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1.
在山东青岛和日照滨岸潮间带可见到现代生物营造的各种遗迹。通过分析这些生物遗迹与其沉积背景的关系,取得以下成果: (1)研究区生物遗迹中,层面遗迹以腹足类动物的拖迹为主,层内遗迹以居住迹丰度最高,且类型多样。(2)建立了2个生物遗迹组合: 一是高潮区组合,主要遗迹类型包括珠带拟蟹守螺拖迹、沙蚕的拖迹、摄食迹和居住迹、四角蛤的居住迹、弹涂鱼的爬行迹和居住迹、鸭嘴海豆芽的居住迹以及螃蟹的居住迹和摄食迹;该组合产生的沉积物底层具有含泥量较高,水、氧、有机质含量均较丰富及基底较稳固等特点。二是中低潮区组合,主要由斑玉螺的拖迹和停息迹、扁玉螺的爬行迹和停息迹、寄居蟹的爬行迹、长竹蛏的居住迹、虾蛄的爬行迹和居住迹、鸭嘴海豆芽的居住迹以及螃蟹的居住迹和摄食迹组成;该组合产生的沉积物底层具有含泥量较低、粒度较粗、间隙水不易保存、有机质含量低等特点;研究区潮间带为急剧多变的海洋环境,该遗迹组合可指示温带季风气候条件下的海洋潮间带沉积环境。(3)通过分析各种造迹生物及其遗迹的组成和空间分布特征以及其与底层沉积物和沉积环境的关系,建立了研究区潮间带沉积中的生物遗迹组合及其沉积环境分布模式。 相似文献
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《古地理学报》2017,(4)
在山东青岛和日照滨岸潮间带可见到现代生物营造的各种遗迹。通过分析这些生物遗迹与其沉积背景的关系,取得以下成果:(1)研究区生物遗迹中,层面遗迹以腹足类动物的拖迹为主,层内遗迹以居住迹丰度最高,且类型多样。(2)建立了2个生物遗迹组合:一是高潮区组合,主要遗迹类型包括珠带拟蟹守螺拖迹、沙蚕的拖迹、摄食迹和居住迹、四角蛤的居住迹、弹涂鱼的爬行迹和居住迹、鸭嘴海豆芽的居住迹以及螃蟹的居住迹和摄食迹;该组合产生的沉积物底层具有含泥量较高,水、氧、有机质含量均较丰富及基底较稳固等特点。二是中低潮区组合,主要由斑玉螺的拖迹和停息迹、扁玉螺的爬行迹和停息迹、寄居蟹的爬行迹、长竹蛏的居住迹、虾蛄的爬行迹和居住迹、鸭嘴海豆芽的居住迹以及螃蟹的居住迹和摄食迹组成;该组合产生的沉积物底层具有含泥量较低、粒度较粗、间隙水不易保存、有机质含量低等特点;研究区潮间带为急剧多变的海洋环境,该遗迹组合可指示温带季风气候条件下的海洋潮间带沉积环境。(3)通过分析各种造迹生物及其遗迹的组成和空间分布特征以及其与底层沉积物和沉积环境的关系,建立了研究区潮间带沉积中的生物遗迹组合及其沉积环境分布模式。 相似文献
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杭州湾庵东滨岸潮间带软底质沉积中发现的造迹动物有泥螺、珠带拟蟹守螺、弹涂鱼、宁波泥蟹、沙蚕、竹蛏、虹光亮樱蛤、海葵以及鸟类和植物等,包括软体动物、节肢动物、环节动物、脊索动物、腔肠动物等5个动物门类,共计8属,营造的生物遗迹主要有运动迹（爬迹、拖迹、足辙迹）、居住迹、觅食迹（进食迹）、生殖迹、停息迹、排泄迹、逃逸迹以及鸟类足迹和植物根迹等。分析表明潮间带不同的沉积环境,造迹生物及其遗迹的主要类型、空间分布、丰度、多样性具有明显的差异。1）研究区潮间带不同的沉积环境,造迹生物种类与分布不同,其遗迹的主要类型和分布特征具有明显的差异性,高潮区沉积物主要是富含有机质的砂质泥,生物遗迹包括珠带拟蟹守螺拖迹、停息迹和生殖迹,泥螺拖迹和停息迹,宁波泥蟹的觅食迹、居住迹和足辙迹,沙蚕的拖迹、觅食迹、居住迹和排泄迹,弹涂鱼的爬行迹和居住迹,以及鸟类足迹和植物根迹,其中层面遗迹以珠带拟蟹守螺的拖迹、沙蚕拖迹和觅食迹丰度最高,层内遗迹以沙蚕居住潜穴丰度最高,分布面积最广,扰动程度强烈,宁波泥蟹居住潜穴局部密集,扰动程度强烈,植物根迹密集,深度可达50~60 cm,这些生物遗迹常与平行直脊波痕和干涉波痕共生。中潮区沉积物主要由灰色粉砂和含砂粉砂构成,含水率较高,植被较稀疏。中潮区平坦的潮坪上生物遗迹主要由虹光亮樱蛤的居住潜穴和竹蛏的居住潜穴和摄食迹组成,丰度较高,具有少量泥螺拖迹以及植物根迹和鸟足迹。在中潮区潮沟两侧,沉积物颗粒较细,常见珠带拟蟹守螺的拖迹,宁波泥蟹的居住潜穴、足辙迹,弹涂鱼的爬迹。中潮区潮坪上多发育舌型波痕,生物遗迹多与舌型波痕共生。低潮区沉积物主要是灰色粉砂和粉砂质砂,含水率高,多为汤底,无植被,常见遗迹主要是虹光亮樱蛤的居住潜穴,竹蛏的居住潜穴以及少量海葵居住潜穴。2）沉积物的粒度、含水率影响遗迹的清晰度;3）由于受潮水、波浪运动的冲刷作用,沉积物表面的遗迹易被破坏,保存率极低,底内动物的居住潜穴保存率相对较高。该研究不仅为杭州湾潮间带沉积环境研究提供了新的现代生物遗迹信息,而且也可为古代强潮河口湾潮间带沉积环境中的古遗迹学研究提供借鉴。 相似文献
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居住环境中的高氡浓度会影响居民的身体健康，近年来，住宅中氡水平的调查已引起广泛重视。本文通过几个地区的几组实测结果，介绍了印度居住环境中氡水平的调查与评价。 相似文献
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张某于1972年6月22日,经A镇政府批准获得一宗面积为二百平方米的宅基地,后建瓦房三间居住。因其夫B在H市工作,便随夫到H市生活（户口未变）,原宅三间瓦房交给夫弟D居住。1988年,B、D经过协商,B同意将房、地半数以2500元价格转让给D使用,协议载明：如果B退休回家居住,由D负责退还一间半房屋给B居住;如果不回家居住,房屋及宅基地归D家,也不再付钱。 相似文献
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沉积物中的生物遗迹记录是生物与环境相互作用的结果,是沉积环境及生态环境的良好指示标志。通过野外观察和实验室研究方法（取样,粒度分析,CT扫描及三维重构等技术）,研究了黄河三角洲潮坪环境现代生物遗迹的组成与分布特征。取得了以下几点认识:1）潮坪各个微环境中现代生物遗迹的分布有很大的差异性。现代生物遗迹主要分布在潮间带中,并且,从泥坪到混合坪到砂坪依次减少。潮上带主要有日本大眼蟹的层面进食迹和层内U形、Y形、多分叉形的居住潜穴。潮间带的泥坪中有大量日本大眼蟹的层面进食迹和层内U形、Y形、多分叉的居住潜穴,少量双齿围沙蚕的层面爬行迹,觅食迹,和层内的垂直、Y形居住潜穴,跳跳鱼的层面爬行迹,泥螺的层面拖迹,红带织纹螺的层面觅食迹;混合坪中有大量双齿围沙蚕的层面爬行迹,觅食迹和层内的垂直、Y形居住潜穴,少量日本大眼蟹的层面进食迹和层内U形、Y形、多分叉的居住潜穴,托氏昌螺的层面觅食迹,四角蛤的垂直潜穴,少量豆形拳蟹的层面爬行迹和层内Y形居住潜穴,泥螺的层面拖迹;砂坪中有竹蛏的垂直进食和居住潜穴,棒锥螺的觅食迹,以及秀丽织纹螺的觅食迹。2）对日本大眼蟹、双齿围沙蚕和四角蛤所造的层内潜穴,进行了三维重构,为精细研究这些潜穴的建构特征提供了图像基础。 相似文献
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我国牧区总面积达到国土面积的40％以上,主要分布在西部与北部,由于地理位置以及气候条件的限制,牧区形成了居住分散、相隔较远的居住特点,这就造成了供水工程小,供水点分散的供水局面,使得牧区的供水水平低于内地农村,牧民的基本生活用水量以及水质等问题突出,主要表现为水量保证率低、供水工程落后、经营管理体制不健全以及供水点不足... 相似文献
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针对中低收入家庭的住房保障这一重大社会问题,研究保障性住房设计,已成为建筑师所面临的现实任务。方案＂民居·庭院·住宅＂,以弘扬民居传统文化为设计理念,提出创造以人为本、融入自然、高科技含量、低成本高质量的特色时代住宅,进而保障中低收入家庭平等的居住权利。 相似文献
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Seong-Kyu Ha 《GeoJournal》2001,53(1):39-45
