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1.
《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
大陆边缘贮存了全球海洋约80%以上的沉积有机碳,在海洋埋藏的有机质中占有至关重要的地位,同时,其也是陆源有机质的一个重要汇区。北极陆架是全球最大的陆架,因而,弄清楚北极沉积物中有机质的分布与来源,对增进全球碳循环的认识具有重大意义。目前北极在有机质来源方面的研究还较少,且所使用的指示参数较为单一[1]。由于大陆边缘沉积有机质的复杂性以及各个指示参数(包括整体性参数和生物标志物)本身的限制,多参数估算有机质来源的工作变得越来越重要。本文旨在应用多参数指标(有机C/N值,有机碳稳定同位素δ13C和BIT指数)示踪陆源沉积有机质,从而进一步了解楚科奇海和白令海北部陆源有机质的埋藏过程。表层沉积物样品来自西北冰洋楚科奇海与北白令海的20个站位的箱式表层样品。样品采集后置于-20℃冰柜中保存,带回实验室进行上述参数的分析。有机碳氮以及有机碳稳定同位素δ13C的测定分别使用Elementar元素分析仪(德国)以及Thermo的同位素比质谱仪(美国)。BIT指数是甘油二烷基甘油四醚酯(GDGT)中土壤来源的支链GDGT与海洋来源奇古菌醇Crenarchaeol的比例,可以指示土壤有机质在沉积有机质中的含量[2]。GDGT萃取液通过高效液相色谱质谱仪进行测定。研究区有机C/N值高值出现在白令海东南和楚科奇海南部;有机碳稳定同位素δ13C值分布情况与C/N值相似,偏轻的同位素值分布在研究区域东侧。根据支链GDGT的含量与奇古菌醇含量计算得到的BIT指数平均值约为0.150,分布为在东部较高,且在北部靠近海盆方向逐渐降低。这个结果也与王寿刚等(2013)[3]和Park等(2014)[4]的结果相近。结合上面的结果,通过二端源混合模型可以计算沉积有机碳中陆源有机碳的相对含量。δ13C值的计算结果与Naidu等(2000)[1]的相近,他们得到的海源比例约为50%。有机C/N比值计算的陆源有机质含量较低,这可能与矿物吸附的无机氮或者沉积物中微生物的降解有关。而BIT指数计算的值是最低的,这与Hopmans等(2004)[2]所述的相一致,即BIT指数指示的是一个土壤来源。以上陆源有机质的分布与研究区分布在东西侧的阿纳德尔流和阿拉斯加沿岸流密切相关。 相似文献
2.
以古菌和细菌细胞膜脂甘油四烷基甘油四醚(GDGTs)为基础建立的古温度指标四醚指数(TEX86)与甲基化/环化指标(MBT/CBT),以及陆源输入指标(BIT)与干旱和盐碱化指标Ri/b,在海洋、湖泊、黄土-古土壤等沉积物的古环境重建中得到了广泛的应用.然而,利用这些微生物分子指标来重建古环境时,氧化等降解因素对GDGTs化合物,尤其是对细菌支链GDGTs的影响目前还不是很清楚.本研究通过过氧化氢模拟不同氧化程度对土壤中GDGTs化合物产生的影响,进而分析古菌和细菌GDGTs不同结构化合物抗氧化能力的差异,了解化学氧化降解对GDGTs各指标的影响.结果表明,古菌类异戊二烯GDGTs抗氧化能力低于细菌支链GDGTs,同时含环的古菌和细菌GDGTs抗化学氧化能力均要低于无环GDGTs.古菌GDGTs古温度指标TEX86在氧化过程中逐渐降低,在氧化条件下沉积的古菌GDGTs的TEX86指标用于古温度的重建存在低估的可能.在以无环细菌支链GDGTs为主的环境中,细菌MBT/CBT指标随氧化程度加深其重建温度基本不受影响.古菌与细菌GDGTs抗降解能力的差异导致陆源输入指标BIT指数随着氧化程度增加而升高,在地质体中应用此指标恢复古陆源输入存在高估的可能性.干旱化和盐碱化指标Ri/b随着氧化程度加深表现出逐渐降低的趋势,从而在应用上也可能存在低估.需要指出的是,实验室用的过氧化氢比自然条件下氧气的氧化作用强得多,本文的结论反映了一种比较极端的状况. 相似文献
3.
