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详细阐述了奇台县近几年在井灌区机电井建设中机电井报废率逐年增高的"四大因素",认为在井灌区"重建轻管"是造成机电井报废率逐年增高的最主要因素;成井质量不高,凿井工艺水平低是关键因素.通过对机电井报废率逐年增高原因的浅析提出了一些对策建议. 相似文献
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本文根据奇台县近几年来在机电井建设中存在的问题,首次提出了农民在建井过程中陷入了"四大误区"的观点,同时提出了防治对策.呼吁农民朋友在打凿农用机电井时,一定要按有关部门《标准》进行.建议水行政主管部门采取各种方式,因势利导,及时引导农民走出打井误区. 相似文献
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能源和水资源是社会经济发展的重要物质基础,也是影响生态平衡的两大环境要素。据有关资料介绍,目前我国农业能源有效利用率为23.3％,只相当于国外先进水平的50％,其原因主要在于农田排灌机械,特别是分布面广,数量众多的机电井能耗高,浪费大所造成的。本文根据1984—1985年,开展机电井测改及其他有关资料,谈谈机井节 相似文献
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濒临报废机电井修复的新技术探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
供水机电井带病速行的情况普遣存在，不但影响了出水量，而且使运行成本增加，效益减少。本文简要介绍了套管补井和粘土球封闭法两种修复病险机井的新技术及施工方法。 相似文献
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地下水是水资源的重要组成部分,是维系生态环境控制性要素之一,也是抗旱和应急供水的重要水源。利用陕西省第一次水利普查成果对陕西省地下水取水工程的分布、取水量等特点进行统计分析,分析得出规模以上机电井的取水量占总量近9成,提出强化对规模以上机电井的管理,合理利用成果数据结合GIS技术,建立地下水基础信息管理平台,实现地下水资源的信息化管理,地下水取水总量的控制,达到对超采区地下水开采的限制等。 相似文献
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黑龙江省西部干旱地区机电井损坏较为严重,据调查,其中85%以上是由于井盖封闭不严所致。为此,我们研制出一种新型机井保护盖。在齐齐哈尔市科委组织的鉴定中,有关专家一致认为,该井盖构思精巧、设计合理、结构简单、制作方便、坚固耐用,且造价低廉,具有独创性。自1991年推广以来,该井盖很受群众欢迎,目前已应用于全县3000多眼机井 相似文献
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围绕发挥好机电井作用,对农村各种类型机电井的灌溉效益问题进行了调查研究,并根据白城地区的具体情况,提出几种机电井建设方法,供在机电井规划与建设中参考。 相似文献
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地下水中氯代烃的格栅水处理技术 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19
挥发性氯代烃是地下水中检出率较高的有机污染物 ,同时也是饮用水氯气消毒的副产物 ,而它对人体的危害也已经得到了USEPA等机构的认同。文中主要从格栅材料、降解机理、影响还原性脱氯效率的因素、实际工程中应注意的问题以及发展方向等方面 ,对地下水中挥发性氯代烃的处理技术进行了阐述 ,介绍了格栅处理地下水中挥发性氯代烃的最新进展和实际意义 ,提出了格栅系统的实际应用潜力和存在的问题 ,特别是双金属系统的催化机理和催化剂失活问题 ,给国内这方面的研究者提供思路。 相似文献
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Privatization of tubewells in North China: Determinants and impacts on irrigated area, productivity and the water table 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Despite the rise in importance of the private sector in the expansion of the use of groundwater in China and the potential implications this might have for production and poverty, little has been written about the effect of these phenomena on northern China’s economy. In examining determinants of tubewell privatization and its impact on producers in northern China, data were collected using a community leader survey, carried out in 448 villages in six provinces in northern China. The results show that since 1990 collective ownership of tubewells has largely been replaced by private ownership. Increasing water scarcity, government grants and bank loans for tubewell investment and the declining investment capacity of China’s local communities have led to the observed change in tubewell ownership patterns. By far, the most important positive effect on income appears to be due to the expansion of newly irrigated area that has been fueled by the rise of private tubewells. Many newly private tubewells also have begun to replace irrigation from surface water sources. While helping increase income and productivity, the rise of private tubewells also has contributed to the fall in groundwater levels.
