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1.
The study of nannofossils and dinoflagelate cysts from the Paleocene-Eocene transition in the Nasypnoe section, Eastern Crimea
identified the bed corresponding to the global event referred as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). The assemblages
of both groups of microphytoplankton display significant changes including the appearance of Rhomboaster spp., Discoaster anartios and D. araneus nannofossils and Apectodinium augustum and Wilsonidium pechoricum dinocysts featured for this event and major variations in the ratio of taxa resulted in domination of eutrophic and warm-water
species. The paleoecological interpretation of nannofossil and dinocyst distribution suggests a drastic sea-level fall preceded
the PETM and occurrence of two transgressive episodes during it. 相似文献
2.
Hassan A. Soliman Nageh A. Obaidalla Amr A. Metwally Azza A. Mohamed 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(14):394
Benthic foraminiferal fauna are analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively at three stratigraphic sections in Eastern Desert of Egypt (Serai, Duwi, and Um El Huetat). These sections embrace the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) interval which is represented by the occurrence of five distinctive beds. These beds constitute the Dababiya Quarry Member at the lower part of Esna Formation. The occurrence of them indicates an expanded and relatively continuous record across the P/E boundary. The organic-rich clay layer (bed no. 1 of the Dababiya Quarry Member) marks the start of the PETM event. This bed is characterized by the extinction of all benthic foraminiferal fauna except for the occurrence of rare agglutinated foraminiferal species. The presence of these species indicates an oceanic anoxic event at the sea floor. High concentration of phosphatic contents including fish remains occurred in the middle part of the PETM (bed nos. 2 and 3 of the Dababiya Quarry Member) with the continuous absence of benthic foraminiferal fauna except for few specimens at the top of bed 3. Bed nos. 4 and 5 of the Dababiya Quarry Member represent the upper part of the PETM and the initial stage of sea floor recovery. Low diversity and abundance of benthic foraminiferal taxa occurred within these beds, represented by Valvulineria scrobiculata, Lenticulina midwayensis, Loxostomoides appliane, and Siphogenerinoides eleganta. This phenomenon continues upward during the post-PETM event. The Paleocene velasco-type benthic foraminifera Angulogavelinella avnimelechi and Coryphostoma midwayensis species are extinct within the advent of the PETM event. The benthic foraminiferal assemblages at the studied sections are dominated by midway-type fauna with little representative of velasco-type fauna. The velasco-type species are represented with high abundance at Serai section and with low densities at Um El Huetat section, while at Duwi section, they rarely occurred. This suggests outer neritic-upper bathyal (150–400 m) setting at Serai section and mostly middle-outer neritic (50–150 m) setting at Um El Huetat and Duwi sections. 相似文献
3.
Lamia ZILI 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(6):1533-1539
A new section at Jebel Gorraa,in northern Tunisia,contains the Paleocene-Eocene transition interval.Sample analysis of the section delivers abundant and diverse microfauna of planktonic and benthic foraminifera.Biostratigraphically,the Acarinina sibaiyaensis index-species is identified for the first time in this region,which allows us to specify the location of the Paleocene-Eocene boundary as well as the first E1 biozone of the lower Eocene.Samples from this biozone contain calcitic tests poorly preserved with an enrichment of iron oxide signifying a period of upheaval in local marine environments linked to the global warming of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum （PETM）,the marker for the P/E boundary. 相似文献
4.
Yu. O. Gavrilov E. A. Shcherbinina O. V. Golovanova B. G. Pokrovskii 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2013,48(6):457-488
The Cretaceous sections of the eastern Caucasus contain rich in organic matter (OM) sediments corresponding to the late Cenomanian Oceanic Anoxic Event 2. They are marked by positive δ13C and negative δ18O isotopic anomalies, which are characteristic for this level in many areas of the world. The sediments exhibit distinct cyclic patterns reflected in an alternation of black OM-rich and gray more calcareous layers. The rocks are enriched with many chemical elements, although concentrations of some of them (Mo, Se) are lower than in typical sediments of anoxic basins. It is inferred that anoxic environments in the paleobasin were unstable and locally developed. Nannofossil assemblages from OAE 2 sediments are dominated by the highly resistant eurytropic taxon Watznaueria accompanied by common cool-water Eprolithus and rare warm-water Rhagodiscus representatives, which implies the development of environments unfavorable for the normal marine nannoflora and short-term cooling in the basin during OAE 2. The OM-rich sediments were deposited against the background of the rapid eustatic transgression due to a significant increase in productivity of phytoplankton in the paleobasin. The OAE 2 duration is estimated to be approximately 400 ka. 相似文献
5.
