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1.
胶东地区大规模金成矿作用与中生代郭家岭期岩浆活动关系紧密,但针对胶东郭家岭期岩浆岩体的成因仍存在不同认识。本文选择焦家金矿带北段与金矿具有时空关系的郭家岭期丛家岩体作为研究对象,开展系统岩相学、地球化学、LA- MC- ICP- MS 锆石U- Pb年代学及Sr—Nd同位素研究。丛家岩体花岗岩的 Na2O/K2O分别为0. 69～1. 23,Na2O+K2O值为7. 29%～9. 58%,A/CNK值为1. 39～1. 51,为高钾钙碱性系列过铝质花岗岩;丛家岩体具有轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损、负铕异常（0. 41～0. 68）、大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr等富集、 Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素亏损、以及高Sr/Y值（81. 59～235. 5）等岩石地球化学特征;丛家岩体锆石LA- MC- ICP- MS的U- Pb年龄为126. 1±0. 3 Ma,可以代表丛家岩体结晶年龄;岩体n(87Sr)/n(86Sr) 值为0. 711463,其低于地壳的平均值（0. 7170）,高于地幔的平均值（0. 7090）,表明其有幔源物质的参与;\[n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)\]i 为0. 711117, Nd (t)的值为-17. 14,亏损地幔模式年龄( TDM2 ) 为3396 Ma。综合分析成因为幔源基性岩浆与下地壳重熔中酸性岩浆发生混合而成,并在上侵过程中受到玲珑期花岗岩的同化混染,是典型幔源物质直接参与混合的壳幔混合成因的花岗岩。 相似文献
2.
本文对东昆仑拉陵高里河沟脑花岗闪长斑岩开展详细的全岩地球化学、LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb年代学、锆石Hf同位素研究,确定其形成时代,并探讨其岩石成因及成岩构造背景。结果显示,花岗闪长斑岩LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb年龄为231. 1±1. 2 Ma,指示其侵位于晚三叠世早期。全岩K2O/Na2O值为0. 69～0. 71,Mg#值为40. 5～41. 6,里特曼指数σ为1. 90～2. 09,A/CNK=1. 01～1. 03,属弱过铝质中—高钾钙碱性岩石系列。岩石的轻重稀土元素分异明显,(La/Yb)N值为19. 54～25. 52,具弱负Eu异常（δEu为0. 96～0. 97）,富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba、Th,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti等,具有高的Sr含量(606. 0×10-6～647. 9×10-6)和Sr/Y值(60. 38～62. 99),较低的Y(9. 62×10-6～10. 66×10-6)和Yb(0. 86-6～0. 92×10-6)含量,显示Adakite（高锶低钇中酸性岩）的地球化学特征。锆石Hf同位素εHf(t)值介于-6. 93~-2. 94,地壳模式年龄（TDM2）范围为1. 45~1. 70 Ga。综合分析表明,拉陵高里河沟脑花岗闪长斑岩形成于东昆仑洋壳俯冲末期至局部碰撞的转换阶段,岩浆源于高压条件下的加厚下地壳部分熔融。 相似文献
3.
贺根山缝合带白音呼舒奥长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及构造意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文以出露于贺根山缝合带梅劳特乌拉蛇绿岩北侧的白音呼舒奥长花岗岩体为研究对象,通过野外地质调查和岩石学、地球化学、锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb年代学研究,探讨其成因、构造环境及二连—贺根山洋俯冲消亡过程。岩石地球化学研究表明,白音呼舒岩体富硅（SiO2=66. 50%~73. 04%）、高铝（Al2O3=15. 11%~16. 75%）、富钠（Na2O=3. 50%~6. 16%）、低钾（K2O=1. 46%~2. 38%）,相对高锶（Sr=167. 0×10-6~441. 0×10-6）、低钇（Y=5. 30×10-6~9. 51×10-6）,富集Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素和LREE,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素和HREE,无明显Eu异常。岩石学和岩石地球化学特征表明,白音呼舒侵入岩体属于英云闪长岩—奥长花岗岩—花岗闪长岩(Tonalite—Trondhjemite—Granodiorite,TTG)岩系,与高Si 高锶低钇中酸性岩（Adakite,埃达克岩）类似,形成于大洋俯冲带岛弧环境,为俯冲洋壳脱水熔融的产物。锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb测年表明,白音呼舒奥长花岗岩体的形成年龄为309. 2 ±1. 6 Ma,表明该岩体侵位于晚石炭世,反映了贺根山缝合带晚石炭世大洋俯冲带TTG岩浆作用事件。结合二连—贺根山缝合带石炭纪蛇绿岩、石炭纪—二叠纪岛弧型岩浆岩和中生代后造山A型岩浆岩的时空分布与演化关系,表明古亚洲洋二连—贺根山洋盆在晚石炭世并未关闭,而是处于大洋俯冲消减和陆壳增生过程中。 相似文献
4.
