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1.
岩石—土壤—植被(红背山麻杆、裸花紫珠)间的元素迁移——以广西巴马岩溶石山地区为例 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
通过对碳酸盐岩与土壤、碳酸盐岩与红背山麻杆、裸花紫珠及土壤与红背山麻杆、裸花紫珠间的元素相关分析,发现:(1)碳酸盐岩和土壤的元素存在高度的相关关系,从岩石到土壤,元素迁移顺序总体表现为:CaO＞MgO＞Na2O＞P2O5＞MnO＞Pb＞Zr＞Fe2O3＞TiO2＞SiO2＞Al2O3;(2)土壤与两种检测植物的元素也存在较高的相关性,并且两种检测植物还表现出基本相似的土壤元素生物吸收系数,即:红背山麻杆的土壤元素生物吸收系数顺序为:P＞Ca＞Fe＞K＞Na＞Mn＞Pb＞Al＞Mg＞Zr＞Ti＞SiO2,裸花紫珠的为:P＞K＞Fe＞Na＞Ca＞Mn＞Al＞Pb＞Mg＞Zr＞Ti＞SiO2;(3)植物中的常量元素由岩石中的常量元素所决定,在同样的岩性基底上,不同植物体内富集、累积而成的元素结构有着较高的一致性。 相似文献
2.
论南方岩溶山区生态环境的元素有效态 总被引：29，自引：9，他引：20
岩溶环境的元素有效态应当考虑土壤固体、岩溶水、土壤水三种载体。岩溶区富钙偏碱的地球化学背景使土壤中的元素有效态含量较低,但相对来说,岩石背景含量高的元素,其土壤中的有效态含量也明显较高。南方岩溶区强烈的岩溶作用,不但使岩石和土壤中可溶性的Ca、Mg、Na、K大量溶解于水中,而且,某些难溶元素,如Si、Al、Fe、Mn等在岩溶水和土壤水中也有一定的离子含量,使之成为植物中元素的一部分来源。 相似文献
3.
岩溶区原始林土壤微量元素含量与有效特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以贵州茂兰、海南俄贤岭、云南西双版纳勐远仙境国家公园和绿石林自然保护区内具有典型岩溶地貌特征的原始林为研究对象,调查岩溶原始林地土壤4种微量元素（Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn）全量和有效态含量。结果表明,岩溶区原始林地土壤全铜、全铁、全锰和全锌含量分别为0.03~0.08 g·kg-1、35.6~57.4 g·kg-1、0.74~5.83 g·kg-1和0.13~1.03 g·kg-1,均超过国家背景值的平均值。研究区土壤Cu、Fe、Mn和Zn有效态含量分别为1.09~3.51 mg·kg-1、11.6~62.9 mg·kg-1、48.3~173 mg·kg-1和4.17~37.6 mg·kg-1,根据土壤微量元素有效态评价标准,4种微量元素有效态含量均处于较高水平。原始林地土壤Cu、Fe、Mn和Zn的活化率均值分别为5.48%、0.10%、6.44%、4.19%,表明岩溶区森林土壤Cu、Mn和Zn供素水平高,Fe供素水平低。4个原始林地土壤微量元素有效性综合指数（Et）为茂兰（21.0）>绿石林（12.8）≈勐远（12.7）>俄贤岭（5.15）,且Et与全氮和有机碳含量呈显著的正相关。 相似文献
4.
广西木论两种珍稀濒危植物的元素背景值比较 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
着重分析了木论喀斯特林区珍稀濒危植物单性木兰和翠柏两种植物中13种元素的背景值,同时分析了这两种植物内的元素迁移。单性木兰和翠柏体内的元素含量顺序较相似,并且同一元素在两种植物体内的含量也较相似,但单性木兰的Si含量要比翠柏的高,而Cu的含量比翠柏的低。单性木兰和翠柏对大多数元素有较强的吸收能力,两种植物对N,P,Ca ,Cu的归还系数相似,单性木兰K,Al的归还系数比翠柏的高,但Mg,Si,Fe,Zn的归还系数比翠柏的低。单性木兰和翠柏的归还系数与吸收系数相似,说明这两种植物具有相似的地球化学特征,元素的吸收和归还处于动态的平衡之中。 相似文献
5.