The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to analyze the Joint Redevelopment Project (JRP), a housing renewal program in low-income residential communities, and second, to develop a community-based approach to urban redevelopment in Korea. In urban areas of Korea, particularly in Seoul, housing renewal has systematically reduced the supply of substandard housing in the areas where low-income families have concentrated, thereby isolating and marginalizing the displaced tenants. Housing renewal or urban redevelopment projects are basically profit-oriented rather than upgrading-oriented for a community by means of community dynamics and residents' participation. Although many renewal projects have contributed to the increase of homeowners among middle-income families who had enough financial resources for the purchase of a house, there have been no programs giving sufficient consideration to tenants. In fact, most renewal projects displaced low-income residents affected by housing speculation and attracted more middle-income families into the projects.For local governments, a community-based approach to urban policy means encouraging comprehensive planning and cooperation between governments and communities. It is a holistic approach built around families and communities. We need to use a learning and enabling process in order to develop a community-based approach to redevelopment in urban areas of Korea. 相似文献
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Sophie Oldfield 《Geoforum》2004,35(2):189-201
The paper addresses the question of racial integration in Delft South, a desegregated low-income neighbourhood in Cape Town developed through the provision of state funded housing to families previously classified coloured and African. Through a qualitative analysis, the research examines the effect relocation has had on the racial character of economic and social networks around which resident families construct their everyday activities. In light of the importance of race in shaping these networks, the paper then examines the relationship between access to housing and practices of social and spatial integration, in particular organisation of and participation in street- and neighbourhood-level organisations. I demonstrate that in Delft South legacies of segregation persist in residents’ reliance on economic and social networks built on long, durable histories and geographies of racial segregation. Although physical relocation has not led to a lessening of the importance of racial identities, other identities built around issues such as neighbourhood norms, housing politics, and issues of criminality and legality manifest according to circumstances and residents’ interests. Context and situation therefore are significant for whether and to what degree race and place matter in the post-apartheid context. 相似文献
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Nabil Kamel 《Geoforum》2012,43(3):453-463
This paper reveals the contingent aspect associated with the actualization of a neoliberal space. The paper examines the material, institutional, and economic conditions necessary for a neoliberal agenda to transform its urban policy objectives into a material reality. The study follows changes in housing conditions in Santa Monica, California from 1990 to 2008. During this period, the confluence of three sets of events led to the actualization of a neoliberal space. First, housing damage from the 1994 Northridge earthquake removed “dead capital” from the housing sector. Second, subsequent administrative actions at the local level and more importantly deregulation legislation at the state level eliminated rent control regulations and created market incentives that favored upscale development. Finally, the state’s economic recovery generated a substantial flow of private investments into the real estate market. These combined factors led not only to the dismantling of affordable housing in Santa Monica, but also to the erosion of residents’ and local authorities’ ability to manage housing choices and, consequently, to a historic restructuring of Santa Monica’s physical and social space. These changes had a disproportionately and negative effect on low-income and minority renters. 相似文献