Muhammad Hanif Malcolm B. Hart Stephen T. Grimes Melanie J. Leng 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(1):323-339
Marine sedimentary section across the Paleocene/Eocene (P/E) boundary interval is preserved in the Dungan Formation (Lower Indus Basin), Pakistan. Four dinoflagellate zones in the P/E interval of the Rakhi Nala section (Lower Indus Basin) are identified and correlated. The quantitative analysis of the dinoflagellate cyst assemblages together with geochemical data are used to reconstruct the palaeoenvironment across the P/E interval. The dinocyst assemblages allow the local correlation of the Dungan Formation (part) of the Sulaiman Range with the Patala Formation (part) of the Upper Indus Basin and global correlation of the Zone Pak-DV with the Apectodinium acme Zone of the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The onset of the carbon isotopic excursion (CIE) associated with Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is used globally to identify the P/E boundary. The CIE for the total organic carbon (fine fraction) δ13CFF is of a magnitude of ?1.7‰ is recorded for the first time in the Indus Basin. The Apectodinium acme precedes and straddles the onset of the CIE in the Indus Basin. This Apectodinium acme is also accompanied by a planktonic and benthonic foraminifera “barren zone.” The CIE in the Indus Basin, coupled with the changes in the dinocyst distribution and the benthonic and planktonic foraminifera assemblages, provides evidence of the changes associated with the PETM in this little-known part of the world. The benthonic foraminiferal assemblage indicates bathyal environment of deposition at the time of P/E boundary interval; the presence of dominantly open marine dinoflagellates and high planktonic foraminiferal ratio suggest that the water column at this site was well connected with the rest of the Tethys. 相似文献
6.
《Gondwana Research》2014,25(1):257-269
The well-known Maastrichtian–Ypresian vertebrate-bearing phosphate series, in the Ouled Abdoun Basin, Morocco, is classically dated using regional selachian biostratigraphic zonation. These marine sediments yielded Paleocene and Eocene mammals comprising the earliest known placentals from Africa. This study provides the first insight into the organic carbon isotope chemostratigraphy (δ13Corg) of the Moroccan phosphate series and a refined dating of its vertebrate-bearing levels. Four Paleocene–Eocene sections in the NE Ouled Abdoun quarries show consistent δ13Corg long term evolutions, from the base to the top: 1) positive trend in phosphorite Bed IIa, beginning with the lower Bone Bed yielding mammals such as Eritherium, Ocepeia, Abdounodus, Lahimia, of early Thanetian and Selandian age; 2) transitional negative trend in the Intercalary phosphorite Beds II/I that includes the Otodus obliquus and Phosphatherium escuilliei Bone Bed of earliest Ypresian age; 3) negative trend to the lowermost δ13Corg values that are correlative to the early–middle Ypresian interval including ETM 2 and ETM 3 hyperthermal events in the global record; 4) positive trend in chert-enriched facies containing the middle Ypresian EECO global climatic event. Our chemostratigraphic study of the Ouled Abdoun phosphate series provides a new chronostratigraphic framework for calibrating the beginning of the evolution of placental mammals in Africa. The lower Bone Bed level from the Paleocene phosphorite Bed IIa yielding Eritherium is not younger than early Thanetian, and is most likely Selandian. The Phosphatherium Bone Bed in the Intercalary Beds II/I is earliest Ypresian. The phosphorite Bed 0, from which Daouitherium probably came, is early–middle Ypresian, just below the EECO. This suggests that the first large proboscideans evolved after the PETM, during mid-Ypresian warming events. The δ13Corg study does not support the presence of Lutetian in the NE Ouled Abdoun phosphate series and suggests that a noticeable part of the upper Thanetian is absent. 相似文献
7.
Carbon isotope (δ13C) and rare earth element (REE) concentrations in representative samples of the shallow marine Subathu Formation, explored from the Neelkanth and Dogadda sections of Northwestern Himalaya (India) were determined to infer the palaeo-environmental condition during the late Paleocene and middle Eocene. δ13C values show variation of ～5.0‰ with maximum excursion (?27.34‰) in calcareous sandstone at the basal part and minimum (?22‰) in red shale towards the terminal end. Total REE concentration varies (due to lithology) from 27.23?ppm to 564.35?ppm with an average of 187.60?ppm. The chondrite and PAAS normalized patterns exhibit positive Ce anomaly (0.95–4.45), enriched LREE, and depleted HREE, medium Y/Ho ratio (～30–45) along with positive correlation between Y/Dy and Y/Ho ratio. In addition, calcite veins present in some shale samples indicate redox sensitive trace elements. The overall REE abundance and distribution suggests highly oxygenated environment under the shallow marine regressive phase of deposition. The depositional setting, biostratigraphical constrained age along with δ13C values and lower TOC suggested an intense warm period, that might be coeval with the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maxima event (PETM). 相似文献
8.
