共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 261 毫秒
1.
松辽盆地新立-新北地区嫩江组三段浅水三角洲水下分流河道砂体半定量解剖 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用松辽盆地新立-新北地区井间距约200 m的1800余口探井及开发井资料,在岩性观察和测井相识别的基础上,编制嫩江组三段I砂组砂岩等厚图和连井剖面图。对砂体进行半定量统计分析发现,目的层段为浅水三角洲前缘沉积,水下分流河道砂体是最主要的骨架砂体类型,在平面上延伸20 km以上,向三角洲前缘末端演化出3种类型:水下曲流河道砂体,呈长豆荚状,宽600~900 m,延伸8~10 km分叉;水下分汊河道砂体,呈短豆荚状,分叉呈“人”字形或菱形,宽500~900 m,延伸2~3 km分叉;水下网结河道砂体,分叉呈网状展布,宽300~500 m,直线延伸0.5~1 km分叉。 相似文献
2.
文章基于天津滨海新区54个典型地质钻孔和860余个工程地质钻孔资料的分析,通过钻孔联合剖面和砂体厚度统计,研究了滨海新区全新世古河道分布和演化的特征。结果表明,在全新世时期发育3期古河道,陆相古河道为曲流河河道带,海相古河道为三角洲水下分支河道及分支河口砂坝。其中,全新世中期又分为3个亚期,与渤海湾西岸全新世时期海进和海退作用过程密切相关;埋深25 m内的浅埋古河道分为蓟运河、海河和古黄河三个系统,古河道的形成明显受海平面变化和气候变化的影响。 相似文献
3.
黄河古河道的分布及其年代学框架的建立对于探讨黄河迁移规律、重建古气候演化历史具有重要意义。通过Landsat8遥感影像解译、1∶5万野外地质地貌调查、钻孔资料分析,结合剖面实测基本判定了色尔腾山以南至现代黄河以北河套平原区黄河埋藏古河道的分布,,采用OSL与14C测年较精确地确定了黄河古河道的年代。依据年代学研究结果,将全新世黄河古河道划分为三期:Ⅰ期古河道,分南北两支,南支分布在复兴镇西北部,埋深2~6 m,北支分布于呼勒斯太中南部,埋深8.2~9 m,时代为9.93~7.4 ka B.P.;Ⅱ期古河道,河道主体分布在色尔腾山山前,呈北西─南东向,埋藏于现今乌加河古河道下部4~11m处,南北最宽处约1.5km。塔尔湖区存在同一期的古河道,埋深7~9 m,以东西向展布为主,时代为7.4~4.1 ka B.P.;Ⅲ期古河道,呼勒斯太中部、塔尔湖中南部及复兴南部都曾发育,但河道主体为塔尔湖区的古河道,埋深2~9 m,时代为4.1~1.2 ka B.P.。黄河古河道分布及时代确定有助于更深入地研究黄河在河套段演化历史,为河套地区的水利建设和农业生产提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
4.
河流沉积砂体定量表征是油田高效勘探开发的重要基础。文章综合利用定量岩心分析、测井相分析、定量地震沉积学和三维地震剖面识别方法,对霸县凹陷文安斜坡东营组古河道砂体厚度,河道（带）宽度,（满岸）河道水深等河流参数进行了定量化计算。研究表明,文安斜坡东营组发育北部苏桥、中部文安和南部长丰镇三个物源输入口,河流呈NEE-SWW向分散于文安斜坡带,其中河道带宽度（w）为1.04~2.61 km,平均宽度（wcb）为1.71 km;主河道宽度（W）为15.2~179.6 m,平均宽度（Wc）为84.4 m;主河道沉积水深（D）为1.34~5.21 m,平均水深（Dc）为3.29 m;主河道满岸水深（Dmax）为2.35~9.15 m,平均满岸水深（Dmaxa）为5.77 m;主河道沉积厚度（H）为2.15~8.32 m,平均厚度（Hc）为5.25 m,河道长度（L）为18.5~28.2 km,平均河道带长度（Lcb）为25.1 km,流向（A）为40°~65°。确定文安斜坡东营组发育辫状河沉积,斜坡东侧中外带为主要的砂岩卸载区,河流以垂向挖掘性河流为主,侧向迁移为辅,河道砂岩平面呈“条—带”状。文安斜坡西侧内带以侧向迁移河流为主,下蚀作用为辅,河道砂岩呈“席—带”状。东营组河道砂岩具有“下生上储”的有利成藏条件,具有良好的岩性、构造—岩性圈闭（油气藏）勘探前景。 相似文献
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7.
