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1.
假想台风下的波浪数值模拟是跨海桥隧工程风险评价的重要内容。风场的生成方法与不利路径的选择对于波浪模拟结果有极大影响。研究检验了在单一假想台风风场下进行波浪模拟的合理性,分析了台风路径对于工程区不同方向波浪影响的差异。通过构建珠江口台风浪数学模型,对采用风圈半径方法筛选出的104场台风路径,按300年一遇强度进行了蒙特卡罗模拟。结果表明,对西人工岛处波浪场有重大影响的不利台风路径处于珠江口100km范围内。由此确定了体现不同特征的7条不利台风路径,为进一步研究极端天气条件下珠江口台风浪过程提供基础。研究成果为沿海河口地区易受台风影响的大型工程波浪要素分析提供方法支撑。 相似文献
2.
近年来珠江口海域航道治理、桥梁工程、港口建设等大型水上工程建设项目越来越多,水工建筑物安全的重要性和对台风浪灾害破坏的敏感性是大型工程重点关注的要素之一,采用台风浪数学模型分析计算极端天气条件对港珠澳大桥岛桥结合部人工岛设计波浪要素的影响。分析统计1949—2014年影响广东省沿海地区的登陆台风资料,采用随机模型分析珠江口地区300年一遇的台风气压降和登陆最大风速参数;建立珠江口水域的台风浪数学模型;选取不利台风登陆路径,采用300年一遇台风参数组合计算极端天气条件下珠江口内东西人工岛的设计波浪要素,对原设计波要素进行复核。可为其他海洋工程项目设计提供新的思路和研究方法。 相似文献
3.
通过波浪水槽试验,研究了珊瑚礁地形上规则波的破碎特征,包括破碎类型、破碎波高、破碎位置以及破碎带宽度。试验在带礁缘的复合坡度断面下进行,测试了两种水位下系列波高和波周期相组合的工况。试验研究了波浪破碎类型的区分标准,评估了已有四类破碎指标在复合坡度珊瑚礁地形上的适用性,并给出了描述破碎位置和破碎带宽度的经验公式。结果表明:礁边水深深水波高比可较好地区分波浪的破碎类型;四类破碎指标关系式中以破碎波高深水波高比之于深水波陡的相关性为最优;深水波高和礁边水深是影响破碎位置和破碎带宽度的主要因素,随着深水波高礁边水深比的增大,量纲一破碎位置（破碎点与礁边的距离和礁边处浅水波长的比值）逐渐减小,量纲一破碎带宽度（破碎带宽度和礁边浅水波长的比值）逐渐增大。 相似文献
4.
波浪增水抬升了岸礁礁坪的平均水位,对岸礁后方陆域安全有重要影响。通过水槽试验,研究了不规则波况下岸礁礁坪的增水。试验组次为3种礁坪水深、4种有效波高和4种谱峰周期的组合。试验结果表明:①岸礁地形上的波浪要素需至少统计200个波才能达到稳定;②不规则波列在岸礁上破碎过程比规则波列复杂,同一波列中波高较大的波以卷破形式在礁前斜坡上破碎,波高较小的波以崩破形式在礁坪上破碎或者不破碎;③礁坪上最大增水值随入射波周期的增大而增大、随礁坪水深的增大而减小,并与入射波波高呈正比。结合试验数据,发现基于规则波试验得出的Gourlay礁坪增水公式,在使用有效波高和谱峰周期作为代表波要素时,公式能良好地预测不规则波在岸礁礁坪上的最大增水值。 相似文献
5.