不同碳酸盐岩和土层厚度下土壤微生物数量及生物量的研究——以贵阳市花溪区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
碳酸盐岩发育土壤的厚度变幅大,通过野外挖掘调查,在贵阳市花溪区分薄土、中土及厚土3种土层类型研究喀斯特地区不同土层厚度下微生物数量及生物量,结果表明:随着土层厚度的增加,土壤的细菌、真菌、放线菌及微生物总数逐渐增加;细菌在土壤微生物中占据了绝对优势,在石灰岩及白云岩发育土壤的各土层中分别占88.13%、85.71%、87.36%、85.00%及77.78%;石灰岩发育的土壤从薄土到厚土微生物量碳（C）、氮（N）、磷（P）的含量逐渐增加,分别增加15.15 mg·kg-1、2.82 mg·kg-1、0.18 mg·kg-1,白云岩从薄土到中土微生物量C、N、P的含量分别增加5.13 mg·kg-1、0.39 mg·kg-1、0.10 mg·kg-1;在同等厚度下石灰岩发育的土壤微生物量N、P含量明显低于白云岩发育的土壤,中土中差异最大,分别相差0.90 mg·kg-1和0.21 mg·kg-1,而石灰岩发育土壤的中土中微生物量C的含量则高于白云岩发育的土壤,高17.31 mg·kg-1;探讨相关性,pH值对微生物量C、P有显著影响（p<0.05）,全P含量对微生物量P有极显著影响（p<0.01）。 相似文献
6.
对山东菏泽定陶地区进行土壤地球化学研究,利用AFS820原子荧光光度计和2100 DV电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪,测定土壤元素的种类和含量。对区内土壤元素的含量特征进行分析,元素迁移转化规律研究及对元素的地球化学等级划分。结果表明:①研究区表层土壤中养份元素K和Ca均与植物的长势成正相关;②深层土壤元素(S、K、Fe、Ca、N、Mn、Cu、Mo等)与植物的长势相关性较小;③植物(山药)对土壤中V、Mn、Zn、Sr、Se、I、Ni元素需求较多;④Ca、N、Mn、Cu、Ni、Co、P、B、Sb、F元素的K值(深层土壤/表层土壤)较高。 相似文献
7.
8.
以梵净山西麓印江县紫薇镇古茶树立地剖面上的岩石和土壤为研究对象，使用ICP-MS和ICP-AES测定21种元素的含量，分析古茶树立地岩石-土壤系统的地球化学特征，以期为印江县古茶树保护及开发提供科学依据。结果表明：古茶树生长地岩石-土壤系统的主量、微量和重金属元素富集程度低（EF <3），受人为因素影响程度小，可为古茶树提供安全的生长环境。其中主量元素K和Al在岩石-土壤系统中含量丰富，Ca、Mg、Na元素含量较少，符合茶树喜钾嫌钙的生理特征；微量元素在岩石-土壤系统中含量变化均匀，但与地球化学丰度值和中国土壤背景值相比，其含量较少；重金属元素含量均低于无公害农产品种植业产地环境条件限定值。同时研究发现该岩土系统中Se元素含量丰富，可为当地发展富硒茶提供参考。 相似文献
9.
