共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
白云石成因问题是地质学上长期悬而未决的难题之一.近年来,微生物诱导白云石沉淀逐渐成为白云石成因的重要理论之一,但其中微生物的作用机理远未探明.现生白云石主要分布于高盐环境,该环境中的优势菌群为嗜盐菌,包括嗜盐细菌和嗜盐古菌.因而此次选取三株嗜盐古菌Natrinema sp.J7-1、Natrinema sp.J7-3和Natrinema sp.LJ7,研究其诱导白云石沉淀的能力,并对比不同细胞浓度对白云石沉淀的影响,以期更深入地了解微生物在白云石形成中的作用.通过X射线衍射 (XRD) 检测沉淀物的物相,利用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 观察所得矿物形态,同时辅以能量色散谱分析 (EDS) 分析矿物的元素组成.实验结果表明三株嗜盐古菌皆可诱导球型、哑铃型、花椰菜型以及球形聚集体等白云石的形成,且在较高细胞浓度下诱导形成的矿物中白云石含量增多.分析表明细胞浓度的增加会导致细胞表面羧基含量的增加,从而为白云石的沉淀提供更多的成核位点,有利于Mg进入矿物晶格,从而诱导白云石沉淀,本结果进一步提高了对微生物白云石成因机理的认识. 相似文献
2.
“白云石（岩）问题”与湖相白云岩研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
近30年来,微生物白云石模式推动“白云石（岩）问题”前进了一大步,大量的实验和实例证明微生物（硫酸盐还原菌、产甲烷古菌、中度嗜盐有氧细菌等）的代谢活动对于促进白云石低温沉淀起了关键作用。微生物白云石特殊的微结构、微形貌和稳定同位素特征是其主要识别标志。然而,该模式在微生物成岩规模、诱导机制、是否存在纳米细菌化石以及现代微生物白云石成因模式能否用来解释古代白云石的成因等方面仍存在较大争议。我国古代湖相白云岩因其时空分布广、成因机制多样等特点可为“白云石问题”的研究提供良好的条件。 相似文献
3.
白云石（岩）问题一直是沉积学领域长期关注的研究主题之一。近年来,在研究含有白云石的现代自然环境和促进原生白云石的沉淀实验中,都加入了微生物因素,并取得了令世人关注的效果,这无疑为白云石（岩）的成因研究提供了新思路与新途径。在前人研究基础上,总结现有的观察资料和实验结果,将微生物促进白云石沉淀的机理模式归纳为厌氧模式和需氧模式2种,并分别介绍这两种模式中硫酸盐还原细菌、产甲烷菌和嗜盐好氧细菌促进白云石沉淀的机理;与微生物相关的矿物形态学特征中,球形和哑铃形白云石及白云石最初的成核阶段所形成的纳米球粒状结构具有一定代表意义,尤其是纳米球粒状结构可以作为生物矿物学上微生物白云石的标志性结构。通过这些特殊的形态特征来寻找微生物作用的证据,或可为古代相似成因白云石（岩）的成因研究提供一种标志。 相似文献
4.
5.
四川汉源-峨边地区上震旦统灯影组藻白云岩特征及成因研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
"藻白云岩"术语的提出已有五十年历史,震旦系藻白云岩以其巨大的厚度,精美的原生结构、构造,以及丰富的微生物化石和矿产资源而闻名,但至今其成因仍存在争议。以四川汉源-峨边地区上震旦统灯影组藻白云岩为研究对象,对其宏观的剖面、岩石学、原生构造特征,微观的白云石和微生物化石形态、原生结构特征,以及相应的地球化学特征进行了详细研究。结果表明:研究区灯影组藻白云岩为一套在潮坪和潟湖环境下形成的微生物（碳酸盐）岩的岩石类型组合,以藻黏结型的叠层状、纹层状、葡萄状和均一状（藻）白云岩为主要的次级类型;藻白云岩中主要发育原生的隐晶状微生物白云石和次生的纤维状拟晶白云石,其形成与蓝细菌、硫酸盐还原细菌、中度嗜盐好氧细菌和红藻等微生物的矿化作用密切相关:沉积-同生阶段,主要由微生物诱导矿化作用形成大量纳米似立方体粒状和（亚）微米级片状微生物白云石,同时共（伴）生纤维状文石和高镁方解石;同生-准同生阶段,主要由微生物影响矿化作用形成纳米球粒状和微米级不规则状、球状和卵状微生物白云石,同时纤维状文石和高镁方解石因微生物催化矿化作用和拟晶白云石化作用形成纤维状拟晶白云石;随后微生物白云石与拟晶白云石一起组成具纹层状、叠层状、均一状等构造的藻白云岩。对藻白云岩特征及成因的研究有助于理解微生物-矿物交互作用和过程的复杂性、多样性,也为前寒武纪微生物矿化作用、微生物白云石和拟晶白云石研究提供了新的实例。 相似文献
6.