针对带礁缘的复坡珊瑚礁地形,开展4组礁坪水位条件下、不同入射波高和波周期相组合的系列组次规则波试验,分析波高和增水的沿礁变化过程,研究深水波高、波周期和环境水位对破碎波高、破碎位置、礁坪增水和传递波高的影响规律,拟合给出试验地形下的参数化公式。研究表明:破碎波高和破碎位置随深水波高和波周期的增大而增大,受礁坪水位的影响相对较小;礁坪增水和传递波高受礁坪水位的影响较大,增水随水位的抬升而减小,传递波高随水位的抬升而增大;破碎波高和深水波高的比值与深水波陡相关;传递波高和深水波高的比值与礁坪水深深水波高比相关;量纲一破碎位置（破碎点至礁边的水平距离与礁边处浅水波长的比值）及量纲一礁坪增水（礁坪增水和深水波高的比值）均可通过礁边水深与深水波高比建立参数化公式。 相似文献
6.
波浪破碎是海岸工程所关注的关键水动力学问题之一,而波浪破碎的数值模拟技术的研究方兴未艾。高效的浅水方程基于静压假定,而通过引入动压项建立的完全非静压模型,可成功应用于色散水波的模拟。自由表面的捕捉采用的垂向坐标变换技术,较之VOF（Volume of Fluid）模型,计算效率较高。但垂向坐标变换不能模拟大曲率自由表面变形,即波浪破碎过程。对于破碎波的模拟,一种高效的模式分裂法应用至非静压模型,即在波浪破碎局部水域将模型分裂为静压模型和非静压模型,破碎波波峰附近退化至静压模型,并持续至波浪破碎结束再恢复为动压模型。通过典型算例,验证了模式分裂法的适用性及对于波浪破碎过程的模拟精度,鉴于模式分裂法对于波浪破碎过程的模拟未引入新的概化模型,计算效率较高,可应用于大尺度的海岸带波浪的变形、破碎及越浪的数值模拟。 相似文献
7.
《地球科学进展》2020,(1)
在双台风判定客观标准的基础上提出影响中国双台风的定义:在双台风活动期间,双台风中至少有一个台风对中国大陆或2个大岛——海南岛和台湾岛之一造成降水的双台风,称为影响中国双台风。然后利用台站逐日降水资料和台风最佳路径资料,采用热带气旋(TC)降水天气图客观识别法(OSAT)和上述定义,对1960—2017年的影响中国双台风进行研究。结果表明:1960—2017年影响中国双台风共有255对,年均4.4对,占西北太平洋双台风总数的60.6%。影响中国双台风年频数表现为显著下降趋势。影响中国双台风的影响期最长可达10天,主要集中在1天、2天和3天,分别占18.8%,29.4%和24.3%。在地理分布上,影响中国双台风主要分布在112°～138°E、12°～30°N范围,频发区在菲律宾北部附近洋面;受双台风影响的年均频次和年均降水均表现为由东南沿海向西北内陆阶梯递减,主要影响区为中国的台湾岛、东南沿海和华南沿海,其中台湾岛受影响最大。进一步分析发现,影响中国双台风影响期内出现单站最大日降水当日两TC平均位置主要表现为东—西向分布,西台风和东台风正好分别位于东亚夏季风的西南风水汽通道和副热带高压西南侧东南风暖湿气流中,不仅有利于西台风从西南风水汽通道中获得水汽,而且有利于东台风向西台风的水汽输送,从而有利于西台风对中国台湾岛、东南沿海和华南沿海造成的强降水。 相似文献
8.
建立了波浪、底部离岸流、泥沙运动和沙滩剖面演变耦合数学模型,模拟了实验室中波浪作用下沙坝剖面的形成过程,讨论了各个物理参数对剖面上的水动力和地形变化的影响。通过参数率定,较好地复演了不规则波作用下沙滩地形由均匀斜坡向沙坝剖面的演变,波高、底部离岸流、输沙率和剖面演变的计算结果与实测数据吻合良好。采用数值实验和误差分析方法,讨论了破碎波水滚倾角、泥沙扩散系数和床面休止角等物理参数对计算结果的影响。研究表明,所建立的模型能较好地描述波浪作用下沙坝剖面形成过程中的重要物理机制。 相似文献
9.