Atef Masoud Kasem Sherwood WiseJr Mahmoud Faris Sherif Farouk Esam Zahran 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(20):455
Integration of calcareous nannofossil data, δ13C and δ18O values, and carbonate contents of the lower Paleocene–upper Paleocene sequence that crops out at the Misheiti section, East Central Sinai, Egypt, were used to denote the Danian/Selandian (D/S) and Selandian/Thanetian (S/T) stage boundaries. The study interval belongs to the Dakhla and Tarawan formations. Four calcareous nannofossil zones (NP4, NP5, NP6, and NP7/8) were recognized. The base of the Selandian Stage is tentatively placed at the lowest occurrences (LOs) of taxa ascribable to the second radiation of fasciculiths (i.e., Lithoptychius janii). This level is marked by a sudden drop of δ13C and δ18O values and carbonate content. No distinctive lithological changes were observed across the D/S boundary at the study section. A hiatus at the NP5/NP6 zonal boundary is indicated by the condensation of zones NP5 and NP6.The base of the Thanetian is placed at the base of Zone NP7/8 at the lithological change observed in correspondence to the boundary between the Dakhla and Tarawan formations. The δ13C and δ18O values abruptly decrease slightly above the base of Zone NP7/8. No consistent variations in the carbonate contents were recorded within Zone NP6 or across the NP6/NP7/8 zonal boundary. 相似文献
9.
古新世—始新世极热事件(LPTM或PETM)是地球历史中最强烈的全球升温事件之一,又因其温室气体的排放与当前工业废气排放水平相当,因而在全球变化与地球系统科学研究中具有重要的研究意义。Gaia理论强调生物通过负反馈作用调节全球系统,使之趋于稳定。在前人研究资料的基础上,对比分析了分布于全球不同地区大洋钻孔与陆地剖面P/E界线附近的δ13C变化,综合了P/E极热事件对全球碳循环的影响以及事件的成因。认为P/E极热事件之后,地球系统在生物作用下逐渐恢复平衡。如果将生物与地球作为整体来看,那么这个整体是一个具有自我平衡能力的系统。地球历史中,其他与碳循环扰动有关的地质事件,应该也可以用Gaia理论的思路,从生物调节环境的角度分析碳循环的变化以及地球系统的平衡机制。 相似文献
10.
Abdel-Mohsen M. Morsi Robert P. Speijer Peter Stassen Etienne Steurbaut 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2011,59(2-3):243-268
Two outcrop sections spanning the Paleocene–early Eocene boundary in the Sidi Nasseur–Wadi Mezaz area in northwest Tunisia provided rich ostracode assemblages, yielding 26 species of which three are newly described: Reymenticosta bassiounii, Reymenticosta nasseurensis and Buntonia? tunisiensis. The recorded ostracode fauna and associated foraminifera reflect deposition in a coastal to inner neritic environment. Many of the recorded taxa have a wide geographic distribution throughout the Middle East and North Africa. A correspondence is also observed with West African faunas, especially in the early Eocene fauna. These taxa seem to have originated in West Africa during the Paleocene and migrated northwards during the late Paleocene to early Eocene. Sea-level change and decrease in oxygenation associated with the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) caused the local disappearance of the South Tethyan Paleocene fauna represented by Paracosta kefensis (morphotype-A), Paracosta aff. paleomokattamensis, Paracypris sp. B Esker, Loxoconcha saharaensis, Buntonia sp. 3 Donze et al., Protobuntonia nakkadii, and probably Reymenticosta bassiounii and R. nasseurensis. Simultaneously, a new but poorly diverse Afro-Tethyan fauna, mainly represented by Alocopocythere attitogonensis and Buntonia? tunisiensis, settled in the studied part of the basin. After the PETM, diversity increased again as various taxa (e.g. Bairdia aegyptiaca, Reticulina lamellata and Aegyptiana duwiensis) (re)appeared. Although detailed records across the P/E boundary are still sparse, it appears that the PETM exerted significant influence on the paleobiogeography and composition of Tethyan ostracode faunas. 相似文献
11.