滇池湖泊沉积物中甘油二烷基甘油四醚脂的组成特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以云贵高原浅水湖泊—滇池作为研究对象,在对湖心一个63 cm沉积物柱样的有机质总体及分子有机地球化学研究的基础上,对沉积物有机质中甘油二烷基甘油四醚脂（GDGTs）组成进行了测定。研究结果表明,滇池湖泊沉积物中具有丰富的GDGTs,且以反映陆相土壤来源的支链类GDGTs为主。该沉积柱样中支链类GDGTs的环化指标（CBT）和甲基化指标（MBT）揭示出:1）整个沉积阶段滇池流域土壤的pH值主要介于7.5~8.2,相对中、下部层段,上部层段pH值呈现略微减小的趋势;2）基于CBT/MBT重建的滇池流域内年平均气温呈现由早期的温暖潮湿气候逐渐向寒冷干燥气候变化,近来又有所回暖的变化过程,这可以很好地解释该沉积柱中、下层段记录的总体有机质主要特征的演化规律。 相似文献
4.
示踪全球环境变化的微生物代用指标 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
文章详细总结了示踪全球环境变化的一系列微生物替代指标。重建古温度的定量指标包括藻类长链烯酮的U、古菌甘油二烷基甘油四醚化合物(GDGTs)的TEX_(86)指标、细菌GDGTs的甲基化指数(MBT)与环化指数(CBT)的组合。古温度的定性指标有脂类单体的氢同位素组成、不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量、有孔虫和硅藻的组合及其生物体的同位素组成和微量元素比值。重建古水文的指标包括有壳变形虫组合、细菌GDGTs的环化指数CBT、细菌和古菌GDGTs的陆源输入指数BIT、古菌和细菌GDGTs的相对丰度R、直链脂肪族化合物的碳优势指数CPI、好氧与厌氧微生物的丰度。古大气CO_2分压的估算可采用藻类长链烯酮的碳同位素组成、有孔虫的硼同位素组成。认为这些微生物指标在古环境重建中潜力巨大,并对一些重要微生物指标的应用原理和限定条件进行了分析。有些指标因受多种环境因子和成岩作用的影响,在应用中需特别的注意,不能无限夸大其应用领域。 相似文献
5.
为了探讨南海碳酸盐台地的发育过程及控制因素, 采用有机分子化合物指标方法对其进行了研究.有机分子化合物指标BIT(branched isoprenoid tetraether)是沉积物中源自陆源的细菌膜脂支链甘油双烷基链甘油四醚(branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers,简称bGDGTs)与主要来自海洋泉古菌中的类异戊二烯GDGTs(isoprenoid GDGTs,简称iGDGTs)的含量之比,在古环境研究中,用来区分沉积物有机质的来源、判断沉积环境.通过对西科1井的数据研究发现,西科1井BIT指数随深度呈现三段式规律性变化,从下到上呈现高-低-高的变化,反映了中中新世以来南海海平面变化及碳酸盐台地生长发育的过程:在中中新世晚期,受全球及区域海平面变化下降影响,西沙地区碳酸盐台地形成礁-滩交互的沉积地层,由于大气淡水的影响,造成BIT指数呈现高值;到晚中新世至上新世,全球及区域海平面出现持续上升,有利于西沙碳酸盐台地的生长发育,使该井沉积环境以礁内泻湖相为主,造成BIT指数呈现低值;在第四纪冰期,全球及区域海平面出现总体下降趋势,西沙碳酸盐台地又频繁暴露于地表,造成BIT指数又呈现高值.研究表明,西沙地区碳酸盐台地受区域相对海平面变化影响更大,说明南海海平面变化既受全球海平面变化的影响,也受南海区域构造沉降的控制. 相似文献
6.