文章对采自贵州从低海拔的东部到高海拔的西部且大致平行的石灰岩和砂岩两地带均生长的3种C4草本植物,即巴茅(Miscanthusfloridulus)、白茅(Imperatacylindrica)和类芦(Neyraudiareynaudiana),以及相对应的土壤表层样品,进行了营养元素和C同位素组成分析;研究营养元素含量随着海拔的不同而出现的变化趋势,以及这些元素之间的相互协变作用,尤其是Ca和N之间的相互协变作用对植物的N含量、C/N比值和δ13C值的影响,以了解植物的C/N比值(指示植物残留物质量的一种标志)与土壤有机C积累的关系。研究结果表明,植物的N含量和δ13C值具有随海拔的上升而显著增大趋势,而植物的C/N比值在砂岩地区虽有减小的趋势,在石灰岩地带则没有。对所研究的C4草本植物来说,在土壤pH值为5.8的中性条件下显示出Ca的最大吸收,因此,Ca与其他营养元素之间的协变模式在两种土壤类型中表现出相反的倾向,并存在土壤交换性Ca的边界浓度:当土壤可交换性Ca的含量为2.24mg/g,相应土壤的pH值在5.8以下时,随着土壤可交换性Ca浓度的增大,植物的N含量上升,而植物的C/N比值会显著降低;当Ca在边界浓度以上时,随着土壤可交换性Ca浓度的增大,植物的N含量下降,而植物的C/N比值有增加的趋势。由此可见,植物残留物的N含量和C/N比值受Ca元素含量的相 相似文献
10.
富碱斑岩带分布较广,目前对其风化过程中的元素地球化学行为研究较少。笔者等以滇中姚安富碱斑岩为例,通过对其化学风化过程的研究,有助于了解富碱斑岩成土过程中元素富集贫化控制因素,丰富碱性岩浆岩风化成土理论。笔者等分析了富碱斑岩风化过程中的矿物风化特征、元素含量分布特征、化学风化趋势、元素迁移富集特征及主控因素,结果表明：富碱斑岩各风化层元素含量与基岩具有继承性,体现了原位风化的特征,符合北亚热带季风气候下云南境内上扬子地块岩石的风化特征;与大陆上地壳组成（UCC）相比,风化成土过程中Ca、Na、K等阳离子强烈淋失亏损,Fe、Al富集;化学风化过程主要发生脱Ca、Na、K、Mg、Si与富Al、Fe作用,风化早期主要为去Ca、去Na过程,风化中、晚期为去K、去Mg、富Al、富Fe过程,并伴随着强烈的脱硅作用;结合迁移系数,常量元素活动性强弱顺序为：Ca>Na>K>Mg>Si>Al>Fe;微量元素地球化学行为一方面主要受地球化学性质相似的常量元素行为控制,另一方面Al、Fe氧化物/氢氧化物和受黏土矿物吸附作用的影响,Sm、Nb、Sc、Th、Ti、U、Y、Cu、Cr、Ni随风化原地残余富集,Ba、Rb、Sr与K、Na、Ca、Mg等常量元素行为一致,随风化而淋失迁出。 相似文献
11.
The purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate the geochemical characteristics of the limestone of the Upper Cretaceous Mortas Formation and related terra rossa in a 50 km2 area which is located 20 km south of the city of Seydisehir, Central Anatolia, by using data obtained from the ICP-MS analysis of randomly collected 42 samples of limestone and 18 samples of the terra rossa.The limestone of the Mortas Formation is composed of fossilliferous, gray-cream colored, medium to thick bedded, partially dolomitic carbonate rocks, and generally has dismicrite, intrapelmicrite composition. It includes the largest bauxite reservior in Turkey and has many occurences of terra rossa formation on it. According to mean distance, the Ba, Be, Hg, Mo, Nb, Sb and Th concentrations in the limestones overlying and underlying the bauxite deposits are different, but the main oxides, REE and other trace elements are same. In factor analysis, the first component reflects relative enrichment of clay against to CaO contents of the limestone, the second component corresponds to the degree of dolomitization. The PAAS-normalized REEs pattern for the Mortas Formation limestone samples illustrate similar main features as seawater.The terra rossa soils in the study area are considered to be highly weathered and weakly mature soil with respect to their generally low Al2O3 (21%), but high CaO (2%) contents, and their alteration indices. The element ratios in the terra rossa and limestone show that in the process of the transformation from limestone to terra rossa, Ba, Si, Ti, Al and Fe were enriched together by staying in-situ. Except Ce, all lanthanides show similar behavior, but the HREE, which were richer in limestone, were consumed fast relative to the LREE during soil formation. The association and the enrichment of Co, Cu, Cr, Ni and Pb as well as Ba, Zr, Ga, Nb and Rb in soil relative to the limestone are interpreted as being resulted from eolian transportation. Ca, Au, Hg, Sr, Se, Sb, Mo, Ag, U, Cd and Na were found to be the most mobile elements during pedogenic transformation. According to main oxide composition ratios of the limestone and terra rossa, the soils were described as representing a well washed soil completing the leaching and accumulation phase, but not totally completing the silicate weathering phase. In the processes of soil formation, 97.76% of the limestone was washed away; only 2.24% of limestone was deposited as soil. Therefore, 61 times mass reduction was realized. 相似文献
12.