白云石的成因机制一直是地球科学领域备受争论的议题.传统研究多认为白云石为次生成因.新近提出的"微生物(有机)白云石模式"认为该矿物在微生物或有机物作用下可以从溶液中直接沉淀,从而为白云石的成因研究提供了新思路.总结了该模式近20年来取得的重要进展,并指出尚待弥补的环节.微生物的催化机理主要表现为其代谢作用可提高胞外微环境中白云石的饱和度,同时其携带负电荷的细胞外壁可作为白云石晶体的成核位点.微生物成因白云石呈球状、哑铃状和花椰菜形等外貌.高盐度有利于微生物介导低温白云石沉淀,而硫酸根扮演的角色则仍需进一步验证.最新的研究表明微生物胞外聚合物有助于Mg~(2+)摆脱水合作用的束缚,是微生物催化白云石形成的关键.非微生物源的羧基化合物也可通过与胞外聚合物类似的途径在白云石饱和溶液中促进低温白云石形成.微生物(有机)成因白云石为原白云石,而非有序白云石.目前对微生物(有机)成因白云石在成岩改造中的演化过程仍然缺乏认识,是"微生物(有机)白云石模式"的缺失环节,亟待完善. 相似文献
7.
由于无机环境下不能沉淀白云石，该矿物的成因一直是学术争论的焦点。柴达木盆地西部钻孔SG-1（长938 m）中出现了大量白云石和铁白云石，白云石主要分布在钻孔下部500 m，而铁白云石主要分布在下部418 m。结合湖泊从淡水湖、咸水湖、盐湖至干盐湖的演化过程，文章分析了白云石和铁白云石的成因。白云石是盐类矿物的一种、且无机环境下不能沉淀，蒸发作用和微生物介导是白云石矿物形成的两个重要影响因素。蒸发作用为白云石的形成提供了足够浓度的Mg2+，微生物的介导作用帮助Mg2+克服动力学障碍进入碳酸钙晶格形成白云石。白云石是湖泊演化早期析出的一种碳酸盐类矿物，主要在咸水湖环境中沉淀，盐湖环境中主要沉淀硫酸盐类和氯化物矿物，在盐湖这种高盐度环境下能够生存的微生物非常少，白云石含量明显降低。铁白云石是白云石矿物的一种，是Fe2+替代白云石中的Mg2+形成的次生矿物。Fe2+有两种来源：粘土矿物转换过程中的释放和深部热液来源。Fe2+进入白云石的过程主要是在无机、高温环境下完成的，但不排除微生物的介导作用。 相似文献
8.
微生物-矿物的相互作用是地球上广泛发生的一种地质作用，它直接导致矿物的溶解和沉淀，并进而对环境产生重要的影响。微生物-矿物相互作用对环境修复具有重要意义，如金属还原细菌（DMRB）可通过与Fe^3 -氧化物矿物的相互作用催化氧化降解含芳香环的化合物如苯酸盐、苯、甲苯等，或催化还原降解（聚）硝基芳香化合物及四氯化碳等，还可通过表面吸附作用或氧化还原作用使一些重金属元素如U、Np等高毒性的污染物固着或形成不溶的矿物形式，从而有效去除其毒性。另外，微生物亦可催化氧化形成对环境有高度污染的酸性矿山废水（AMD）等，总之，深入研究微生物-矿物的相互作用对环境的影响具有重要意义。 相似文献
9.
白云石的成因机制是地球科学领域备受关注的研究热点之一.地质微生物学家提出的"微生物白云石模式"为解答原生白云石沉积问题提供了新思路.具备孕育原生白云石能力的潮坪和盐湖被认为是研究微生物活动与白云石成因关系的天然实验室.以内蒙古吉布胡郎图诺尔盐湖湖底白云石的发现为研究切入点,尝试评估厌氧微生物对白云石生成的贡献,并回答硫酸根对其催化效能的影响.室内模拟实验表明厌氧菌群及隶属于嗜碱菌属的菌株JN-1均具备催化白云石形成的能力.X-射线粉晶衍射(XRD)分析显示,微生物诱导的矿物产物为无序白云石.扫描电镜(SEM)结果揭示,微生物成因白云石的形貌随培养时间的延长从亚微米球状体转变为微米尺寸的椭球体和哑铃体.此外,模拟实验还证实硫酸根对微生物催化白云石的效能没有抑制作用.以上结果对我们正确认识硫酸根在白云石形成中的作用和促进白云石成因的深入研究具有重要理论意义. 相似文献
10.