桂西南晚古生代深水相地层序列及沉积演化 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
右江盆地晚古生代沉积由浅水陆棚、地台边缘—斜坡、孤立碳酸盐岩台地和深水盆地4种主要的沉积类型组成,自北向南呈现由浅到深的规律性分布。深水区地层以含锰粘土岩、硅质岩、滑塌角砾灰岩和普遍发育玄武岩为重要特征,与盆地边缘差别显著。以斜坡相区生物地层控制良好的层序地层和重要事件为桥梁,建立了深水区地层序列、主要的海平面变化旋回及其与不同相区的年代地层对比关系。深水区岩浆活动可识别D1晚期—D2早期、D3晚期—C1早期、C2中期—P1早期以及P3—T1早期4个幕式活跃期;以洋岛型玄武岩(OIB)为主,滇—桂—越边境地区具洋岛—洋脊型(MORB)过渡特征。枕状玄武岩主要集中在C1早期、C2中期—P1早期和T1早期三个时段,其中C2—P1玄武岩厚度最大、分布最广。研究表明右江盆地是晚古生代发育于扬子与印支地块间的小洋盆,属东特提斯多岛洋的一部分。其沉积演化经历了浅水陆表海盆地(D1)、深水裂谷盆地(D2—D3)、扩张洋盆(C1—P2)、收缩洋盆(P3—T2早期)、残余盆地(T2晚期—T3早期)五个阶段。盆地西南缘可能属印支地块的北部边缘,而盆地北部属扬子地块的西南缘。 相似文献
10.
湖泊三角洲的地层模式和骨架砂体的特征 总被引：30，自引：4，他引：30
大型湖泊三角洲主要形成于淡水或微咸水湖的滨岸地带。湖泊三角洲的突出特征是以分流河道砂体为骨架,河口坝沉积不发育.笔者按地层特征将湖泊三角洲分为两种基本类型:一种是缺乏完整进积序列的薄的浅水台地型三角洲,另一种是进积序列较完整的巨厚的深水盆地型三角洲。前者发育在基底稳定.水深很浅的滨岸带,后者是三角洲推进到有巨厚泥质充填物的深盆地区的产物。在大型湖盆中,随着盆地的充填作用,三角洲体系可以在空间上从“浅水”型向“深水”型过渡,在时间上从“深水”型向“浅水”型连续地演变。 相似文献
11.
Information on reflected surface gravity waves from the shoreline is required for understanding the coastal hydrodynamics. We have quantified the reflected swells (frequency band 0.045–0.12 Hz) from the west and east coast of India based on the spectral wave data derived from the directional waverider buoys. Reflection coefficient, ratio of the reflected and incident spectral energy, was used to quantify the reflected waves. Influence of the seasons, cyclone, relative depth, land/sea breeze, tides and tidal current on the reflected waves were examined. For the locations off the west coast of India, seasons have large impact on the reflection coefficient and were relatively less during the monsoon season due to the increase in incident wave energy. Locations off the east coast of India show almost the same reflection coefficient throughout the year and have no significant seasonal variations. The reflection coefficient off Puducherry was higher than that for other locations due to the low incident wave energy. The reflection coefficient was low during the cyclone period, but the reflected energy during cyclone was higher than that during the normal condition due to the high incident wave energy. High-energy reflected waves show large variation with tide due to the trapping and dissipation of reflected wave by bottom friction and this effect cause low reflection in deep water location than shallow water location. The reflection coefficient decreases with increase in relative depth off west coast of India. 相似文献
12.
The data of rogue wave accidents reported in mass media during 2006–2010 years are collected and analysed. The collection
includes 106 events, which are classified by their validity as true (78) and possible (28) and by the location of their occurrence:
we distinguish deep, shallow and coastal rogue waves, which occurred in deep/shallow waters or at the coast. The validity
of the event has been estimated by the rogue wave height, which should be twice larger than the significant wave height (significant
wave height has been taken from satellite data), and/or by the associated hazard. It is shown that rogue waves cause especially
high damage in shallow waters and at the coast. 相似文献
13.