滇西北格咱铜多金属矿集区是西南三江特提斯构造域重要的Cu—Mo多金属成矿带之一,燕山期伴随着构造—岩浆—热液作用形成了一系列的斑岩—矽卡岩型Cu（Mo）多金属矿床。其中红牛—红山铜矿床是区内代表性矿床。本文在系统的野外工作基础上对红牛—红山铜矿花岗斑岩—石英二长斑岩复式岩体进行了LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb定年、岩石地球化学和锆石Lu—Hf 同位素分析。结果表明,斑岩富硅（SiO2 =59. 19%~72. 20%）、富碱（K2O＋Na2O=6. 65%~12. 33%）,具有较高的稀土元素含量（ΣREE=163×10-6~588×10-6,平均值为272×10-6）,轻重稀土元素分馏程度较高（LREE/HREE=17. 2~31. 7）,负铕异常（δEu=0. 64~0. 84）,相对富集Rb、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素（LILE）,而相对亏损Nb、Ti、Ta、P等高场强元素（HFSE）,为一套准铝质—过铝质的高钾钙碱性—钾玄岩系列高分异I型花岗岩,有向A型花岗岩演化趋势,具高锶低钇特征。3件花岗斑岩样品锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb年龄分别为80. 11±0. 63 Ma、76. 59±0. 53 Ma、76. 49±0. 63 Ma,2件石英二长斑岩锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb年龄为77. 27±0. 70 Ma、76. 99±0. 75 Ma,均属于燕山晚期。锆石εHf(t)值为-10. 3~-4. 6,两阶段模式年龄TDM2为1. 277~1. 582 Ga,峰值为1. 35~1. 40 Ga,揭示了红牛—红山花岗斑岩—石英二长斑岩源于中元古代地壳基底的深熔作用。综合认为红牛—红山花岗斑岩—石英二长斑岩的形成与早期形成的印支期格咱岛弧加厚地壳部分熔融密切相关。 相似文献
5.
武功山造山带位于华夏地块与扬子地块碰撞缝合带南侧,记录了新元古代以来的多次构造运动。本文对其中的黑云母二长花岗岩和二云母二长花岗岩进行了全面的矿物学、岩石地球化学、锆石U- Pb同位素年代学及Lu—Hf同位素研究。LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb同位素年代学研究指示武功山黑云母二长花岗岩和二云母二长花岗岩结晶于早志留世（441. 6~442. 2 Ma）。武功山早志留世花岗岩具有富硅（SiO2含量为67. 43%~73. 06%）、富碱（Na2O+K2O含量为6. 47%~8. 46%）、贫钙（CaO=0. 78%~2. 64%）、贫镁（MgO=0. 46%~1. 61%）等特征,为强过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩（A/CNK=1. 09~1. 35）。同时,岩相学和地球化学指示岩石属于亚碱性系列,分异程度较低,ΣREE较低,轻重稀土分异程度较高,为S型花岗岩且岩浆源区物相为角闪石+斜长石+石榴子石。结合花岗岩锆石fLu/Hf 值均小于-0. 9,εHf（t）均为负值（-6. 7到-4. 8）,指示岩浆来源于古元古代古老陆壳物质,形成于陆内造山构造背景下,为武功山地区对武夷—云开造山运动的响应。 相似文献
6.