雄安新区地上地下工程建设适宜性一体化评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为支撑雄安新区总体规划编制,2017年6月至8月,中国地质调查局在雄安新区组织实施了大规模工程地质勘察工作。以典型示范区为例,探索了地上地下工程建设适宜性一体化评价方法,并利用该方法对雄安新区全区进行了评价。结果显示:雄安新区建设场地稳定性较好,稳定场地和基本稳定场地占89.5%;雄安新区工程建设适宜性好,全区均适宜或较适宜工程建设,平均深度15~20 m、35~45 m、55~70 m的3段地层土体承载力普遍较高,可优先作为多层、高层、超高层建筑物复合地基或桩基的桩端持力层;雄安新区起步区地下空间开发利用条件优越,建议将70 m以浅地下空间分3层进行规模化开发利用,充分开发利用30 m以浅的浅层地下空间,适度开发利用30~50 m次深层地下空间,超前规划利用50~70 m深层地下空间;建议加强地下空间开发与浅层地热能开发利用的统筹协调。局部存在地面沉降、地裂缝、砂土液化、软弱土等不良工程地质问题,在控制性详细规划和岩土工程勘察中应加以重视。 相似文献
8.
遥感技术为岩性识别提供了新的视角和重要途径。川藏铁路康玉隧道地处藏东南横断山怒江峡谷拥巴地区,全长20.235 km,最大埋深1314m。针对该区地形起伏大,环境恶劣,人员难以到达,基础地质资料薄弱的现状,综合运用高分辨率、多光谱和高光谱遥感数据进行地层岩性的综合解译。在高分辨率遥感影像目视解译的基础上,运用波谱角度匹配(SAM)、最小噪声分离变换(MNF)、典型波段组合等有效提取岩性信息的多光谱、高光谱遥感数据综合处理方案,并结合GF-5号高光谱数据丰富的波段信息,进行遥感信息的有效增强、提取及自动分类。在详细野外验证的基础上,新识别并划分出一套北西向展布的中侏罗统桑卡拉佣组(J2s)碳酸盐岩地层,细化了古近系宗白群(E2z)等多个地层单位边界,修订原地层界线10余处,并形成了适合高原地貌起伏区快速识别及有效获取岩性、地层界线的遥感解译技术方案。该研究可为铁路规划、选线和设计提供重要的基础资料,同时亦有助于遥感岩性解译工作的推广应用。 相似文献
9.
《现代地质》2016,(2)
滹沱河平原段从20世纪70年代中期开始,河道常年干涸断流,两岸土地沙化,河流生态系统遭到严重破坏。开展滹沱河浅埋古河道研究,对于研究区水文生态环境的可持续发展具有重要意义。在高密度取样和详细测年数据的基础上,应用沉积物粒度频率分布曲线和概率累积曲线分析方法,结合剖面岩性特征,对滹沱河古河道剖面(GCA)进行沉积相分析,讨论了研究区3万年以来的沉积环境变化过程。结果表明:GCA剖面地层由两个沉积阶段组成,以1 060cm为界;下段为29.4~26.9 ka B.P.(1 240~1 060 cm)期间,研究区以浅湖沼相沉积环境为主,后期转变为河漫滩相沉积环境,水动力条件弱;上段为26.9 ka B.P.至今(1 060~0 cm),发育了河床-心滩相沉积组合,共同构成一个较完整的辫状河道沉积序列,水动力条件强且变化大。 相似文献
10.
研究伊犁盆地南缘洪海沟地区主力含铀层系--中侏罗统西山窑组上段的沉积特征,为该区下一步铀矿地质勘查提供理论依据。根据沉积结构、岩性组合、沉积韵律、沉积构造、测井曲线等特征,认为西山窑组上段在洪海沟地区主要发育曲流河沉积。根据连井剖面特征,以及砂体厚度、砂地比等沉积特征在平面上的变化,洪海沟地区西山窑组上段沉积相的平面分布规律明显,中间为沿北西-南东向展布的曲流河道,河道南部为河漫沼泽,北部为河漫滩。综合研究区岩性、构造、铀源等成矿条件,西山窑组上段赋存的铀矿体主要受河道砂体展布方向、河道砂体厚度、砂体粒度、砂体中的泥岩夹层、地层产状等因素控制。 相似文献
11.
