂房有限元模型中生成沥青单元网格的方法,显著减少了模型单元数与节点数,提高了建模与计算效率。采用隐式杆单元法模拟涂沥青锚杆,隐式柱单元法模拟普通锚杆,推导了其刚度矩阵及有限元迭代计算公式,并应用于地下厂房岩锚梁锚杆涂沥青段的有限元分析中。结果表明,吊车梁附近围岩破坏区减少,围岩深部锚杆应力增大,说明围岩受力特性得以改善,围岩和吊车梁整体安全度增大,符合工程实践经验。所提出的计算和单元再分方法可操作性和实用性大,可为类似工程有限元分析提供参考。 相似文献
5.
宜兴抽水蓄能电站试验洞的反分析研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
结合江苏宜兴抽水蓄能电站地下厂房试验洞量测资料的分析,研究了成层各向异性岩体中洞室工程问题的反分析方法。采用分层均质模型进行反分析计算。计算区域的各层岩层均被分别视为均质各向同性体,初始地应力假设呈线性分布。有限元分析中,对倾斜成层的岩层、软弱夹层及断层节理等分别划分了单元,据以模拟成层岩体的各向异性特征。为使计算过程简化,对离洞室较远的岩层拟按地质资料对材料特性参数赋值,反分析计算的目标未知数为初始地应力和试验洞相邻围岩的弹性模量。结果表明,与工程实践符合较好。 相似文献
6.
针对断层对周围岩石地层影响的问题,本文提出了一种有限元算法计算模拟该断层对周围地层产生的应力场和位移场。首先,根据最大主应力、中间主应力和最小主应力来研究正断层、逆断层以及走滑断层的应力状态;其次,基于弹性力学相关理论研究应力—应变关系,采用线性四面体单元有限元分析方法进行算法实现;最后,在考虑到断层两侧岩体的物理性质(弹性模量和泊松比)、断层几何形态以及边界条件等情况下,应用有限元法模拟正断层、逆断层以及走滑断层在层状岩体中产生的应力场和位移场。以红透山铜矿区F8断层为例,通过地质勘探获得的资料判别该断层性质及其周围地层属性,使用本文构建的有限元算法模拟了该断层对周围地层产生的应力场和位移场。 相似文献
7.
隧道围岩弹塑性随机有限元分析及可靠度计算 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
在弹塑性有限元分析的初应力法基础上,推导了弹塑性随机有限元增量初应力法的计算迭代格式,结合可靠度理论,给出了围岩稳定的可靠度分析方法,在计算出可靠度的同时还给出了围岩和锚喷支护结构的应力特征值。并对一工程算例进行了详细的分析和讨论,得出了一些有益的结论。 相似文献
8.
This paper presents a coupling technique for integrating the element-free Galerkin method (EFGM) with the fractal finite element method (FFEM) to analyze unbounded problems in the half-space. FFEM is adopted to model the far field of an unbounded domain and EFGM is used in the near field. In the transition region interface elements are employed. The shape functions of interface elements which comprise both the element-free Galerkin and the finite element shape functions, satisfy the consistency condition thus ensuring convergence of the proposed coupled EFGM–FFEM. The proposed method combines the best features of EFGM and FFEM, in the sense that no structured mesh or special enriched basis functions are necessary. The numerical results show that the proposed method performs extremely well converging rapidly to the analytical solution. Also a parametric study is carried out to examine the effects of the integration order, the similarity ratio, the weight function, the scaling parameter and the number of transformation terms, on the quality of the numerical solutions. 相似文献
9.
In this work, we present a numerical procedure for determining the nature stress state in the rock mass around a tunnel. A finite element method is applied for analyzing the direct problems of tunneling during the back analysis of parameter estimation, in which a no‐tension elastic–plastic model is used to simulate the elastic–tensile and elastic–plastic‐tensile failure states which often occur in the cases of underground excavation in heavily jointed rock masses. By considering the natural stress state as random parameters of the tunneling system, the Kalman filter method is employed for feedback analysis to modify the parameter values in a statistical context, which uses the prior information in the process of estimation and employs a set of displacements obtained from field measurements. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method of inverse analysis, the developed numerical procedure is applied to a synthetic example of deep tunnels in yielding rock masses. The relative importance of the a priori and updating information is investigated, as is the importance of their uncertainty. The results show great potential of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
复合式衬砌结构中衬砌分担围岩压力的评价方法是隧道工程技术的重要研究课题之一。依托某新建铁路隧道工程,提出了一种基于监测位移反分析评价围岩和支护应力,进而计算初期支护和衬砌背后压力的方法。根据监测位移和衬砌施作时间,确定初期支护的已发生变形和剩余变形。通过有限元反分析求出与已发生变形和剩余变形相对应的围岩和支护应力,得到初期支护和衬砌背后压力。对比初期支护背后压力及衬砌背后压力的现场监测和反分析的计算结果,两者比较一致,说明了该方法的可行性。该新建隧道初期支护闭合95 d后施作衬砌,计算得到衬砌背后压力约0.04～0.06 MPa,衬砌分担围岩压力比例约13%～16%。研究成果对复合式衬砌结构的设计具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
11.