"巫山黄土"是指分布于长江三峡地区的黄土状堆积物,是中国黄土的重要组成部分,具有重要的古气候环境意义.微生物四醚膜脂是反演古气候环境的灵敏指标,为了进一步理解巫山黄土中蕴含的古气候意义,通过测定巫山黄土中微生物醚类化合物（glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers,GDGTs）并分析其分布特征,基于支链GDGTs（bGDGTs）的甲基化指数（methylation index of branched tetraethers,MBT）和环化指数（cyclization ration of branched tetraethers,CBT）重建该地44.4~22.8 ka.BP的古温度年平均气温（mean annual air temperature,MAAT）,MAAT与频率磁化率曲线和北大西洋沉积物有孔虫曲线对比,其变化趋势具有一致性,反映了其指标的可靠性.巫山黄土的陆源输入指数（BIT值,bGDGTs vs.crenarchaeol）在0.5~1.0之间,大部分值接近于1.0,但有几个极低值,分析为干旱事件.根据MAAT和BIT指标,巫山地区在冰期气候有剧烈的波动,在36.2±3.6 ka.BP、26.0±2.7 ka.BP、23.7±2.3 ka.BP时相对比较干旱,推测可能分别对应着H4、H3和H2事件,表明该区气候变化响应全球气候变化. 相似文献
7.
微生物细胞膜脂甘油二烷基甘油四醚（GDGTs）样品在实验室冰箱储存过程中可能会遭受降解，进而对GDGTs各指标应用的准确性产生影响.了解GDGTs各类化合物抗降解能力的差异能够为指标的准确应用提供重要的判别手段.2017年，通过对2012年的石笋样品提取物（GDGTs）进行二次测试，发现GDGTs化合物绝对含量明显减少且各化合物的相对含量变化明显:细菌brGDGTs含量相对于古菌isoGDGTs含量变化较小，对应的干旱化指标Ri/b值略有减小，陆源输入指数BIT值增大，故细菌brGDGTs化合物在保存过程中更稳定；古菌isoGDGTs含环少的化合物变化较小，环化指数CBT值增加，表明少环的化合物在降解过程中更稳定；基于古菌isoGDGTs建立的古温度指标TEX86值显著降低；基于细菌brGDGTs建立的甲基化指数MBT值增加，表明甲基越多的化合物越易降解. 相似文献
8.
《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2015,(6)
依托第3次、第4次、第5次北极科学考察在北极楚科奇海采集的表层沉积物样品,通过碱液连续提取法对生物硅含量进行分析,以探讨楚科奇海的生物硅分布及硅质泵过程。结果显示,楚科奇海表层沉积物中生物硅的含量为1.23%~10.60%。高值区位于楚科奇海陆坡处72°N附近和楚科奇海南部阿纳德尔流和西伯利亚沿岸流的交界处68°N附近,低值区位于楚科奇海东部阿拉斯加沿岸流影响区域,其生物硅含量小于3%。楚科奇海表层沉积物中生物硅的分布与上层水体的初级生产力的分布格局较一致,而影响上层水体浮游植物生产的两个重要因素分别为楚科奇海环流格局(尤其是太平洋入流水的影响)和海冰融化。生物硅和有机碳之间存在很好的正相关关系,表层沉积物中蛋白石/有机碳(Sibio/Corg)的比值为1.6~2.02,与北太平洋中该比例相当,表明上层海洋硅质泵过程对楚科奇海碳埋藏的贡献较大,使得楚科奇海成为全球海洋吸收大气CO2重要的汇之一。 相似文献
9.