Early Cretaceous, retro-foreland basin fluvial deposits throughout Wyoming record interactions between orogenesis, subsidence, sediment accumulation, basin physiography, and syndepositional structural deformation associated with the early stages of the Sevier Orogeny. Quantitative paleochannel reconstructions presented here are important for understanding these interactions, evaluating controls on alluvial architecture, and can be applied to basin-modeling studies. Most paleochannel sandstones and conglomerates represent point bars associated with meandering rivers, although some rivers may have been braided. Paleoflow of earliest Cretaceous Cloverly A-interval paleochannels (forebulge depozone, central WY) was generally to the north, northeast, and east, which suggests that most are deposits of basin-axial rivers. Discharges of overlying B-interval paleochannels are less than most of those of the A interval, possibly reflecting a temporal decrease in water supply related to the eastward expansion through time of an orographic rain shadow caused by progressive rising of the Sevier Orogen to the west. The Bechler (western WY), Cloverly B (central WY), and Lakota L2 (eastern WY) intervals are correlative and record deposition throughout the basin in the foredeep, forebulge, and backbulge depozones, respectively. Paleocurrents suggest that Bechler paleochannels are deposits of basin-transverse rivers that flowed to the east, whereas B and L2 paleochannels are deposits of basin-axial rivers that flowed dominantly to the north and northeast. The scales and discharges of most L2 paleochannels are much greater than those of the Bechler and B-interval. This eastward increase in discharge may reflect an eastward increase in precipitation related to the spatially decreasing effects of an orographic rain shadow caused by the Sevier Orogen to the west. Additionally, or alternatively, the higher discharges of most L2 rivers may indicate that they represent a more distal part of a tributary fluvial system than B-interval rivers (consistent with some lower slopes of L2 paleochannels).The alluvial architecture of thick foredeep deposits contrasts markedly with that of stratigraphically equivalent, much thinner deposits farther east that were associated with the forebulge and backbulge depozones. Foredeep deposits are dominated by overbank and lacustrine mudstones, and channel deposits tend to be isolated with limited lateral extents typically on the order of 10's of meters. Forebulge and backbulge channel deposits tend to be laterally and vertically connected forming sandstones and conglomerates with lateral extents on the order of 10's of km to >100 km. Long-term compacted sediment accumulation rates for the foredeep (generally 10−2 mm year−1) are an order of magnitude greater than those for the forebulge and backbulge depozones (10−3 mm year−1). Quantitative simulations of channel-deposit proportions indicate that basin-wide differences in alluvial architecture are attributable to differences in sediment accumulation rates, which, in turn, reflect variable subsidence rates of the different depozones. Additionally, in some areas of the fore- and backbulge depozones, alluvial architecture was controlled by local syndepositional structures. However, the alluvial architecture in areas influenced by syndepositional structures is broadly similar to that in areas where such structures were absent, both reflecting the same general tectonic setting that experienced limited regional subsidence. Hence, the two cases are not easily distinguished solely on the basis of alluvial architecture. 相似文献
12.
Paillou et al. (2009) mapped a 900 km-long paleodrainage system in eastern Libya, the Kufrah River, that could have linked the southern Kufrah Basin to the Mediterranean coast through the Sirt Basin, possibly as long ago as the Middle Miocene. We study here the potential connection between the terminal part of the Kufrah River and the Mediterranean Sea through the Wadi Sahabi paleochannel, which may have constituted the northern extension of the lower Kufrah River paleodrainage system. New analysis of SRTM-derived topography combined with Synthetic Aperture Radar images from the Japanese PALSAR orbital sensor allowed the mapping of seven main paleochannels located west of the Kufrah River, each of which is likely to have formed a tributary that supplied water and sediment to the main paleodrainage system. The northernmost four paleochannels probably originated from the Al Haruj relief, a Pliocene alkaline basaltic intracontinental volcanic field, and potentially connected to the Wadi Sahabi paleochannel. The remaining three paleochannels are in the more southerly location of the Sarir Calanscio, North-East of the Tibesti mountains, and barely present a topographic signature in SRTM data. They end in the dunes of the Calanscio Sand Sea, forming alluvial fans. The most southern paleochannel, known as Wadi Behar Belama, was previously mapped by Pachur (1996) using LANDSAT-TM images, and was interpreted by Osborne et al. (2008) as representing part of an uninterrupted sediment pathway from the Tibesti mountains to the Mediterranean Sea. Processing of SRTM topographic data revealed local depressions which allow to connect the seven paleochannels and possibly the terminal alluvial fan of the Kufrah River to the Wadi Sahabi paleochannel, through a 400 km-long, south-north oriented, paleocorridor. These new findings support our previous hypothesis that proposed a connection between the lower Kufrah River in the region of the Sarir Dalmah and the Wadi Sahabi paleochannel, which connected to the Mediterranean Sea. Including the newly mapped paleochannels, the Kufrah River paleowatershed, at its maximum extent, would have covered more than 400,000 km2, representing close to a quarter of the surface area of Libya. 相似文献
13.