The mobilization, redistribution and fractionation of trace elements during chemical weathering processes have been investigated on a 4.05 m thick terra rossa profile overlying dolomite on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, in Southwest China. In this in situ weathering profile, the ferromanganese concretions and the gibbsite spots coexist in the terra rossa saprolite. The mass-balance evaluation reveals that titanium, Nb and Hf in the terra rossa matrix are conservative elements during chemical weathering compared to Zr. The elements of Li, Sc, V, Cr, Fe, Ga, As, Mo, Cs, Ce, Ta, Tl, Pb and Th in the terra rossa matrix include additions from external sources. Beryllium, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Rb, Ba and La are depleted in the shallow parts of the terra rossa profile and enriched in the deep parts. The elements of Zn, Sr, Y, Cd, Sn and U in the terra rossa profile are lost during weathering. Compared to the terra rossa matrix, the ferromanganese concretions are significantly enriched in most trace elements, especially Mn, Co, Cd, Ce, Tl and Pb. In contrast, the gibbsite spots are depleted in all trace elements, except for U. The results regarding specific inter-element relationships indicate that most trace elements have different inter-element relationships in the ferromanganese concretions, the gibbsite spots and the terra rossa matrix. This suggests that the behavior of many trace elements during mobilization and redistribution differs from their behavior during incorporation into secondary mineral phases, especially the Mn and Fe oxides and/or oxyhydroxides in the ferromanganese concretions. It is worthy to note that the fractionation between Ce and Mn occurs under intensive chemical weathering conditions. Correspondingly, beryllium exhibits a similar geochemical behavior as that of rare earth elements (except for Ce) and Y during surface weathering. 相似文献
13.
通过与粉尘堆积,以及玄武岩和片麻杂岩风化剖面磁组构的对比,探讨了以贵州平坝白云岩之上红色粘土剖面磁组构特征及其成因指示意义。红色粘土的各向异性较弱,并且不具有明显的沉积磁组构;母岩的组构特征对红色粘土磁化率各向异性没有明显的控制“痕迹” ;红色粘土与粉尘堆积物之间磁组构特征的明显差异,表明它们在物源和形成机制方面是不同的;红色粘土磁化率及磁组构特征反映出红色粘土中磁性矿物的物质来源和成因具有一定的特殊性。 相似文献
14.
This study presents bulk chemical compositions of the Tongmuling soil profile, which developed on dolostone, and the overlying strata covering the bedrock in the central Guizhou province (southern China). The chemical weathering characteristics of the studied profile were investigated and the inheritance relationships between the terra rossa and overlying strata were discussed. The results show that there is no remarkable variation in the major elements and weathering indices from the rock–soil interface to the topsoil, indicating that the studied profile was not typical for in situ crustal chemical weathering. The terra rossa were mainly composed of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3. Compared with the insoluble residues and overlying strata, the terra rossa are characterized by an enrichment of Y and Cs and depletion of Ba and Sr. The subsoil shows a notable Ce negative anomaly, characterized by heavy rare earth element enrichment (L/H = 1.55–3.74), whereas the topsoil shows a positive Ce anomaly with light rare earth element enrichment (L/H = 5.93–9.14). According to Laterite-forming capacity estimates, the terra rossa could not have only been formed from acid-insoluble residues from the bedrock; Al2O3 versus Fe2O3 and Nb plotted against Ta show significant positive correlations between the terra rossa and overlying strata. The Eu/Eu* versus GdN/YbN and ternary diagrams for Sc, Th, Zr, and Ta suggest that the overlying strata could also provide parent materials for the genesis of terra rossa. 相似文献
15.