新疆乌鲁木齐地区红雁池南剖面中二叠统芦草沟组主要发育浅湖至半深湖背景下的中、薄层深灰色白云岩、灰岩、粉砂岩与中、厚层灰黑色页岩、泥岩互层。白云岩主要由泥晶白云石、铁白云石及少量方解石、高镁方解石组成,富含有机质。白云石粒径约3～10 μm,阴极发光呈现均匀昏暗的砖红色。白云石主要有微球状（直径约5～8 μm）、微簇状（长度约2 μm）及他形（1～10 μm）等3种微形貌。微球状白云石具有显微纹层结构,似为生长纹层,放大至6万倍发现显微纹层是由无数纳米级颗粒构成。他形白云石放大至4万倍发现主要由大量直径约0.25 μm的球状微粒聚集粘结而成,具有微生物矿化的特征。将研究区白云石与现代典型微生物成因白云石相比,其显微形态特征非常相似。研究区白云岩δ13CPDB为1.8‰～13.8‰,δ18OPDB为-12.1‰～-4.1‰,偏高的δ13C可能是产甲烷菌活动引起有机质碳同位素分馏的结果。以上特征表明,芦草沟组具有特殊形貌白云石的沉淀很可能与厌氧微生物密切相关。 相似文献
11.
In the Tarim Basin, dolomite, which formed during the middle Cambrian associated with evaporites, has been attributed to the sabkha-style dolomite formed during the syndepositional period. The sedimentary microfacies suggests dolomite formation in the middle Cambrian is an ancient analogue of the sabkha of Abu Dhabi. Poorly crystallised dolomite spheroids or ovoids within or on the surface of dolomite crystals are a common phenomenon that can be widely observed in different stromatolites in the upper part of the intertidal zone and strongly resemble the morphology in modern sabkha dolomite-producing microbial mats and in microbial culture experiments. These lines of evidence suggest organic substrates for dolomite nucleation. Dolomite formation in the middle Cambrian in the Tarim Basin has been considered a classic analogue for carbonate and evaporate assemblages. The extent of microbial dolomite in ancient sabkha environments is proposed as an alternative model for dolomite formation, in which the mineral properties of organic substrates play a crucial role. 相似文献
12.
Dolomite formation within microbial mats in the coastal sabkha of Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
TOMASO R. R. BONTOGNALI CRISÓGONO VASCONCELOS ROLF J. WARTHMANN STEFANO M. BERNASCONI CHRISTOPHE DUPRAZ CHRISTIAN J. STROHMENGER JUDITH A. McKENZIE 《Sedimentology》2010,57(3):824-844
Microbial mediation is the only demonstrated mechanism to precipitate dolomite under Earth surface conditions. A link between microbial activity and dolomite formation in the sabkha of Abu Dhabi has, until now, not been evaluated, even though this environment is cited frequently as the type analogue for many ancient evaporitic sequences. Such an evaluation is the purpose of this study, which is based on a geochemical and petrographic investigation of three sites located on the coastal sabkha of Abu Dhabi, along a transect from the intertidal to the supratidal zone. This investigation revealed a close association between microbial mats and dolomite, suggesting that microbes are involved in the mineralization process. Observations using scanning electron microscopy equipped with a cryotransfer system indicate that authigenic dolomite precipitates within the exopolymeric substances constituting the microbial mats. In current models, microbial dolomite precipitation is linked to an active microbial activity that sustains high pH and alkalinity and decreased sulphate concentrations in pore waters. Such models can be applied to the sabkha environment to explain dolomite formation within microbial mats present at the surface of the intertidal zone. By contrast, these models cannot be applied to the supratidal zone, where abundant dolomite is present within buried mats that no longer show signs of intensive microbial activity. As no abiotic mechanism is known to form dolomite at Earth surface conditions, two different hypotheses can reconcile this result. In a first scenario, all of the dolomite present in the supratidal zone formed in the past, when the mats were active at the surface. In a second scenario, dolomite formation continues within the buried and inactive mats. In order to explain dolomite formation in the absence of active microbial metabolisms, a revised microbial model is proposed in which the mineral‐template properties of exopolymeric substances play a crucial role. 相似文献
13.