本文以出露于红石山—百合山蛇绿混杂岩带南侧的英云闪长岩体为研究对象,通过野外地质调查和岩石学、地球化学、锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb年代学研究,探讨其成因、构造环境及红石山洋俯冲消亡过程。岩石地球化学研究表明,红石山南英云闪长岩体富硅（SiO2=63. 95%～66. 22%）、高铝（Al2O3=15. 31%～16. 61%）、富钠（Na2O=3. 73%～4. 33%）、低钾（K2O=1. 00%～1. 85%）,相对高锶（Sr=246. 0×10-6～417. 0×10-6）、低钇（Y=8. 83×10-6～11. 80×10-6）,富集Rb、Sr等大离子亲石元素和LREE,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素,HREE相对亏损,无明显Eu异常。岩石学和岩石地球化学特征表明,为俯冲洋壳脱水熔融的产物。锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb测年表明,红石山南英云闪长岩体的形成年龄为306. 9～309. 9 Ma,表明该岩体侵位于晚石炭世,反映了红石山—百合山缝合带晚石炭世大洋俯冲带岩浆作用事件,进一步约束了红石山洋俯冲时限。结合红石山—百合山缝合带石炭纪蛇绿岩、石炭纪—二叠纪岛弧型岩浆岩和早二叠世末期（275 Ma）的辉长岩和花岗岩侵位及早—中二叠世双堡塘组下部的角度不整合均反映了红石山洋盆的闭合过程（辛后田等,2020）,表明红石山洋盆在晚石炭世并未关闭,而是处于大洋俯冲消减和陆壳增生过程中。 相似文献
7.
内蒙古狼山地区浩日格山二长花岗岩的地球化学特征、LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb定年及Hf同位素组成 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
内蒙古狼山地区浩日格山岩体位于中亚造山带南缘及华北北缘的结合位置,对其进行系统的岩石地球化学探讨有助于加深对中亚造山带晚古生代—早中生代构造- 岩浆演化及地球动力学背景的认识。该岩体主体岩性为二长花岗岩,可进一步划分为二云母二长花岗岩及斑状黑云母二长花岗岩,LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb测年分别获得二者的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为244.9±1.6Ma及230.2±1.5Ma,指示其形成于三叠纪早—中期。地球化学分析结果表明,浩日格山二长花岗岩SiO2含量介于72.58%~74.42%之间,K2O含量为4.06%~5.82%,Na2O含量为3.08%~3.88%,Al2O3含量为13.39%~14.55%,具有高钾钙碱性和过铝质特征。岩石稀土总量较低,轻稀土相对富集,重稀土相对亏损,具有较明显的负铕异常。岩体富集Rb、U、Hf;亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Ti和Zr,显示出高分异花岗岩的特点。锆石Hf同位素分析结果显示：εHf(t)值总体为负值,并且与华北北缘三叠纪花岗岩εHf(t)值基本一致,表明源区主要为华北古老地壳。对浩日格山二长花岗岩的研究表明狼山地区在三叠纪早—中期为后碰撞构造环境,可能与古亚洲洋的最终闭合关系密切。 相似文献
8.