2003年夏季中国第二次北极科学考察期间,在北冰洋楚科奇海陆架、楚科奇海台、陆坡流区、门捷列夫海岭和加拿大海盆等不同区域进行了200 m以浅海水和部分观察站沉积物表层叶绿素a浓度的现场观测。结果表明,观测水体叶绿素α浓度变化范围为0.002～39.008 μg/dm3。表层浓度分布范围为0.037～4.644 μg/dm3,平均值为0.612 μg/dm3;高叶绿素α浓度出现在水深20～30 m的次表层水。叶绿素α浓度分布具有明显的区域性特征,水柱平均浓度的次序为楚科奇海陆架区>陆坡流区>楚科奇海台区>加拿大海盆区>门捷列夫海岭区。表层沉积物叶绿素α浓度从未能检出～3.978 μg/g(湿重),平均浓度为0.954 μg/g(湿重),表现为沉积物表层的浓度高于下层,陆架和陆坡流区的浓度高于海岭区以及海台和海盆区的分布特征。 相似文献
10.
《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2015,(6)
依托于2003年第2次北极科学考察航次,对西北冰洋25个表层沉积物样品用高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)进行绿素(chlorin)分析。结果显示,绿素含量值为0.04~125.29μg/g,平均18.92μg/g,远高于世界其他海域。楚科奇海陆架区绿素含量高,表明整体具有高的生产力。高营养盐的阿纳德尔流和白令海陆架流的输入促进了浮游植物的生长,加大了海源有机碳在楚科奇海陆架区的沉积,也加大了沉积绿素的输入。加拿大海盆区绿素含量低,主要因为海盆区营养盐含量低,加上海冰覆盖(光限制),藻类生产力低;另一个因素是,海盆区水深较大,绿素在沉降过程中更容易降解,不易保存在沉积物中。通过上层水柱中叶绿素积分与表层沉积绿素的对比也可以看出,陆架区的生物量普遍高于海盆区。由于时间尺度的不同,楚科奇海上层海洋叶绿素分布(代表瞬时)和表层沉积绿绿素分布(代表几年至十几年平均)存在空间差异。而总有机碳归一化处理后的绿素与有机碳的比值,则与海源有机碳的百分含量有较好的相关性。经过归一化以后的沉积绿素与有机碳比值可以为长时间尺度下北冰洋上层海洋生态环境变化提供重要的信息。 相似文献
11.
Francien Peterse Jung-Hyun Kim Stefan Schouten Dorthe Klitgaard Kristensen Nalân Koç Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté 《Organic Geochemistry》2009,40(6):692-699
Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are membrane lipids of unknown bacteria that are ubiquitous in soil and peat. Two indices based on the distribution of these lipids in soils, the Cyclization of Branched Tetraethers (CBT) and the Methylation of Branched Tetraethers (MBT) indices have been shown to correlate with soil pH, and mean annual air temperature (MAT) and soil pH, respectively, and can be used to reconstruct MAT in palaeoenvironments. To verify the extent to which branched GDGTs in marine sediments reflect the distribution pattern on land and whether these proxies are applicable for palaeoclimate reconstruction in high latitude environments with a MAT of <0 °C, we compared the branched GDGT distribution in Svalbard soils and nearby fjord sediments. Although branched GDGT concentrations in the soil are relatively low (0.02–0.95 μg/g dry weight (dw)) because of the cold climate and the short growing season, reconstructed MATs based on the MBT/CBT proxy are ca. ?4 °C, close to the measured MAT (ca. ?6 °C). Concentrations of branched GDGTs (0.01–0.20 μg/g dw) in fjord sediments increased towards the open ocean and the distribution was strikingly different from that in soil, i.e. dominated by GDGTs with one cyclopentane moiety. This resulted in MBT/CBT-reconstructed MAT values of 11–19 °C, well above measured MAT. The results suggest that at least part of the branched GDGTs in marine sediments in settings with a low soil organic matter (OM) input may be produced in situ. In these cases, the application of the MBT/CBT palaeothermometer will generate unrealistic MAT reconstructions. The MBT/CBT proxy should therefore only be used at sites with a substantial input of soil OM relative to the amount of marine OM, i.e. at sites close to the mouth of rivers with a catchment area where sufficient soil formation takes place and the soil thus contains substantial amounts of branched GDGTs. 相似文献
12.
