共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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堆石矮堰是常用的"生态友好型"河道整治建筑物。水流经过堆石矮堰会在其周围产生冲刷, 威胁其结构安全。为了提高堆石矮堰清水冲刷尺度的预测精度, 基于室内水槽试验研究了堆石矮堰清水冲刷的历时发展特性, 分析了水流强度、矮堰淹没度和矮堰透水性对冲刷尺度发展过程的影响。结果表明: 清水冲刷条件下, 堆石矮堰下游冲刷坑在试验初期发展迅速, 随后逐渐变缓; 在冲刷发展的任一时刻, 冲刷深度和冲刷长度随水流强度的增大而增加, 随矮堰淹没度的增大而减少, 矮堰透水性的增大使冲刷长度增加, 使冲刷深度减少; 随着冲刷的发展, 冲刷坑纵剖面形态逐渐收敛, 其面积与冲刷深度和冲刷长度的乘积线性正相关。基于理论分析和试验数据, 提出了堆石矮堰历时清水冲刷深度、长度、体积的计算公式, 可用于指导堆石矮堰冲刷设计。 相似文献
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在斜坡上桩柱引起的局部冲刷与平底条件下产生的冲刷存在差异。布置中值粒径为0.320 mm、坡度为1:16的斜坡沙床,开展规则波作用下桩柱周围的局部冲刷试验研究。试验主要考虑小Keulegan-Carpenter数（KC数）条件,探讨了波高、波周期和桩柱位置对局部冲刷的影响,并从最大冲刷深度和冲刷形态两个方面对比分析了斜坡与平底条件局部冲刷的异同。结果表明:斜坡上桩柱位置对局部冲刷有较大影响;在相同的KC数条件下,斜坡沙床上的最大冲深大于平底沙床;斜坡沙床的清水冲刷形态与平底沙床差异较大,而浑水冲刷形态相似。 相似文献
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钱塘江河口为强冲积性河口,在洪潮水流共同作用下河床冲淤剧烈,极端洪水条件下河床的冲刷深度是过江隧道工程的关键问题之一。基于河床演变分析、动床数值模拟和动床物理模型等研究手段,建立了钱塘江河口过江隧道河段洪水冲刷深度的预测模型,分别经钱塘江河口的典型实测地形、水流泥沙及河床冲淤等实测资料进行验证。在此基础上预测了某过江隧道河段在极端洪水作用下河床最大冲刷深度,三种研究方法所得的结果定性定量基本合理,且与后来地质详勘的沉积分析成果基本一致,进一步表明了预测模型的可靠性,预测的最大冲刷深度可为过江隧道的合理埋设提供科学依据。 相似文献
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为弥补当前描述城市地表灰尘径流冲刷过程的指数衰减模型偏于经验、物理力学机制认识不足的问题,考虑到地表灰尘的泥沙物质属性,基于泥沙科学、从泥沙运动力学角度研究地表灰尘的径流冲刷过程与模拟方法。通过比较发现,地表灰尘径流冲刷指数衰减模型与河道冲刷条件下输沙调整的滞后响应模型具有一定的相似性。基于上述比较结果,参考河道冲刷条件下输沙调整的滞后响应模型方程,针对地表径流汇流的延时效应及不平衡输沙特点,并考虑地表灰尘颗粒的非均匀性及分组冲刷过程,对地表灰尘径流冲刷指数衰减模型进行了改进,建立了地表灰尘的分组不平衡冲刷模型。结合广东东莞牛山工业园区地表灰尘径流冲刷过程的实测资料,对模型进行了应用比较。结果表明:相比指数衰减模型,分组不平衡冲刷模型模拟地表径流灰尘浓度值与实测值变化趋势更为符合,确定性系数与纳什效率系数由0.15与0.59升至0.73与0.70,模拟效果进一步提高。研究结果有助于促进地表灰尘径流冲刷过程模拟由经验分析向具有物理基础的模拟方法转变。 相似文献
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黄土边坡降雨侵蚀特征的物理模拟试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄土边坡的侵蚀破坏是引起黄土地区公路边坡自然灾害的主要诱因。通过建立室内边坡降雨冲刷物理模型, 进行黄土边坡侵蚀破坏的模拟试验, 再现边坡溅蚀、片蚀、沟蚀、坍塌的基本破坏过程, 并对坡面降雨冲刷的演变过程和侵蚀机理进行了细致的描述和分析。试验表明:在一定的降雨雨强下, 径流TSS(携砂能力)和单位面积侵蚀泥沙量随着试验坡度的增加逐渐增加, 而径流总量、侵蚀干泥沙量随着坡度的增加而相应变小。同时, 黄土边坡侵蚀冲刷过程中的主要侵蚀能力参数如坡面径流总量、汇流干泥沙量、侵蚀干泥沙量等与降雨雨强之间存在相应的关系。 相似文献
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Micromorphology of ice keel scour in pebbly sandy mud and fine‐grained sands: Scarborough Bluffs,Ontario, Canada 
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下载免费PDF全文 The keels of icebergs and ice‐pressure ridges plough through unconsolidated sea/lake sediments gouging out long grooves known as ice keel scour marks. Although the surface and (more recently) subsurface morphology of scours are well‐documented, little is known of the effect of grain size on the detectability, style and intensity of sub‐scour deformation. This investigation macroscopically and microscopically (two‐dimensional thin sections) examines suspected ice keel scour in: (i) glaciolacustrine pebbly sandy mud and (ii) fine‐grained sands at Scarborough Bluffs, Ontario, Canada. In this investigation, there is an almost identical suite of deformation structures (individual structures and overprinted structural patterns) to those identified in iceberg‐scoured clays from former Glacial Lake Agassiz (Manitoba, Canada); this confirms that deformation in the pebbly sandy mud and fine‐grained sands at Scarborough Bluffs is likely to be indicative of ice keel scour. Discrete differences in the detectability, style and intensity of deformation between the Scarborough Bluffs and Glacial Lake Agassiz sediments are probably a function of grain size in response to ice keel scour. This research provides additional information on the types of structures that are associated with sediment deformation by processes of ice keel scour in a variety of grain sizes. This information is particularly valuable to inform palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and offshore engineering in areas where ice keel scour occurs in a variety of grain sizes. It also demonstrates the potential value of micromorphology where, for example, the study of cores is necessary. 相似文献
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海上风力发电作为一种绿色能源越来越受到重视,单桩基础局部冲刷的研究受到广泛关注。建立了不同冲刷深度的海上风机系统模型,对各模型进行静力、动力分析。结果与前人冲刷模型试验吻合,随着桩基冲刷深度的增大,支撑系统的最大水平位移、最大水平应力和最大弯矩值逐渐增加。冲刷深度为两倍桩径时,最大水平位移、应力及弯矩分别比无冲刷条件下增加了3.61%、12.7%、10.3%。风机系统的自振频率随冲刷深度的增加而降低,高阶频率更易受影响。桩基冲刷对风机系统的动力特性有显著影响,塔顶水平位移时程曲线随冲刷深度不断上移。海上风机设计时必须考虑冲刷对支撑系统承载性能的影响。 相似文献
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孤立波在近岸地区会引起剧烈的泥沙运动,导致采用淹没式桩基础的近海建筑物周围发生局部冲刷,严重影响近海建筑物的稳定性。采用中值粒径为0.22 mm的均匀沙在波浪水槽中布置平底沙床,在两种不同桩径条件下,对孤立波作用下淹没桩周围的冲刷发展过程进行了记录分析,探讨入射波高及淹没率对局部冲刷的影响,并从冲刷形态方面对比分析了孤立波与单向水流、规则波作用下局部冲刷的异同。结果表明:在相同淹没率条件下,随着入射波高的增大,桩周冲刷形态由双喇叭型向瞬态型冲刷形态发展;在相同入射波高条件下,桩高与桩径比h_c/D位于1～7范围内,淹没率对桩前最大冲刷深度影响不大,而桩后最大冲刷深度随淹没率增大而减小,并给出了淹没因子K_s与淹没率的多项关系曲线;孤立波与单向流作用下的淹没桩周围地形变化相似,而与小周期规则波作用下的地形变化差异较大。对实测数据进行多元回归得到冲刷深度的综合计算公式,经验证该公式计算值与实测值最大误差不超过7%。 相似文献
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桩周土场受冲刷作用的变化是部分埋置单桩结构失效的主要原因之一。工程中土场多呈层状,此类场地中桩基的力学特性研究日益受到关注。为精确揭示冲刷作用对层状土场中部分埋置单桩动力响应的影响,基于改进Vlasov地基模型,利用Hamilton原理建立层状土场中横向受荷单桩的动力学模型。利用有限差分法求解受冲刷作用单桩的固有频率,实现对冲刷作用下土−结构相互作用系统的准确建模,进而用Green函数法求得单桩受迫振动的解析解。通过数值计算和参数分析,研究了层状土场的物理特性对受冲刷作用部分埋置单桩动力响应的影响。结果表明：基于改进Vlaosv地基模型建立的层状土场中部分埋置单桩动力学模型可精确预测冲刷作用对桩基动力学特性的影响。随冲刷程度加剧,层状土场中单桩的第一阶固有频率显著降低,改进Vlasov地基模型中各层土体的地基反力系数均减小,剪切系数则增大。当冲刷至非埋置段桩长 （ 为桩长）时,部分埋置单桩在动荷载作用下出现横向失稳现象。随底层土体厚度增加,各冲刷等级下单桩的第一阶固有频率均增大。如果第1层土的弹性模量增大了约0.43倍、1.14倍、1.86倍,则冲刷等级为0时单桩第一阶固有频率分别增大了约8.9%、19.5%、27.1%。 相似文献