Analysis of sediments deposited at different latitudes around the world during the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM; ∼56 Ma) have revealed a globally profound warming phase, regionally varying from 5–8 °C. Such records from Europe have not yet been obtained. We studied the variations in sea surface and continental mean annual air temperatures (SST and MAT, respectively) and the distribution patterns and stable carbon isotopes of higher plant derived n-alkanes in two proximal PETM sections (Fur and Store Bælt, Denmark) from the epicontinental North Sea Basin. A negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE) of 4–7‰ was recorded in land plant derived n-alkanes, similar to what has been observed for other PETM sections. However, differences observed between the two proximal sites suggest that local factors, such as regional vegetation and precipitation patterns, also influenced the CIE. The presence of S-bound isorenieratene derivatives at the onset of the PETM and increased organic carbon contents points to a rapid shift in depositional environment; from well oxygenated to anoxic and sulfidic. These euxinic conditions are comparable with those during the PETM in the Arctic Ocean. SSTs inferred from TEX86 show relatively low temperatures followed by an increase of ∼7 °C across the PETM. At the Fur section, a remarkably similar temperature record was obtained for MAT using the MBT′/CBT proxy. However, the MAT record of the Store Bælt section did not reveal this warming. 相似文献
12.
I. Yu. Chekryzhov V. K. Popov A. N. Panichev V. V. Seredin E. V. Smirnova 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2010,4(4):314-330
This paper presents the results of studying the Cenozoic volcanogenic-sedimentary cover of the Vanchinskaya depression of
Sikhote Alin. It was established that, in terms of the taxonomic composition of the fossil plants, the basal part of the Cenozoic
section is attributed to the Paleocene, while the overlaying coal-bearing sequence, to the Early Eocene. The geochronological
(K-Ar) dating showed that the volcanic rocks intruding and overlaying the coal-bearing deposits are Middle Eocene in age:
rhyolites—44.7 ± 1.0; trachyandesites—43.7 ± 1.4 Ma. The petrographic and geochemical characteristics of the volcanic and
volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks and related zeolitites are described. The zeolitized rocks containing plant detritus differ
in their extremely high contents of Y and HREE. The zeolitization of the volcanic glass in tuffs, tuffites, and perlites was
caused by hydrothermal solutions that ascended along NW fault zones from the subsurface magmatic chamber. 相似文献
13.
Mohammed A. Al-Wosabi Muhammad S. Khalifa Muayyad H. Khaiwka 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2011,4(3-4):607-623
The measured ranges of 60 benthic foraminiferal species of Umm er Radhuma Formation (UeR) (Paleocene–Early Eocene age) in five wells of Rub’ Al-Khali Basin, Saudi Arabia, and two surface sections (Wadi Mashib and Say’un), from Yemen, have been assembled by a graphic correlation technique into a composite standard section (CSS). This composite standard allows building a chronostratigraphic model subdividing UeR into 50 composite standard section time units. The adjustment of benthic foraminiferal ranges of the study area by a quantitative approach improved its resolution in correlation and enhances its potential in biozonation and dating. The analysis of graphic correlation technique reveals significant information regarding accumulation rate in the CSS and the individual sections. Generally, sediments of Paleocene–Early Eocene age in the study area are characterized by a low rate of accumulation. The Paleocene/Eocene boundary of Umm er Radhuma Formation is defined in the chronostratigraphic model to be at a composite standard section time units ?14.8. This boundary is projected into individual sections by the graphic correlation technique and allowed a precise correlation of these sections. A synchroneity analysis of composite standard section events is carried out and enabled testing of reliability of Umm er Radhuma Formation benthic foraminifera biozonation. 相似文献
14.