长江口区晚新生代沉积物粒度特征和沉积地貌环境演变 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对长江河口区的三个晚新生代钻孔作了地层对比和粒度分析，据此探讨晚新生代长江河口的沉积地貌环境演变过程。结果表明，SG6和J18A孔上新世厚层含砾砂质沉积物粒度特征，反映了洪积扇和冲积扇相沉积环境，沉积物搬运距离短；而SG13孔缺失上新世沉积，反映古地势较高，以剥蚀为主。因此上新世长江三角洲地区古地势高差较大，侵蚀区和沉积区共存。早更新世，本区继承了上新世的冲、洪积扇沉积环境，但SG6孔泥质沉积明显变厚，J18A孔此时则以厚层含砾砂沉积为主，SG13孔也开始接受泥质沉积，反映在构造沉降作用下，冲、洪积扇体向西、南部迁移，沉积盆地范围扩大。中更新世，沉积物普遍变细且以悬浮沉积为主，显示了曲流河或曲流河冲积平原的沉积环境。晚更新世初，本区又发育含砾砂层，特别是SG13孔出现厚层含砾砂，但是粒径显著小于上新世和早更新世沉积物，反映本区再次发生显著构造沉积，河流地貌广泛发育。晚更新世中晚期和全新世沉积物以粘土和粉砂质粘土为主，悬浮沉积占优，说明本区已演变为滨、浅海沉积环境。因此在构造沉降、剥蚀和沉积的共同作用下，本区的地貌演变经历了自上新世至中更新世和自晚更新世至全新世的两次准平原化过程。 相似文献
14.
通过模拟 3种不同的浅层地下含水介质系统对排污河渠中磷去除实验 ,发现不同的含水介质对排污河渠中的总磷都有去除和净化的功能 ,并随着含水介质厚度的增加 ,总磷的去除率逐渐升高。不同的含水介质对总磷的去除效果不同 ,中砂对总磷的去除效果明显优于粗砂。去除磷的主要机理为吸附和沉淀 ,含水介质对磷去除的主要影响因素有介质的颗粒大小、不均匀系数、粘粒含量等。由于排污河渠长期的污水渗漏会在河床底部形成底泥 ,增强了对磷的去除效果 ,所以排污河渠一般不易造成对地下水的磷污染。 相似文献
15.
Rivers in the southwest coast of India are under immense pressure due to various kinds of human activities among which indiscriminate
extraction of construction grade sand is the most disastrous one. The situation is rather alarming in the rivers draining
the Vembanad lake catchments as the area hosts one of the fast developing urban-cum-industrial centre, the Kochi city, otherwise
called the Queen of Arabian Sea. The Vembanad lake catchments are drained by seven rivers whose length varies between 78 and
244 km and catchment area between 847 and 5,398 km2. On an average, 11.73 million ty−1 of sand and gravel are being extracted from the active channels and 0.414 million ty−1 of sand from the river floodplains. The quantity of instream mining is about 40 times the higher than the sand input estimated
in the gauging stations. As a result of indiscriminate sand mining, the riverbed in the storage zone is getting lowered at
a rate of 7–15 cm y−1 over the past two decades. This, in turn, imposes severe damages to the physical and biological environments of these river
systems. The present paper deals with the environmental effects of indiscriminate sand mining from the small catchment rivers
in the southwest coast of India, taking the case of the rivers draining the Vembanad lake catchments as an example. 相似文献
16.