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水流冲刷对桩基承载性状影响的数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用三维有限元耦合数值模型,对水流冲刷作用下桩基础从低承台向高承台的变化过程中承载性状变化的数值模拟方法进行探讨,得出一种较为理想的模拟方法,对于复合地基中的水流冲刷问题及类似桩-土相互作用中的开挖问题的数值模拟有一定的参考价值。结合工程实例,说明工程计算中简单按高承台计算来考虑水流冲刷作用对桩基承载性状的影响是不准确的。通过调整接触面单元和土体单元刚度,更全面地分析了不同条件下冲刷后桩基承载性状的变化规律,说明冲刷后土体有明显的回弹效应,工程计算中不能简单忽略。 相似文献
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水下大直径淹没圆柱在波流共同作用下的冲刷特性与非淹没情况有较大差别。在波流水槽中开展局部冲刷试验,将大直径淹没圆柱模型安装在中值粒径0.22 mm的平底沙床内,改变波浪波高和周期、水流流速和方向、圆柱淹没率,测量圆柱周围流速变化,记录柱周冲深发展历时,运用激光地形仪测量冲刷坑的地形形态,分析了淹没率Sr和相对高度hc/D对准平衡冲深的影响。结果表明,相同入射波流条件下,随相对柱高hc/D降低,冲刷发展速率、冲坑半径和深度都随之减小。当相对柱高hc/D>1时,冲深随柱高增长速率较快直至达到临界值。准平衡冲刷坑呈"倒勺状",沿圆柱左右两边呈对称分布,柱前呈半环状;圆柱正后方淤积成"马鞍状"沙丘。 相似文献
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Gregory H. Sambrook Smith Andrew P. Nicholas James L. Best Jonathan M. Bull Simon J. Dixon Steven Goodbred Maminul H. Sarker Mark E. Vardy 《Sedimentology》2019,66(2):391-407
Channel confluences are key nodes within large river networks, and yet surprisingly little is known about their spatial and temporal evolution. Moreover, because confluences are associated with vertical scour that typically extends to several times the mean channel depth, the deposits associated with such scours should have a high preservation potential within the rock record. Paradoxically, such scours are rarely observed, and their preservation and sedimentological interpretation are poorly understood. The present study details results from a physically‐based morphodynamic model that is applied to simulate the evolution and alluvial architecture of large river junctions. Boundary conditions within the model were defined to approximate the junction of the Ganges and Jamuna rivers, Bangladesh, with the model output being supplemented by geophysical datasets collected at this junction. The numerical simulations reveal several distinct styles of sedimentary fill that are related to the morphodynamic behaviour of bars, confluence scour downstream of braid bars, bend scour and major junction scour. Comparison with existing, largely qualitative, conceptual models reveals that none of these can be applied simply, although elements of each are evident in the deposits generated by the numerical simulation and observed in the geophysical data. The characteristics of the simulated scour deposits are found to vary according to the degree of reworking caused by channel migration, a factor not considered adequately in current conceptual models of confluence sedimentology. The alluvial architecture of major junction scours is thus characterized by the prevalence of erosion surfaces in conjunction with the thickest depositional sets. Confluence scour downstream of braid bar and bend scour sites may preserve some large