楚科奇海融冰过程中的海水结构研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
楚科奇海是北冰洋的陆架海,中部凸起的Herald浅滩对海水流动和海冰融化过程有显著影响。利用我国1999年夏季北冰洋考察数据,讨论了楚科奇海海冰融化过程中的海水结构。结果表明,海区内存在2个相继进入的水团,一个是海冰覆盖期进入的阿纳德尔水(AW),具有低温、高盐、高硅酸盐的特点;另一个是海冰融化后进入的白令海陆架水(BSW),具有高温、低盐、低硅酸盐的特点。在开阔水域,表层水温度达到7℃以上,高于当地气温,是当地太阳辐射的加热作用形成的。开阔海域的水体向冰下扩展,表层水温在1℃以上,形成冰下暖水区,加速了海冰的融化;Her-ald浅滩阻挡了海水的流动形成绕流,其北部处于绕流的死角,表层水温在-1℃以下,形成冰下冷水区。在开阔海域,上层海水的混合深度达到15~20 m,而渗入冰下的暖水深度小于5 m,体现了海冰对暖水渗入的阻滞作用。所有海冰覆盖站位10 m层的叶绿素-a含量都很高,表明冰下海水处于浮游植物大量繁殖的状态,有可能对海水吸收热量和海冰融化产生显著的影响。 相似文献
13.
Occurrence and distribution of tetraether membrane lipids in soils: Implications for the use of the TEX86 proxy and the BIT index 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
Johan W.H. Weijers Stefan Schouten Otto C. Spaargaren Jaap S. Sinninghe Damst 《Organic Geochemistry》2006,37(12):1680
A diverse collection of globally distributed soil samples was analyzed for its glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) membrane lipid content. Branched GDGTs, derived from anaerobic soil bacteria, were the most dominant and were found in all soils. Isoprenoid GDGTs, membrane lipids of Archaea, were also present, although in considerably lower concentration. Crenarchaeol, a specific isoprenoid membrane lipid of the non-thermophilic Crenarchaeota, was also regularly detected and its abundance might be related to soil pH. The detection of crenarchaeol in nearly all of the samples is the first report of this type of GDGT membrane lipid in soils and is in agreement with molecular ecological studies, confirming the widespread occurrence of non-thermophilic Crenarchaeota in the terrestrial realm. The fluvial transport of crenarchaeol and other isoprenoid GDGTs to marine and lacustrine environments could possibly bias the BIT index, a ratio between branched GDGTs and crenarchaeol used to determine relative terrestrial organic matter (TOM) input. However, as crenarchaeol in soils is only present in low concentration compared to branched GDGTs, no large effect is expected for the BIT index. The fluvial input of terrestrially derived isoprenoid GDGTs could also bias the TEX86, a proxy used to determine palaeo surface temperatures in marine and lacustrine settings and based on the ratio of cyclopentane-containing isoprenoid GDGTs in marine and lacustrine Crenarchaeota. Indeed, it is shown that a substantial bias in TEX86-reconstructed sea and lake surface temperatures can occur if TOM input is high, e.g. near large river outflows. 相似文献
14.
楚科奇海R12a沉积柱状样500年以来生物标记物记录 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过多参数生物标志物法对取自中国第二次北极考察的R12a岩心顶部40 cm样品进行了浮游植物和种群结构变化的研究,获得了500 a以来浮游植物初级生产力和种群结构变化信息。结果表明:R12a岩心在过去的500多年来,所记录的海洋初级生产力呈上升趋势,单一藻类的生产力总体上也呈现上升趋势。浮游植物种群结构主要表现为颗石藻相对含量下降,硅藻相对含量上升,甲藻没有明显的波动,这可能与北太平洋水输入决定的楚科奇海营养盐结构及夏季海冰覆盖变化有关。 相似文献
15.