In the deep-sea, the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is often marked by clay-rich condensed intervals caused by dissolution of carbonate sediments, capped by a carbonate-rich interval. Constraining the duration of both the dissolution and subsequent cap-carbonate intervals is essential to computing marine carbon fluxes and thus testing hypotheses for the origin of this event. To this end, we provide new high-resolution helium isotope records spanning the Paleocene-Eocene boundary at ODP Site 1266 in the South Atlantic. The extraterrestrial 3He, 3HeET, concentrations replicate trends observed at ODP Site 690 by Farley and Eltgroth (2003). By assuming a constant flux of 3HeET we constrain relative changes in accumulation rates of sediment across the PETM and construct a new age model for the event. In this new chronology the zero carbonate layer represents 35 kyr, some of which reflects clay produced by dissolution of Paleocene (pre-PETM) sediments. Above this layer, carbonate concentrations increase for ∼165 kyr and remain higher than in the latest Paleocene until 234 +48/−34 kyr above the base of the clay. The new chronology indicates that minimum δ13C values persisted for a maximum of 134 +27/−19 kyr and the inflection point previously chosen to designate the end of the CIE recovery occurs at 217 +44/−31 kyr. This allocation of time differs from that of the cycle-based age model of Röhl et al. (2007) in that it assigns more time to the clay layer followed by a more gradual recovery of carbonate-rich sedimentation. The new model also suggests a longer sustained δ13C excursion followed by a more rapid recovery to pre-PETM δ13C values. These differences have important implications for constraining the source(s) of carbon and mechanisms for its subsequent sequestration, favoring models that include a sustained release of carbon after an initial pulse. 相似文献
15.
《Precambrian Research》2002,113(1-2):43-63
Carbon, oxygen and strontium isotope compositions of carbonate rocks of the Proterozoic Vindhyan Supergroup, central India suggest that they can be correlated with the isotope evolution curves of marine carbonates during the latter Proterozoic. The carbonate rocks of the Lower Vindhyan Supergroup from eastern Son Valley and central Vindhyan sections show δ13C values of ∼0‰ (V-PDB) and those from Rajasthan section are enriched up to +2.8‰. In contrast, the carbonate rocks of the Upper Vindhyan succession record both positive and negative shifts in δ13C compositions. In the central Vindhyan section, the carbonates exhibit positive δ13C values up to +5.7‰ and those from Rajasthan show negative values down to –5.2‰. The δ18O values of most of the carbonate rocks from the Vindhyan Supergroup show a narrow range between –10 and –5‰ (V-PDB) and are similar to the ‘best preserved’ 18O compositions of the Proterozoic carbonate rocks. In the central Vindhyan and eastern Son Valley sections, carbonates from the Lower Vindhyan exhibit best-preserved 87Sr/86Sr compositions of 0.7059±6, which are lower compared to those from Rajasthan (0.7068±4). The carbonates with positive δ13C values from Upper Vindhyan are characterized by lower 87Sr/86Sr values (0.7068±2) than those with negative δ13C values (0.7082±6). A comparison of C and Sr isotope data of carbonate rocks of the Vindhyan Supergroup with isotope evolution curves of the latter Proterozoic along with available geochronological data suggest that the Lower Vindhyan sediments were deposited during the Mesoproterozoic Eon and those from the Upper Vindhyan represent a Neoproterozoic interval of deposition. 相似文献
16.
A. E. Khardikov 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2001,36(2):134-140
Paleocene and Eocene terrigenous–siliceous complexes of the Eastern Ciscaucasus contain 18–92% zeolites represented by clinoptilolite. The studied complexes are the stratified subplatformal shallow-water subaqueous deposits with abundant authigenic silica as skeletal remains, cryptocrystalline substance, and pyroclastic material. Clinoptilolite in Paleocene–Eocene terrigenous–siliceous sediments formed from the mud solutions mainly at the expense of the labile pyroclastic material and biogenic silica. Variations in the zeolite abundance are explained by different contents of the pyroclastic material and SiO2in the primary sediment. 相似文献
17.
古近纪早期,地球上发生了古新世-始新世极热气候(PETM)事件,严重影响全球碳循环过程和海陆生态环境系统.依据普通薄片、元素分析、碳同位素、TOC等实验结果.研究了渤海湾盆地济阳断陷湖盆古新世-始新世时期的湖泊环境时空波动变化及其对PETM事件的响应,发现济阳断陷湖盆早期经历了多旋回的演化过程,湖盆中碎屑物质和化学物质的分异作用同时发生,陆地风化作用和化学沉积物质分异指示了极热气候的变化过程;该时期湖水为逐渐咸化的盐湖环境,具有空间的分带性和时间的阶段演化性,湖水咸化是热气候事件发生的直接响应;湖泊的时空波动演化经历了古新世-始新世时期的极热气候(PETM)事件,该事件早期湖泊尚未完全咸化,浮游生物比较繁盛,早期浮游植物对12CO2的吸收,会导致短暂的湖泊古生产力较高,但是随着湖盆逐渐咸化,生物的活动存活较难,主要以旱生植物为主,古生产力降到最低.由于过量的12C吸收沉淀,造成湖泊沉积记录中的δ13C明显负偏,最大可达5×10-3.由此证实全球PETM事件影响了古新世-始新世之交济阳断陷湖盆的时空演化和物质分异过程. 相似文献
18.