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This paper discusses social network interactions among individuals who have been hospitalized with mental illness and who currently reside in different types of community housing programmes. First, a conceptualisation of social networks that focuses on network interactions, both supportive and non-supportive, between network interactions may be more important influences on successful or unsuccessful adaptation of current and former psychiatric patients to community life than the structural dimensions of social networks more commonly analysed in the literature. The design of a current longitudinal study of social network interactions is presented. The results of two pilot studies that examine social network interactions is presented. The results of two pilot studies that examine social network interactions with data from several community housing programmes in southern Ontario, Canada are reviewed and an agenda is stated for further data collection and analysis. 相似文献
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Sasha Tsenkova 《GeoJournal》2014,79(4):433-447
The paper provides an overview of trends and processes of change affecting new social housing provision in Prague and Warsaw. The local responses are reviewed within the context of changes to the national housing system defining the performance of municipal and non-profit housing sectors. The research analyses the mix of policy instruments implemented in three major policy domains—regulatory, fiscal and financial—to promote the production of new social housing in the two cities. The system of new social housing provision is examined as a dynamic process of interaction between public and private institutions defining housing policy outcomes. The outcomes are evaluated through a series of indicators related to housing output, stability of investment, differentiation of rents, affordability and choice. The overview demonstrates how significant shifts in regulatory and fiscal policy, coupled with decentralization of responsibilities for social housing, limit the opportunities for more efficient performance in the sector and its growth. This is particularly evident in Warsaw, where the sector operates as a social safety net. New social housing in both cities has better quality and remains affordable, but access is constrained and waiting times have increased. The research highlights the problem of declining output, dwindling financial resources, and lack of cost recovery due to universal rent control. This is eroding the sustainability of social housing, potentially leading to lower investment and subsequent privatisation. In Warsaw, housing allowances are a municipal responsibility making the liberalization of rents difficult, while Prague has moved in the direction of rent deregulation with a more robust system of means-tested housing support provided by the central government. Such policy choices map a different trajectory for the future of social housing. 相似文献
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Nicola Morrison 《GeoJournal》2000,51(4):339-349