Sources and distributions of tetraether lipids in surface sediments across a large river-dominated continental margin 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Chun Zhu Johan W.H. Weijers Thomas WagnerJian-Ming. Pan Jian-Fang ChenRichard D. Pancost 《Organic Geochemistry》2011,42(4):376-386
Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT)-based proxies are increasingly used in modern carbon cycling and palaeoenvironmental investigations. It is therefore crucial to examine the robustness (sources, transport and degradation) of all GDGT-based proxies in continental margins, where sedimentation rates and extent of carbon cycling are high. We have analyzed the distributions of GDGTs in surface sediments from the Lower Yangtze River and East China Sea (ECS) shelf. The results revealed multiple sources and complex shelf processes that govern the distributions. The isoprenoid GDGT-inferred sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are robust and reflect the satellite-derived annual mean SSTs on the shallow ECS shelf, confirming an origin from surface water column-dwelling crenarchaeota. The input from methanogen-sourced, isoprenoid GDGTs is significant in the river surface sediments but they are almost absent from the ECS shelf. Branched GDGTs are also abundant in the river sediments, but ca. 95% are degraded in the Yangtze estuary, a much greater extent than observed for other terrigenous organic matter (OM) proxies. There is also evidence for production of branched GDGTs in the oxic ECS shelf water column and the anoxic sediments/waters of the Lower Yangtze River. As a result, branched GDGT-based proxies in the lower river and ECS surface sediments do not reflect the catchment environmental conditions. The effective degradation in the estuary and widespread aquatic contributions of branched GDGTs improves our understanding of how to use branched GDGT-based proxies in marginal seas. 相似文献
16.
Selective preservation of soil organic matter in oxidized marine sediments (Madeira Abyssal Plain) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Carme Huguet Gert J. de Lange Jack J. Middelburg Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté Stefan Schouten 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(24):6061-6068
In ocean margin sediments both marine and terrestrial organic matter (OM) are buried but the factors governing their relative preservation and degradation are not well understood. In this study, we analysed the degree of preservation of marine isoprenoidal and soil-derived branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) upon long-term oxygen exposure in OM-rich turbidites from the Madeira Abyssal Plain by analyzing GDGT concentrations across oxidation fronts. Relative to the anoxic part of the turbidites ca. 7-20% of the soil-derived branched GDGTs were preserved in the oxidized part while only 0.2-3% of the marine isoprenoid GDGT crenarchaeol was preserved. Due to these different preservation factors the Branched Isoprenoid Tetraether (BIT) index, a ratio between crenarchaeol and the major branched GDGTs that is used as a tracer for soil-derived organic matter, substantially increases from 0.02 to 0.4. Split Flow Thin Cell (SPLITT) separation of turbidite sediments showed that the enhanced preservation of soil-derived carbon was a general phenomenon across the fine particle size ranges (<38 μm). Calculations reveal that, despite their relatively similar chemical structures, degradation rates of crenarchaeol are 2-fold higher than those of soil-derived branched GDGTs, suggesting preferential soil OM preservation possibly due to matrix protection. 相似文献
17.
格陵兰海海冰外缘线变化特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
格陵兰海作为北冰洋的边缘海之一,容纳了北极输出的海冰,其海冰外缘线的变化既受北极海冰输出量的影响,也受局地海冰融化和冻结过程的影响。利用2003年1月到2011年6月AMSR-E卫星亮温数据反演的海冰密集度产品,对格陵兰海海冰外缘线的变化特征进行了分析。结果表明,格陵兰海海冰外缘线不仅存在一年的变化周期,还存在比较显著的半年变化周期,与海冰在春秋两季向岸收缩有关。格陵兰海冬季的海冰外缘线极大值呈逐年下降的趋势,体现了北极增暖导致的冬季海冰范围减小;而夏季海冰外缘线离岸距离的极小值呈上升趋势,表明夏季来自北冰洋的海冰输出量增大。2003—2004年是格陵兰海夏季海冰融化最严重的2年。2007年北冰洋夏季海冰覆盖范围达到历史最小;而格陵兰海夏季的最小海冰范围最大,表明2007年北冰洋海冰的输出量大于其他年份。此外,夏季格陵兰岛冰雪融化形成的地表径流对海冰外缘线有一定的影响。对海冰外缘线影响最大的不是格陵兰海的局地风场,而是弗拉姆海峡(Fram Strait)区域的经向风,它直接驱动了北冰洋海冰向格陵兰海的输运,进而对格陵兰海海冰外缘线的分布产生滞后的影响。 相似文献
18.