The focus of this study is to understand a dramatic avulsion event on the Tisza River. During the Late Pleistocene the river course switched by about 80 km from the east to west of the Great Hungarian Plain (GHP) through the Záhony bend to its present meander belt. The aim of this study is to date this Záhony avulsion: based upon radiocarbon and pollen samples from six cores in the Polgár study area, situated in the west of the GHP at the middle course of the Tisza River. In addition, a grain size composition and heavy mineral analysis has been performed. The results of these analyses reveal a sequence of paleochannels and have been plotted on a high-resolution digital elevation model, illustrating the paleochannel form and age relationships.
The study suggests that the age of this major avulsion event is significantly older than it was previously supposed. Instead of 10 to 11 ka it is, according to our new data, 16–18 ka, and definitely predates the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The river cut into the previous, contiguous surface and formed at least one climatic terrace, then drifted gradually westward as a response to a tilt or the differential subsidence of tectonic origin. 相似文献
17.
S. Jaskó 《Environmental Geology》1992,20(3):213-218
The study of Pleistocene and Holocene fluviatile deposits in river valleys is important for environmental protection. Well records allow the mapping of clay, sand, and gravel beds under recent valley floors. Such surveys can also locate active tectonic zones. This technique helps in assessing potential seismic hazards for large industrial sites.The study of fluviatile sediments under recent valley floors is relevant to environmental studies for another reason as well. The permeability characteristics of these formations have a decisive bearing on the spreading of various pollutants entering the rivers or the groundwater along the rivers. Thus, the knowledge of subsurface formations is essential for the siting of factories with dangerous products and deposits of hazardous waste.Fluviatile sediments along the Hungarian stretch of the Danube Valley have been explored by thousands of shallow boreholes. These allowed the geotectonical and hydrogeological study of sites for completed and planned dams and nuclear power stations and assessing potential environmental hazards. 相似文献
18.
We present a study that reconstructs the ancient courses of the Euphrates in part of the Mesopotamian floodplain west and southwest of the ancient site of Babylon. The focus is on tracing paleochannel courses, determining when these paleochannels were active, and understanding the patterns of avulsion. The research was carried out using a combination of geological, geomorphological, remote sensing, historical, and archaeological approaches. Fieldwork included “ground truthing” of the remote sensing work, manually drilling boreholes (up to 7 m in depth), sedimentary and geomorphological documentation and sample collection for radiocarbon dating. As a result, five main courses of the Euphrates in five different periods have been mapped in this area, including four previously unidentified and/or unlocated migrations that linked the different periods. The main courses are the Purattum Course (before 3100–1000 BC), the Arahtum Course (1000–125 BC), the Sura Course (125 BC to AD 1258), the Hilla Course (13th to 19th century AD), and the Hindiya Course (19th to 20th century AD). There has been an overall migration of the main channel from east to west across the study area over time. The location of avulsion nodes changed along the length of the river, mainly downstream over time, but with a cluster of avulsion events near Babylon and a notable man‐made interference in the 20th century at the Hindiya Barrage. 相似文献
19.
It is suggested that in a localized remnant of Kalahari sand at Dufuya, central Zimbabwe, groundwater flows in an integrated pattern inherited from the paleochannel network of the underlying gneiss. Contact springs occur at discrete localities along the Kalahari sand/gneiss boundary and are associated with spring sapping and land surface subsidence. Subsidence is presumed to be due to preferential solute removal by leaching and dissolution as a result of concentration of groundwater flow within the buried paleochannel network and the location of the springs is presumed to occur where the paleochannel network intersects the Kalahari sand/gneiss boundary. Over time the surficial Kalahari sand is preferentially removed along these buried drainage lines by spring sapping and headwards erosion, exposing the gneiss. Multi-electrode direct current resistivity profiling and radar have been used to map the sub-surface, revealing the topography of the basement and nature of the Kalahari cover. Coincidence of gneiss basement depressions with the spring sites, leached sands and subsidence zones suggests inheritance of the gneiss fluvial paleochannel network pattern by the present day groundwater flow. Washed sand and gravel intersected in shallow boreholes in these areas provides further evidentiary support for the concept of inherited drainage. 相似文献