This paper presents a ‘Eulerian‐like’ finite element technique to simulate the large accumulated displacements of piles subjected to multiple hammer blows. For each hammer blow, results are obtained using a standard small strain finite element model and, at the end of each hammer blow, material flow is taken into account with reference to a fixed finite element mesh. Residual stresses calculated at the Gauss integration points of the deformed finite element mesh are mapped on to the fixed finite element mesh, and these stresses are used as initial stresses for the next hammer blow. At the end of each hammer blow, stiffness and mass matrices are recalculated for the volume of material remaining inside the fixed finite element mesh. Results obtained with and without allowing material to flow through the fixed mesh are compared for several hammer blows. Build up of residual stresses, soil flow and yielded points around the pile are presented for plugged, partially‐plugged and unplugged piles. Using the new finite element technique, the driving of a pile from the soil surface is studied. The ability to analyse this and other large deformation problems is the main advantage of the new finite element technique. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
A boundary integral equation approach is presented for the two-dimensional plane strain analysis of horizontally layered elastic systems resting on a rough and rigid base. The validity of Somigliana identity for unbounded layers is discussed and an Infinite Boundary Element is proposed in order to take into account the lateral unboundedness of the physical problem in the discretized equations. This element is implemented in a computer code based on a successive stiffness solution procedure. A series of numerical tests concerning single- and multi-layered problems is illustrated, and the performance of the proposed solution method is compared with that of more traditional boundary element and finite element techniques. 相似文献
13.
Yuzo Obara Tomoharu Nakayama Katsuhiko Sugawara Toshiro Aoki Hyun Kuk Jang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1992,16(10):701-716
A two-dimensional hybrid method for solving elastoplastic problems in engineering is presented by coupling two existing methods, namely, the boundary element method and the characteristics method. The formulation of this method is presented, as well as an excellent procedure for the determination of the boundary between elastic and plastic regions. It is shown not only that this method is a powerful and accurate method for evaluating the shape and extent of the plastic region around rock caverns, which is of prime importance for the construction of rock caverns, but also applicable to a given range of the initial stress field ratio where only compressive failure occurs. Then, some typical examples are solved in order to check the accuracy of the solution by this method. Furthermore, its successful applications are presented and discussed to determine the shape and the extent of the plastic regions around parallel, circular and rectangular openings. 相似文献
14.
The axisymmetric finite element technique is used in this paper to analyze the creep effects on pole foundation. Generalized Kelvin model and Bingham model are proposed to simulate the viscoelastic and viscoelastic behavior of soil respectively. Viscoelastic and viscoelastic strain incremental formulas are derived for interface elements and soil elements around piles and the axisymmetric elastic-viscoelastc-viscoplastic finite element program is compiled. Creep effects on the settlement of poles, the building load carried by raft and the distribution of stresses along piles are analyzed. In addition, the behavior of interface between pile and soil are investigated through experiment. 相似文献
15.
本文用轴对称有限元法分析了桩基的蠕变效应。用广义开尔文模型和宾汉姆模型来分别模拟土的粘弹和粘塑性状。推导了轴对称条件下桩土接触面及桩周土体的粘弹、粘塑性应变增量公式。在此基础上编制了轴对称弹-粘弹-粘塑性有限元程序,分析了桩基的沉降、承台的荷载分担作用,以及桩体的侧阻力分布等受蠕变的影响,比较系统地研究了桩基的蠕变效应。此外,还进行了桩土接触面的摩擦试验研究。 相似文献
16.