Nie Hongtao Wang Rui Zhao Wei Luo Xiaofan Qi Di Lu Youyu Zhang Yuanhui Wei Hao 《地球科学进展》2017,32(10):1084-1092
Challenged by the enormous pressure to reduce the global carbon emission, it is expected that the Arctic Ocean could absorb additional atmospheric CO2 with the retreating of sea-ice. The Chukchi Sea and adjacent waters, characterized by the highest carbon fixation in the global ocean and large carbon flux into the deep-ocean for sequestration, make substantial contributions to carbon cycling in the entire Arctic Ocean. Understanding the response mechanism of carbon cycling in this region to the rapidly changing environment is the foundation for the prediction of carbon sink in the Arctic Ocean. However, the response of carbon absorption and storage to climate change is still controversial, and the main controlling factors of the carbon cycle process remain unclear.Thus, to establish high-resolution coupled ocean-ice-carbon models can explore the influence of sea ice retreat on atmospheric CO2 and the vertical sinking carbon fluxes in Chukchi Sea, estimate the effectiveness of growing inflow and slope upwelling on carbon sink/source patterns, discuss the response of deep-ocean carbon sequestration to the changing environment, and evaluate the effectiveness of continental shelf pump in the Chukchi Sea as well as its role in the global carbon sink. Based on the challenge for the research of the Chukchi Sea carbon cycle research with rapidly changing climate, the basic ideas of establishing Arctic Ocean carbon cycling model as well as its key scientific issues to be resolved were proposed. 相似文献
19.
白令海楚科奇海的海冰范围变化特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
白令海和楚科奇海位于北极太平洋一侧的海冰外缘线附近,具有较强烈的气冰海相互作用.采用滑动t检验和小波分析方法对白令海和楚科奇海1953—2004年海冰范围的年际变化、年代际变化和总体趋势变化进行分析.结果表明:20世纪70年代后期,海冰范围在白令海存在显著的均值突变现象,而楚科奇海在对应阶段则表现为更明显的变频现象;在突变点前后两个时段里,阿留申低压中心低压加强、核心位置偏移以及对应风场分布的变化是导致白令海海冰范围明显缩小的主要动力原因.楚科奇海海冰范围的年际变化中存在由低频向高频变化的现象,该现象除了在局地气温变化中存在之外,在北冰洋区域风涡度、波弗特海纬向风、东西伯利亚海经向风等动力因素中也有所体现.因此,除热力因素外,动力因素引起的海冰的平流与该变频现象也存在一定的联系. 相似文献
20.
Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are increasingly used as proxies for paleoclimate studies of marine and lacustrine environments. While GDGT-based proxies have been applied to a number of lake environments globally, little is known about the distribution of GDGTs on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We have investigated the isoprenoid GDGTs (iGDGTs) and branched GDGTs (bGDGTs) in Lake Qinghai sediments and the surrounding surface soil in order to examine their potential use as paleoclimate proxies on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results show that (i) the values of the iGDGT/bGDGT ratio for surrounding soil were at the higher end among globally distributed soils and consequently BIT values (avg. 0.71) at the lower end, (ii) the TEX86 values decreased while the MBT and CBT values increased along an onshore soil–nearshore sediment–offshore sediment transect, (iii) the TEX86 values for the offshore sediments were almost identical and their inferred temperatures were close to mean summer surface water temperature and (iv) the bGDGT-inferred mean annual air temperature (MAAT) and pH for soil were consistent with measured MAAT and pH. However, the CBT-inferred pH for offshore sediments seemed inconsistent with the pH of lake water or sediment. Our results suggest that (i) the higher pH may be an important factor leading to the higher iGDGT/bGDGT values (and lower BIT values) in surrounding surface soil, (ii) both iGDGTs and bGDGTs may originate from terrestrial input and in situ production for this saline lake, especially for nearshore sediments. However, for offshore sediments, terrestrial iGDGT input seems minor, and TEX86 may be useful for paleoclimate studies of Lake Qinghai. 相似文献