G. A. Valui E. Yu. Moskalenko A. A. Strizhkova G. R. Sayadyan 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2008,2(2):150-157
The Cretaceous-Paleogene granites of the Eastern Sikhote Alin volcanic belt (ESAVB) and Late Cretaceous granitoids of the Tatibin Series (Central Sikhote Alin) are subdivided into three groups according to their oxygen isotope composition: group I with δ18O from +5.5 to +6.5‰, group II with δ18O from +7.6 to +10.2‰, and group III with less than +4.5‰. Group I rocks are similar in oxygen isotope composition to that of oceanic basalts and can be derived by melting of basaltic crust. Group II (rocks of the Tatibin Series) have higher δ18O, which suggests that their parental melts were contaminated by sedimentary material. The low 18O composition of group III rocks can be explained by their derivation from 18O-depleted rocks or by subsolidus isotopic exchange with low-18O fluid or meteoric waters. The relatively low δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr in the granitoids of Primorye suggest their derivation from rocks with a short-lived crustal history and can result from the following: (1) melting of sedimentary rocks enriched in young volcanic material that was accumulated in the trench along the transform continental margin (granites of the Tatibin Series) and (2) melting of a mixture of abyssal sediments, ocean floor basalts, and upper mantle in the lithospheric plate that subsided beneath the continent in the subduction zone (granites of the ESAVB). 相似文献
19.
We have made oxygen and carbon isotope measurements on limestone samples of Albian to Eocene age recovered from the Bottaccione Gorge section in the Umbrian Apennines, central Italy. Additional measurements have been made on topmost Maastrichtian and Palaeocene sediments from the adjacent Contessa Highway section. Our data from the Bottaccione Gorge show 13C maxima at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary and during the Palaeocene, as well as a pronounced 13C minimum 7 metres above the clay layer at the K/T boundary. Our data from the Contessa Highway show a 13C minimum 9 metres above the K/T boundary clay. These minima are probably diagenetic artifacts. In the Bottaccione Gorge there is evidence for a hiatus in the early Middle Eocene. The Palaeocene of the Bottaccione Gorge appears to have been affected by slumping or faulting (in addition to the diagenetic overprinting) giving a spurious δ13C recovery after the K/T boundary, the Contessa Highway section appears to be more complete. The Coniacian-Maastrictian is characterized by relatively stable 13C values. Our data indicate an increase in δ18O (and therefore possible cooling) across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary in both the Bottaccione and Contessa Highway sections. 相似文献
20.
Christopher J. Hollis 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2006,99(1):S79-S99
The Mead Stream section, northern Clarence Valley, is the most complete Paleocene- early Eocene record of pelagic sedimentation in the mid-latitude (~55° S paleolatitude) Pacific Ocean. Integrated studies of sediments, siliceous and calcareous microfossils and carbon isotopes have shown that major global climate events are recorded by distinct changes in lithofacies and biofacies. The consistent and often abundant occurrence of siliceous microfossils in the section provides a rare opportunity to undertake quantitative analysis of highlatitude radiolarian population changes through the late Paleocene and early Eocene. Late Paleocene assemblages are dominated by spumellarians, although the nassellarian species Buryella tetradica is the most abundant species. The Paleocene-Eocene boundary (= base of Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum) in the Mead Stream section is marked by major faunal turnover, including an abrupt decrease in B. tetradica, first occurrences of several low-latitude species (e.g. Amphicraspedum prolixum s.s., Lychnocanium auxilla, Podocyrtis papalis, Phormocyrtis turgida, Theocorys? phyzella) and increased abundance of large, robust spumellarians relative to small actinommids. Above an 18-m thick, lowermost Eocene interval in which radiolarians are abundant to common, radiolarian abundance declines progressively, falling to <10 individuals per gram in the marl-dominated unit that is correlated with the early Eocene climatic optimum. These trends in siliceous microfossil populations signal major changes in watermass characteristics along the northeastern New Zealand margin in the earliest Eocene. Assemblages typical of cool, eutrophic, watermasses that dominated the Marlborough Paleocene were replaced in the early Eocene by assemblages more characteristic of oligotrophic, stratified, subtropical-tropical watermasses. 相似文献