在进行地热资源勘察中,地球物理方法是很重要的,尤其是在城市中。以郑州市老鸦陈地热田为例,利用超长电磁波技术进行城市地热资源的勘察。首先根据已有的钻孔,建立地层和热储异常解释的标志曲线;其次,根据郑州的地质条件,布置10个测点;最后,根据标志曲线,对各测点的地层、断层和热储异常进行解释。勘察结果表明,郑州地热田主要由三种类型：西南浅部基岩中的地热水、基岩顶面以上地热水、深部基岩中的地热水。 相似文献
14.
C xxxV K Prasada Rao 《Journal of Earth System Science》1988,97(2):173-181
An evaluation of the spectral width parameter for wind-generated ocean waves is presented based on the analysis of wave data obtained through the ship-borne wave recorder fitted to RVGaveshani. The coverage of wave data includes deep as well as shallow waters on the east and west coasts of India. Considering that the spectral width parameter ?0 derived from Tucker's wave analysis provides a reasonably accurate estimate, a comparative study has been made for the other band-width definitions available in the literature. The results indicate some bias in the estimation of spectral width information using higher-order moments, e.g. ? S andv, and with the alteration of spectral forms that are usually associated with multiple- or single-peaked wave spectra. Such a bias is not seen in the case of Goda's peakedness parameterQ p with variation of spectral form. The effect of the ratio of the high-frequency cut-off to the spectral peak period on ? S ,v andQ p is also investigated. 相似文献
15.
Seasonal succession and composition of both attached and free-living bacterial communities were studied in subtropical estuarine and coastal waters with contrasting hydrographic conditions. A higher abundance of attached bacteria was recovered in the estuarine waters containing high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) resulting from the freshwater discharge in the adjacent Pearl River, and Proteobacteria, including ??-, ??-, and ??-groups, predominated the attached community at both stations. Free-living bacterial communities at both stations showed higher diversity and lower seasonality than their attached counterparts, and ??-Proteobacteria accounted for the highest proportion at both stations. Redundancy analysis (RDA) demonstrated that, in addition to the obvious temperature effects, DOC and microphytoplankton (>20???m Chl a) drive the temporal variation of attached bacteria at the estuarine and coastal stations, respectively. On the other hand, picophytoplankton (<2???m Chl a) and dissolved oxygen concentration explained most of the free-living bacterial community succession at the estuarine station, while those at the coastal station were associated with micro- and picoplankton (Chl a fractions of <2 and >20???m). These findings suggest that temperature and bottom?Cup effects play a more important role for the spatial?Ctemporal variations of both attached and free-living bacterial communities in the subtropical estuarine and coastal waters. 相似文献
16.
T. K. Mallik M. Samsuddin T. N. Prakash V. Vasudevan Terry Machado 《Environmental Geology》1987,10(2):105-110
The thickly populated coastal zone of Kerala, India is facing severe problems due to attack of high waves during the southwest
monsoon. Systematic beach profiling at 5-km intervals was carried out along the 560-km stretch of the Kerala coast during
the pre-and postmonsoon seasons in 1984. Beach volume changes were calculated at each profile station, and the erosional and
accretional trends for the entire coastal tract were demarcated in a map. Total erosion along 55 stations is 1276 m3/m. The general erosional and acceretional trends were also found to coincide with diverging and converging littoral currents
deduced from the wave refraction diagrams. Such study at periodic intervals will be highly useful for proper management of
the coastal zone. 相似文献
17.
18.
Sea surface manifestations of internal waves (IW) in the shallow continental shelf waters of North Bay of Bengal have been
observed in almost all seasons imaged by Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images of ERS1/2 and Envisat ASAR missions during
the period 1993–2004. Shoreward propagating short-period IW packets are observed particularly in summer stratified coastal
waters Off Chilka region. In summer waters, prominent short-period shoreward propagating internal waves of consecutive imageries
of ERS-1/2 SAR (12th and 13th April 1996) are studied. On 4th October 2003, Envisat ASAR imaged strong surface manifestations
of huge internal wave group wavelengths and those propagations were discussed in detail. In the research, we also made an
attempt for temporal distribution of IW signatures on SAR in North Bay of Bengal. 相似文献
19.