This paper provides an overview of the current literature on why difficulties are being experienced in letting social housing within England. The first part of the paper focuses on whether the management of the social housing stock, and in particular the current allocation system, has contributed to the growing number of difficult to let (DTL) properties in the social sector. Drawing on findings from in-depth interviews with twenty local authorities, the paper provides evidence to support this argument and also highlights a number of initiatives which authorities have adopted to fill DTL properties. However, the paper argues that these initiatives are likely to have limited value in the long run in stemming the fall in demand for social housing, particularly in the North of England. The second part of the paper focuses on the changing aspirations of tenants and the way that social housing is in competition with alternative forms to housing provision, such as private rented housing. It concludes by advocating that an appropriate response to difficulties in letting social housing has to go beyond internal housing management initiatives. Instead a more strategic approach needs to be adopted which builds up an understanding of the operation of the local housing market and the complex interaction of neighbourhoods. 相似文献
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Peter M. Ward 《Geoforum》1976,7(5-6)
The paper describes spatially the zonal movements of residents to three squatter settlements established at different time periods in Mexico City. In addition, moves are related to the dynamics of the low income housing system and previous theories of intra-city squatter migration behaviour are evaluated. The data corroborate the concept that the traditionally accepted pattern of centre to periphery, tenement to squatter settlement movements has altered. Direct movement into the periphery on the part of incoming migrants is increasingly important, and older established squatter areas are the most important suppliers of population in recent invasions. The implications for the distribution and structure of housing opportunities for future low-income populations in Mexico City are discussed. 相似文献
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Hans Thor Andersen 《GeoJournal》1998,46(1):7-16
This article examines socio-spatial changes resulting from economic and social restructuring in Copenhagen in recent decades. The main features of these changes have involved a sharp decline in manufacturing employment, a rise in the participation of women in the labour market, increasing unemployment among unskilled workers, a growing number of immigrants in obsolete dwellings and social housing estates, a relative decline in the number of families, and a growth in the numbers of single parent households. Do these changes challenge the classic models of segregation, or can they still be considered valid? Empirical evidence is produced concerning the socio-spatial effect of these changes in Copenhagen. The conclusion is that the classical model of social segregation is still valid, although some additional dimensions must be included. Furthermore, the overall socio-spatial structure of Copenhagen remains relatively intact, largely because of the inertia of the urban landscape and its social relations. However, the radical nature of the restructuring processes can also be called into question. 相似文献
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Since 1984 the New Zealand economy has experienced a significant phase of economic restructuring which has had a differential impact on various sectors, regions and social groups within the economy. This paper examines the extent to which economic change has affected the marginalized status of Maori households in the predominantly rural region of Northland. The social implications of economic restructuring are assessed by focusing on the housing circumstances of this indigenous people. Using a newly developed Maori housing database, we argue that relatively progressive housing policies, developed in the 1980s, have failed to address the housing problems of Maori and that the recent reliance on ‘market’ mechanisms to meet housing needs is likely to exacerbate problems of housing access and cost. 相似文献