微生物白云石模式评述 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
Vasconcelos等在实验室模拟巴西Lagoa Vermelha潟湖条件,成功地沉淀出白云石,由此提出了微生物白云石模式。该模式在南澳大利亚、阿拉伯海湾、西印度外陆棚边缘以及意大利南部等地区得到了不同研究者的肯定,我国鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组五段白云岩也可以解释为微生物成因。此模式对白云石形成机理的研究具有突破性的意义。当硫酸盐还原细菌利用SO42-时,也吸收了Mg2+,因为Mg2+与SO42-形成了很强的离子对。微生物由于其新陈代谢作用利用SO42-而克服了动力障碍,同时从离子对中释放出Mg2+。在白云石形成的化学反应中,微生物因素把硫酸根离子从反应的抑制剂变成了催化剂。白云石一旦成核,就会在埋藏过程中长大。尽管不是所有的白云石都可以用微生物白云石模式来解释,但野外研究和模拟实验都证明这一模式是有说服力和生命力的。 相似文献
14.
“白云石问题”无疑是地质学上最有趣最长久的难题之一。作为一种常见的碳酸盐矿物,白云石在地质历史时期大量 发育,却在现代海洋沉积环境中鲜少沉积,并且在实验室模拟海水条件下也几乎无法低温合成。白云石[CaMg(CO3)2]不同于 Ca2+、Mg2+无序的高镁方解石,具有阳离子有序超结构,空间群为R-3,在地表条件下为热力学稳定相。尽管人们尝试模拟 自然界中白云石存在的物理化学条件,但却几乎没有从实验中成功合成有序白云石。在已有的实验室研究中,有序白云石 仅能通过高温水热实验形成。这说明白云石的形成极可能是一个动力学控制过程。而近些年被人们广泛接受的白云石微生 物成因模式认为微生物活动是低温白云石形成的关键,相关的微生物矿化实验也证实微生物的存在能够促进高镁方解石的 形成。对白云石问题的探讨不仅对理解白云岩成因具有重要意义,还能够促进矿物学理论研究发展。此次研究从高温合成 实验、低温合成实验、微生物协同沉淀实验等方面综述了有关白云石问题的实验室研究进展,阐明了目前对于白云石问题 认识的局限,有助于更好的理解“白云石问题”和其中所包含的矿物学和物理化学问题,乃至于帮助寻找到它的答案。 相似文献
15.
Characterization of the Microbial Dolomite of the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation in the Hanyuan Area of Sichuan Province, China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The algal dolostone of the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation (corresponding to the Ediacaran system) in the Upper Yangtze Platform of China possesses a rich diversity of microorganisms and is an ideal site for the study of ancient microbial dolomite. We focused on algal dolostone and its microbial dolomite in the Hanyuan area of Sichuan Province, China. The macroscopic petrological features, microscopic morphology, texture characteristics of the fossil microorganisms and microbial dolomite, and geochemical characteristics were investigated. We found rich fossil microorganisms and microbial dolomites in the laminated, stromatolithic, uniform and clotted (algal) dolostones. The microorganisms present were mainly body fossils of cyanobacteria (including Renalcis, Girvanella, Nanococcus, and Epiphyton) and their trace fossils (including microbial mats (biofilms), algal traces, and spots). In addition, there was evidence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), moderately halophilic aerobic bacteria, and red algae. The microbial dolomites presented cryptocrystalline textures under polarizing microscope and nanometer-sized granular (including spherulitic and pene-cubical granular) and (sub) micron-sized sheet-like, irregular, spherical and ovoidal morphologies under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The microbial dolomites were formed by microbially induced mineralization in the intertidal zone and lagoon environments during the depositional and syngenetic stages and microbially influenced mineralization in the supratidal zone environment during the penecontemporaneous stage. The microbial metabolic activities and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) determined the morphology and element composition of microbial dolomite. During the depositional and syngenetic stages, the metabolic activities of cyanobacteria and SRB were active and EPS, biofilms and microbial mats were well-developed. EPS provided a large number of nucleation sites. Accordingly, many nanometer-sized pene-cubical granular and (sub) micron-sized sheet-like microbial dolomites were formed. During the penecontemporaneous stage, SBR, cyanobacteria, and moderately halophilic aerobic bacteria were inactive. Furthermore, nucleation sites reduced significantly and were derived from both the EPS of surviving microorganisms and un-hydrolyzed EPS from dead microorganisms. Consequently the microbial dolomites present nanometer-sized spherulitic and micron-sized irregular, spherical, and ovoidal morphologies. Overall, the microbial dolomites evolved from nanometer-sized granular (including spherulitic and pene-cubical granular) dolomites to (sub) micron-sized sheet-like, irregular, spherical and ovoidal dolomites, and then to macroscopic laminated, stromatolithic, uniform, and clotted dolostones. These findings reveal the correlation between morphological evolution of microbial dolomite and microbial activities showing the complexity and diversity of mineral (dolomite)-microbe interactions, and providing new insight into microbial biomineralization and microbial dolomite in the Precambrian era. 相似文献
16.