Brian Jones 《Sedimentology》2020,67(4):1844-1878
Phosphatic limestones on the west end of Little Cayman, at an elevation of 3 to 4 m above sea level and ca 320 to 550 m inland of the coast, lie on top of a phytokarst surface that defines the upper boundary of the Pedro Castle Formation (Pliocene). These phosphatic limestones are formed of phosphatic lithoclasts, detrital phosphate grains, coated grains (glaebules), composite coated grains, biofragments and phosphate rafts that are held in a matrix that is formed of micrite, calcite cement, and non-crystalline masses formed of P, Al, Si and Fe. The phosphate in these limestones is primarily hydroxylapatite, whereas the overlying soils, found in some areas, are formed of hydroxylapatite, crandallite and minor amounts of boehemite, kaolinite and quartz. Textures in the lithoclasts and detrital phosphate grains indicate that they were derived from older insular phosphates that that were largely removed by mining in 1890 to 1895. The coated grains (glaebules) typically have nuclei formed of a detrital phosphate grains that are encased by non-crystalline cortical laminae that are composed primarily of Al with their variable red colour reflecting the variable Fe content. The phosphatic limestones developed in a low-lying coastal area where the guano produced by a large seabird colony that was close to or mixed with terra rossa and marine carbonates that were washed onshore during storms/hurricanes. The Al, Fe, Si and rare earth elements found in the phosphatic limestones came from the terra rossa. Critically, this study documents the complex depositional regimes and diagenetic processes that can exist at the interface of marine carbonates, coastal phosphates and terrestrial soils as sea-level fluctuations control phases of sediment accumulation that were periodically interrupted by periods of non-deposition. 相似文献
16.
The lanthanide tetrad effect was investigated in a 5.4 m thick terra rossa profile overlying dolomite on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, China. The results demonstrate that the chondrite-normalized rare earth element pattern of dolomite bedrock displays a W-type tetrad effect. The insoluble residue from the dolomite bedrock does not exhibit any significant tetrad effect. In contrast, some ferromanganese concretions and the terra rossa show tetrad effect. It is worth noting that the conjugate M- and W-types of the tetrad effect are observed in some terra rossa samples. The tetrad effect in the ferromanganese concretions and the terra rossa possibly originates from redistribution of dissolved rare earth elements during their downwards movement in the profile and not only from water/rock interaction. Within the dolomite weathering system, the ferromanganese concretions and surrounding terra rossa present similar correlations of Eu/Eu*, Y/Ho, Sm/Nd, Ce/Ce*, with the size of the tetrad effect. The ferromanganese concretions and the terra rossa with tetrad effect are characterized by a reduced, non-chondritic Y/Ho ratio. Also the Y/Ho ratio exhibits a clear negative correlation with the size of the tetrad effect in the ferromanganese concretions and the terra rossa. In addition, the Eu/Eu* tends to increase with increasing size of the tetrad effect in the ferromanganese concretions and the terra rossa, as does the Sm/Nd ratio. The regular variation for Eu/Eu*, Y/Ho and Sm/Nd is likely a result of the fractionation of rare earth elements and yttrium with the tetrad effect. On the other hand, the correlation of the Ce/Ce* with the size of the tetrad effect in the ferromanganese concretions and the terra rossa is random. This likely indicates that the Ce behavior within weathering system is mainly controlled by redox condition, rather than tetrad effect. Comparative study indicates that the correlations of Eu/Eu*, Y/Ho, Ce/Ce*, with the size of the tetrad effect in the ferromanganese concretions and the terra rossa, are not similar to those found in a highly evolved igneous system. Nevertheless, the correlation of Sm/Nd with the size of tetrad effect in weathering system is similar to that in igneous system. In general, it appears to indicate that the tetrad effect occurrence in granitic rocks is not associated with weathering. 相似文献
17.