相似文献
| Jinxia WangEmail: Phone: 86-10-64889841Fax: 86-10-64856533 |
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Babar Ali Shah 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(9):3525-3536
A groundwater arsenic (As) survey in Mirzapur, Varanasi, Ghazipur, Ballia, Buxar, Ara, Patna, and Vaishali districts of UP and Bihar shows that people from these districts are drinking As-contaminated groundwater (max. 1,300 μg/l). About 66 % of tubewells from Buxar to Mirzapur areas and 89 % of tubewells from Patna to Ballia areas have As?>?10 μg/l (WHO guideline). Moreover, 36 % of tubewells from Buxar to Mirzapur areas and 50 % of tubewells from Patna to Ballia areas have As above 50 μg/l. Most of the As-affected villages are located close to abandoned or present meander channels of the Ganga River. In contrast, tubewells located in Mirzapur, Chunar, Varanasi, Saidpur, Ghazipur, Muhammadabad, Ballia, Buxar, Ara, Chhapra, Patna, and Hazipur towns are As-safe in groundwater because of their positions on the Pleistocene Older Alluvium upland surfaces. The iron (Fe) content in tubewell water samples varies from 0.1 to 12.93 mg/l. About 77 % As-contaminated tubewells are located within the depth of 21 to 40 m in the Holocene Newer Alluvium aquifers. The potential source of As in sediments carried through the rivers from the Himalayas. Maximum As concentrations in the Older and Newer Alluvium sediments are 13.73 and 30.91 mg/kg, respectively. The Himalayas rivers, i.e. Yamuna, Ganga, Gomati, Ghaghara, Gondak, Buri Gandak, and Kosi rivers carrying suspended sediments have high content of As (max. 10.59 mg/kg). 相似文献
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Babar Ali Shah 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(8):2491-2501
Groundwater arsenic survey in Cachar and Karimganj districts of Barak Valley, Assam shows that people in these two districts are drinking arsenic-contaminated (max. 350 μg/l) groundwater. 66% of tubewells in these two districts have arsenic concentration above the WHO guideline value of 10 μg/l and 26% tubewells have arsenic above 50 μg/l, the Indian standards for arsenic in drinking water. 90% of installed tubewells in these two districts are shallow depth (14–40 m). Shallow tubewells were installed in Holocene Newer Alluvium aquifers are characterised by grey to black coloured fine grained organic rich argillaceous sediments and are mostly arsenic contamination in groundwater. Plio-Pleistocene Older Alluvium aquifers composed of shale, ferruginous sandstone, mottle clay, pebble and boulder beds, which at higher location or with thin cover of Newer Alluvium sediments are safe in arsenic contamination in groundwater. 91% of tubewell water samples show significantly higher concentrations of iron beyond its permissible limit of 1 mg/l. The iron content in these two districts varies from 0.5 to as much as 48 mg/l. Most of the arsenic contaminated villages of Cachar and Karimganj districts are located in entrenched channels and flood plains of Newer Alluvium sediments in Barak-Surma-Langai Rivers system. However, deeper tubewells (>60 m) in Plio-Pleistocene Older Alluvium aquifers would be a better option for arsenic-safe groundwater. The arsenic in groundwater is getting released from associated Holocene sediments which were likely deposited from the surrounding Tertiary Barail hill range. 相似文献
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Groundwater arsenic contamination in Manipur,one of the seven North-Eastern Hill states of India: a future danger 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Dipankar Chakraborti E. Jayantakumar Singh Bhaskar Das Babar Ali Shah M. Amir Hossain Bishwajit Nayak Sad Ahamed N. Rajmuhon Singh 《Environmental Geology》2008,56(2):381-390
Manipur State, with a population of 2.29 million, is one of the seven North-Eastern Hill states in India, and is severely
affected by groundwater arsenic contamination. Manipur has nine districts out of which four are in Manipur Valley where 59%
of the people live on 10% of the land. These four districts are all arsenic contaminated. We analysed water samples from 628
tubewells for arsenic out of an expected total 2,014 tubewells in the Manipur Valley. Analyzed samples, 63.3%, contained >10 μg/l
of arsenic, 23.2% between 10 and 50 μg/l, and 40% >50 μg/l. The percentages of contaminated wells above 10 and 50 μg/l are
higher than in other arsenic affected states and countries of the Ganga–Meghna–Brahmaputra (GMB) Plain. Unlike on the GMB
plains, in Manipur there is no systematic relation between arsenic concentration and the depth of tubewells. The source of
arsenic in GMB Plain is sediments derived from the Himalaya and surrounding mountains. North-Eastern Hill states were formed
at late phase of Himalaya orogeny, and so it will be found in the future that groundwater arsenic contamination in the valleys
of other North-Eastern Hill states. Arsenic contaminated aquifers in Manipur Valley are mainly located within the Newer Alluvium.
In Manipur, the high rainfall and abundant surface water resources can be exploited to avoid repeating the mass arsenic poisoning
that has occurred on the GMB plains. 相似文献
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将土地资产的理论与经验引进矿产资源管理，探讨建立和完善社会主义矿产资源市场经济制造，指出实现矿产资源性资产的市场机制是资源优化配置的一种十分重要的手段。它能够通过各级政府规划或者指导对资源的形势研究，预测其供求、价格和竞争之间的相互作用和影响。推动资源的科学利用与有效保护，合理流动与分配，提高资源利用率，从而促进社会经济的可持续发展。探讨和创建矿产资源性资产与产权管理的新机制，其实质是采矿权人根据国家法律，按统一的技术规定、规程、标准和要求，对其占用的资源储量进行定期或不定期的检测，编制相应的动态报表、年度报告和统计报表。国家根据矿种类型，通过省市县建立不同层次的矿产资源储量数据库进行产权管理。政府的监督管理主要由矿产资源储量登记与统计及核查机制组成。 相似文献
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