V. Purnachandra Rao Pratima M. Kessarkar W. E. Krumbein† K. P. Krajewski‡ Robert J. Schneider§ 《Sedimentology》2003,50(5):819-830
Abstract The occurrence of Late Pleistocene dolomite crusts that occur at 64 m depth on the carbonate platform off western India is documented. Dolomite is the most predominant mineral in the crusts. In thin section, the crust consists of dolomitized microlaminae interspersed with detrital particles. Under scanning electron microscopy, these laminae are made up of tubular filaments or cellular structures of probable cyanobacterial origin. Dolomite crystals encrust or overgrow the surfaces of the microbial filaments and/or cells; progressive mineralization obliterates their morphology. Well-preserved microbial mats, sulphide minerals (pyrrhotite and marcasite) and the stable isotope composition of dolomite in the crusts indicate hypersaline and anoxic conditions during dolomite formation. The crusts are similar to dolomite stromatolites, and biogeochemical processes related to decaying microbial mats under anoxic conditions probably played an important role in dolomite precipitation. The dolomite is therefore primary and/or very early diagenetic in origin. The dolomite crusts are interpreted to be a composite of microbial dolomite overprinted by early burial organic dolomite. The results of this study suggest that a microbial model for dolomite formation may be relevant for the origin of ancient massive dolomites in marine successions characterized by cryptalgal laminites. The age of the crusts further suggests that the platform was situated at shallow subtidal depths during the Last Glacial Maximum. 相似文献
17.
Dolomite Mountains and the origin of the dolomite rock of which they mainly consist: historical developments and new perspectives 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Beginning in the late 18th Century, the Dolomite Mountains in Northern Italy have been the location for major sedimentological developments, from the discovery of the mineral dolomite to the formulation of the coral-reef hypothesis to explain the origin of the massive dolomite structures that define the splendid scenery of the region. Further, the Dolomite Mountains have inspired voluminous research into the origin of dolomite, questioning whether dolomite is a primary precipitate or a secondary replacement product. Recently, with the recognition that microbes can mediate dolomite precipitation, a new geomicrobiological approach, combining the study of modern natural environments with bacterial culture experiments, is now being used to calibrate or interpret microbial evidence derived from the dolomite rock record. This three-pronged methodology applied to the study of dolomite formation holds great promise for future research into the 'Dolomite Problem' and provides a new impetus to revisit the Dolomite Mountains in the 21st Century. 相似文献
18.
Dolomite in caves: Recent dolomite formation in oxic, non-sulfate environments. Castañar Cave, Spain
Dolomite is a common mineral in the rock record but rare in recent superficial environments. Where it does occur, it is related to anoxic, sulfate-rich environments and microbial activity. The occurrence of some dolomite deposits in caves, however, indicates that dolomite formation is also possible in oxic, non-sulfate settings. Dolomite is forming at 17 °C and in oxic-vadose conditions on the host rocks and aragonite speleothems of the Castañar Cave, Cáceres, Spain. It appears as spheroids and dumbbells 50–300 μm in diameter that internally consist of micron-sized rhombic to rounded crystals. Initially this dolomite is Ca-rich, non-stoichiometric and poorly ordered. Mg-rich solutions allow the precipitation of metastable Mg-rich carbonates, such as huntite. This soon transforms into this Ca-rich dolomite, which later “ages” to form a more stoichiometric dolomite. These dolomites show similarities to those grown under anoxic, sulfate-rich conditions and their presence in caves provides a different setting that may contribute to the understanding of the “dolomite problem”, including their initial formation and later recrystallization processes. 相似文献