Coar Maxwell Sarreshtehdari Amir Garlock Maria Elhami Khorasani Negar 《Natural Hazards》2021,105(1):1-19
Typhoon Lionrock, also known as the national number 1610 in Japan, caused severe flooding in east Japan in August 28–31, 2016, leaving a death toll of 22. With a maximum sustained wind speed of ~?220 km/h from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center’s best track, Lionrock was classified as a category 4 hurricane in Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale and as a typhoon in Japan Meteorological Agency’s scale. Lionrock was among unique typhoons as it started its landfall from north of Japan. Here, we studied the characteristics of this typhoon through tide gauge data analysis, field surveys and numerical modeling. Tide gauge analysis showed that the surges generated by Lionrock were in the ranges of 15–55 cm with surge duration of 0.8–3.1 days. Our field surveys revealed that the damage to coastal communities/structures was moderate although it caused severe flooding inland. We measured a maximum coastal wave runup of 4.3 m in Iwaisaki. Such a runup was smaller than that generated by other category 4 typhoons hitting Japan in the past. Our numerical model was able to reproduce the storm surge generated by the 2016 Typhoon Lionrock. This validated numerical model can be used in the future for typhoon-hazard studies along the coast of northeastern Japan. Despite relatively small surge/wave runups in coastal areas, Lionrock’s death toll was more than that of some other category 4 typhoons. We attribute this to various primary (e.g., flooding, surges, waves, strong winds) and secondary (e.g., landslides, coastal erosions, debris flows, wind-blown debris) mechanisms and their combinations and interactions that contribute to damage/death during a typhoon event.
相似文献20.
Palaeogene passive margin sediments on the US mid‐Atlantic coastal plain provide valuable insight into facies interaction and distribution on mixed carbonate–siliciclastic shelves. This study utilizes well cuttings, outcrop, core, and seismic data to document temporal and spatial variations in admixed bryozoan‐rich skeletal carbonates and sandy siliciclastic units that were deposited on a humid passive margin located in the vicinity of a major marine transition zone. This zone was situated between north‐flowing, warm waters of the ancestral Gulf Stream (carbonate dominated settings) and south‐flowing, cold waters of the ancestral Labrador Current (siliciclastic dominated settings). Some degree of mixing of carbonates and siliciclastics occurs in all facies; however, siliciclastic‐prone sediments predominate in nearshore settings, while carbonate‐prone sediments are more common in more open marine settings of the inner shelf break and deep shelf. A distinctive dual‐break shelf depositional profile originated following a major Late Cretaceous to Palaeocene transgression that drowned the earlier shallow platform. This profile was characterized by prominent mid‐shelf break dividing the shallow shelf from the deep shelf and a major continental shelf/slope break. Incomplete filling of available accommodation space during successive buildup of the shallow shelf preserved the topographic break on this passive margin. Storm wave base also contributed to the preservation of the dual‐break shelf geometry by beveling shallow shelf sediments and transporting them onto and seaward of the mid‐shelf break. Sediment fines in deep shelf facies were produced in place, transported downdip from the shallow shelf by storm ebb currents and boundary currents, and reworked from adjacent areas of the deep shelf by strike‐parallel boundary currents. Regional climate and boundary currents controlled whether carbonate or siliciclastic material was deposited on the shelf, with warmer waters and more humid climates favouring carbonate deposition and cooler, more arid conditions favouring glaucony and siliciclastic dominated deposition. Continuous wave and current sweeping of the shallow shelf favoured deposition of mud‐lean facies across much of the shallow shelf. Skeletal components in much of the carbonate‐rich strata formed in warm, nutrient‐rich subtropical waters, as indicated by widespread occurrences of larger benthic foraminifera and molluscan assemblages. These indicators of warm water deposition within the bryozoan‐mollusk‐rich carbonate assemblage on this shelf provide an example of a warm water bryomol assemblage; such facies generally are associated with cooler water depositional settings. 相似文献