The construction of quasirectangular tunnels at shallow depths is becoming increasingly common in urban areas to efficiently utilize underground space and reduce the need for backfilling. To clarify the mechanical mechanism of the stresses and displacements around the tunnels, this study proposes analytical solutions that precisely account for quasirectangular tunnel shapes, the ground surface, the tunnel depth, and the ground's elastic/viscoelastic properties. The Schwarz alternating method combined with complex variable theory is employed to derive the elastic solution, and convergent and highly accurate solutions are obtained by superposing the solutions in the alternating iterations. Based on the solution and the extended corresponding principle for the viscoelastic problem, the time-dependent analytical solutions for the displacement are obtained for the ground assuming any viscoelastic model. The analytical solutions agree well with the finite element method (FEM) numerical results for models that are completely consistent, and qualitatively agree with field data. Furthermore, based on the stress solution combined with the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, the predicted initial plastic zone and propagation directions around the tunnels are qualitatively consistent with those determined by the limit analysis. A parametric study is performed to investigate the influences of the rectangular/quasirectangular tunnel shape, burial depth, and supporting pressure on the ground stresses and displacements. 相似文献
17.
C. S. Desai 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1978,2(3):283-301
The effects and simulation of driving of structures (piles) into saturated soil media are discussed, and procedures for numerical simulation of driving are proposed. Consolidation caused by changes in stresses and in pore water pressures in the soil mass due to the driving is solved by using a finite element procedure. The changes in stresses and pore water pressures due to driving are obtained on the basis of the cavity expansion approach, and are introduced in the finite element procedure as initial conditions. Stresses and deformations around a pile as consolidation proceeds are plotted and related to the quantities such as a wall friction, and point and total loads relevant to analysis and design. 相似文献
18.
The consistent transmitting boundary condition is a powerful numerical technique for frequency domain analysis of wave problems in unbounded elastic media. A second-order complex-valued eigen-problem is associated with this method and the computed eigenmodes are used to formulate the nodal forces acting on the lateral boundaries of a Cartesian computational domain. Usually, all eigenmodes are computed and used in the consistent transmitting boundary conditions to simulate the infinite extent of the elastic medium. In this paper, it is demonstrated that by selecting a reduced number of relevant eigenmodes it is possible to produce similar results and consequently reduce the overall computational cost. This is highly desirable for soil–structure interaction problems involving wide ranges of frequencies and large-size domains with many sub-layers. The efficiency of the proposed approach is investigated by considering, first, the case of foundation vibration over rigid bedrock and, second, the effectiveness of a wave barrier to reduce the transmitted vibrations caused by a surface harmonic loading. 相似文献
19.
This paper presents a non‐linear coupled finite element–boundary element approach for the prediction of free field vibrations due to vibratory and impact pile driving. Both the non‐linear constitutive behavior of the soil in the vicinity of the pile and the dynamic interaction between the pile and the soil are accounted for. A subdomain approach is used, defining a generalized structure consisting of the pile and a bounded region of soil around the pile, and an unbounded exterior linear soil domain. The soil around the pile may exhibit non‐linear constitutive behavior and is modelled with a time‐domain finite element method. The dynamic stiffness matrix of the exterior unbounded soil domain is calculated using a boundary element formulation in the frequency domain based on a limited number of modes defined on the interface between the generalized structure and the unbounded soil. The soil–structure interaction forces are evaluated as a convolution of the displacement history and the soil flexibility matrices, which are obtained by an inverse Fourier transformation from the frequency to the time domain. This results in a hybrid frequency–time domain formulation of the non‐linear dynamic soil–structure interaction problem, which is solved in the time domain using Newmark's time integration method; the interaction force time history is evaluated using the θ‐scheme in order to obtain stable solutions. The proposed hybrid formulation is validated for linear problems of vibratory and impact pile driving, showing very good agreement with the results obtained with a frequency‐domain solution. Linear predictions, however, overestimate the free field peak particle velocities as observed in reported field experiments during vibratory and impact pile driving at comparable levels of the transferred energy. This is mainly due to energy dissipation related to plastic deformations in the soil around the pile. Ground vibrations due to vibratory and impact pile driving are, therefore, also computed with a non‐linear model where the soil is modelled as an isotropic elastic, perfectly plastic solid, which yields according to the Drucker–Prager failure criterion. This results in lower predicted free field vibrations with respect to linear predictions, which are also in much better agreement with experimental results recorded during vibratory and impact pile driving. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
铁山隧道和大垭口隧道的平面弹塑性有限元分析 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
对巴彭公路铁山隧道和开万公路大垭口隧道的两个典型剖面的稳定性进行了平面弹塑性有限元计算,分析了围岩中的应力、变形、塑性区以及初期支护和二次衬砌结构的承载能力,得出了相应的认识：（1）在特定的埋深、岩体类别、支护结构及荷载释放比例的条件下,洞室周围有较强的应力集中现象,一定部位及范围内的围岩进入了塑性状态;（2）喷层、二次衬砌及锚杆均在弹性范围内工作,并且有较大的安全储备。 相似文献