individual sets, but these locations are typically characterized by lower average set thickness compared to major junction scour and by a lack of large‐scale erosional surfaces. Areas of deposition not related to any of the specific scour types highlighted above record the thinnest depositional sets. This variety in the alluvial architecture of scours may go some way towards explaining the paradox of ancient junction scours, that while abundant large scours are likely in the rock record, they have been reported rarely. The present results outline the likely range of confluence sedimentology and will serve as a new tool for recognizing and interpreting these deposits in the ancient fluvial record. 相似文献
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为准确预测和有效应对“揭河底”冲刷险情,通过大量挖掘相关水文站1950年以来的原始测验资料,结合概化模型试验,对“揭河底”冲刷期河道断面形态调整过程及洪水位变化情况进行了深入研究。结果表明,“揭河底”冲刷期河道形态调整具有明显的规律性。从过程看,一般可分为4个阶段,即“揭河底”前的一般冲刷阶段、河底高程基本不变阶段、胶泥块揭起河床快速下降阶段和“揭河底”后期持续冲刷阶段及回淤阶段。“揭河底”洪水与非“揭河底”洪水在水位表现上差别较大,非“揭河底”洪水水位流量关系曲线较为平缓,洪水前后水位变化过程呈明显的逆时针绳套;“揭河底”洪水水位流量关系曲线较为陡峭,水位变化过程呈明显的顺时针绳套,“揭河底”发生的瞬时,水位有一个明显的升高和快速下降过程。从流态看,水面紊动剧烈的地方位于发生“揭河底”位置的下游,这也是本次研究的一个重大发现。 相似文献
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Modelling flash flood propagation in urban areas using a two-dimensional numerical model 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This paper reports on the numerical modelling of flash flood propagation in urban areas after an excessive rainfall event or dam/dyke break wave. A two-dimensional (2-D) depth-averaged shallow-water model is used, with a refined grid of quadrilaterals and triangles for representing the urban area topography. The 2-D shallow-water equations are solved using the explicit second-order scheme that is adapted from MUSCL approach. Four applications are described to demonstrate the potential benefits and limits of 2-D modelling: (i) laboratory experimental dam-break wave in the presence of an isolated building; (ii) flash flood over a physical model of the urbanized Toce river valley in Italy; (iii) flash flood in October 1988 at the city of Nîmes (France) and (iv) dam-break flood in October 1982 at the town of Sumacárcel (Spain). Computed flow depths and velocities compare well with recorded data, although for the experimental study on dam-break wave some discrepancies are observed around buildings, where the flow is strongly 3-D in character. The numerical simulations show that the flow depths and flood wave celerity are significantly affected by the presence of buildings in comparison with the original floodplain. Further, this study confirms the importance of topography and roughness coefficient for flood propagation simulation. 相似文献