Amphorae sherds from the Laecanius workshop of Roman Istria (10–5 B.C. and 78 A.D.), Croatia, were studied by integrating archaeological and geological techniques including fabric analysis, thin‐section petrography, X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), and heavy mineral analysis. The fabric of the sherds showed distinctive characteristics, permitting their classification and allocation into nine fabric groupss. Petrography revealed that quartz is the dominant clastic component, whereas carbonate is common as temper; XRD provided information on firing temperatures that ranged between 750 and 900°C. The sherds contain diverse heavy mineral suites with generally high epidote and garnet proportions; zircon is occasionally important. Garnet/epidote ratios and the presence of diagnostic species (pyroxene, hornblende) showed systematic variations that coincided with similar variations in fabric characteristics. Heavy mineral signatures of amphorae produced in other workshops proved essential in differentiating them from Laecanius sherds. A comparative heavy mineral analysis of terra rossa samples from the vicinity of the workshop indicated that terra rossa was the major source for the paste. Differences observed in the heavy mineral composition of the sherds and terra rossa were interpreted by the spatial heterogeneity of the latter and the mixing of the paste with sandy temper. Fresh Adriatic sponge spicules in the majority of Laecanius sherds and the temper‐derived, generally immature heavy mineral assemblages suggest that sandy deposits from the Adriatic were used for the clastic temper. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
18.
The radon-222 (222Rn) activity in groundwater of the Apulian karstic aquifer in southern Italy is as great as 500 Becquerel per liter (Bq/L)
locally. Normal radium-226 (226Ra) activity in the limestone and calcareous dolomites of the aquifer is not enough to explain such a high level. Laboratory
investigations identified high 226Ra activity in the "terra rossa," the residuum occupying fissures and cavities in the bedrock, and also the relation between
(1) 226Ra-bearing bedrock and "terra rossa" and (2) 222Rn in water. The "terra rossa" is the primary source of the radon in the groundwater. The experimental results show the need
to characterize the "terra rossa" of Apulia on the basis of 226Ra activity and also to study the distribution and variations in 222Rn activity over time in the aquifer.
Received, January 1996 · Revised, March 1997, September 1997, June 1998 · Accepted, July 1998 相似文献
19.
以西南典型岩溶峰丛洼地平果石漠化区为研究区,选取受放牧干扰和未受放牧干扰植被样地,开展放牧干扰对植物-土壤C、N、P元素生态化学计量学特征影响的研究。结果显示,（1）6种受放牧干扰样地土壤（0～20 cm）的C、N、P含量均值分别为6.27 %、0.57 %、0.088 %;植物根、茎、叶和凋落物C、N、P含量均值分别为442.15 g·kg-1、8.33 g·kg-1、0.73 g·kg-1。放牧干扰下,植物和土壤C、N、P含量减少,变异系数增大,容易导致石漠化发生和恶化;（2）6种典型样地土壤C∶N、C∶P、N∶P均值分别为10.76、73.94、6.76;植物根、茎、叶和凋落物C∶N、C∶P、N∶P分别为53.62、669.50、12.53。与无放牧干扰样地相比较,受放牧干扰的样地植物和土壤C∶N、C∶P、N∶P化学计量比呈下降趋势,放牧干扰在一定范围内能提高土壤P的有效性,但当N∶P比值减少到一定程度时,植物的生长受N限制。（3）恢复样地的土壤-植被C、N、P及其比值都优于干扰样地,放牧干扰能在短时间内造成环境迅速退化和石漠化的发生和加剧。禁牧后土壤和植物养分能在短时间内得到修复和改善,尤其是草本饲料类植物经短时间自然恢复后得以恢复正常生长发育。（4）在岩溶峰丛洼地石漠化区,土壤和植物的C、N、P、C∶N、C∶P、N∶P关系密切,相互之间具有促进或抑制的作用,共同影响植物的生长发育和石漠化演变方向。 相似文献