本文对新疆东准噶尔阿尕什敖包二长花岗岩进行了锆石U- Pb年代学,锆石Hf同位素和岩石地球化学研究。研究结果表明,阿尕什敖包二长花岗岩的LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb定年结果为372. 1± 1. 5Ma,MSWD=0. 22,为晚泥盆世。其全岩的SiO2含量为70. 7％~71. 7％,K2O含量（3. 93％~4. 33％）和K2O/Na2O（1. 00~1. 17）相对较高,属于高钾钙碱性系列。该花岗岩的A/CNK值在1. 01~1. 04之间,具有低的10000×Ga/Al值（1. 81~1. 90）,显示出I- 型花岗岩的特征。它们显示出轻稀土元素（LREEs）和大离子亲石元素（LILEs）的富集,Nb、Ta和Ti等高场强元素（HFSEs）亏损,暗示其可能受俯冲带消减组分的影响。这些二长花岗岩具有高的、正的εHf(t)值（11. 2~15. 2）和年轻的Hf二阶段模式年龄（TDM2=408~779Ma）,加上其较高的Zr/Nb（7. 46~8. 24）和Th/Ce（0. 16~0. 55）,表明它们可能来源于年轻下地壳的部分熔融。阿尕什敖包南高钾钙碱性I- 型花岗岩具有较低的Ta（1. 60×10-6~1. 79×10-6）和Yb（1. 41×10-6~1. 67×10-6）含量,Rb- Y+Nb和Yb- Ta图解中落入VAG系列,表明形成于岛弧环境。因此,结合区域构造,沉积等相关证据,我们提出东准噶尔地区在晚泥盆世为俯冲相关的岛弧环境。而晚泥盆世的洋脊俯冲及其板片窗的形成在东准噶尔同时期各种特殊岩石组合产生过程中扮演着重要作用。 相似文献
9.
碰撞后岩浆作用是探索岩石圈物质组成、反演深部地球动力学过程的重要对象。近来,笔者等所在课题组在南东帕米尔热斯卡木地区新识别出一套新生代高锶低钇花岗岩。本文报道了该花岗岩的锆石U- Pb年龄、全岩主微量元素和Sr—Nd同位素及锆石Lu—Hf同位素组成。锆石LA- MC- ICPMS U- Pb定年显示,这些岩浆岩为中新世岩浆活动的产物（12. 0 ± 0. 3 Ma）。元素地球化学显示,样品具有高SiO2（72. 14% ~ 74. 35%）和K2O （3. 78% ~ 5. 25%）含量,低MgO（0. 13%~0. 50%）和Mg#（18 ~ 35）,高Sr（363×10-6 ~ 754×10-6）,低Y（3. 41×10-6 ~ 16. 4 ×10-6）和Yb（0. 327×10-6 ~ 0. 903×10-6）,从而高Sr/Y （27. 1 ~ 188）和(La/Yb)N比值（18. 9 ~ 210）,与典型Adakite地球化学特征一致。同位素方面,样品具有显著富集的锆石εHf(t)（-10. 1 ~ -5. 4）和全岩εNd(t)（-8. 33 ~ -6. 39）值。综合本文及前人研究成果,热斯卡木地区中新世高锶低钇花岗岩是加厚下地壳部分熔融的结果。欧亚大陆碰撞以来,区内地壳显著增厚、高原快速隆升。~ 12 Ma,由于增厚地壳局部岩石圈重力不稳发生垮塌,软流圈上涌使加厚古老下地壳发生部分熔融,形成该时期的高锶低钇花岗岩岩浆。 相似文献
10.
阿巴嘎旗阿德拉嘎碱长花岗岩位于贺根山蛇绿岩带北侧。为了确定该碱长花岗岩体的岩石成因类型,探讨其构造环境,对该岩体进行了野外地质、岩石学、地球化学和LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb年代学研究。锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb测年表明,阿德拉嘎碱长花岗岩体的侵位年龄为310. 7±2. 6Ma,形成时代为晚石炭世。岩石地球化学研究表明,阿德拉嘎碱长花岗岩具有较高的SiO2、Na2O+K2O含量和较高的Ga/Al、（Na2O+K2O）/CaO值,相对贫CaO、MgO、Sr、Ba、Eu、Ti和P。稀土元素总量较低,轻重稀土分馏不明显,稀土配分曲线呈海鸥性,负铕异常明显（δEu=0. 15~0. 37）。岩石学和岩石地球化学特征表明,该碱长花岗岩为A型花岗岩,形成于弧后伸展构造环境,为晚石炭世古亚洲洋向西伯利亚俯冲作用的产物。 相似文献
11.
Police, politics, and the right to the city 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mustafa Dikeç 《GeoJournal》2002,58(2-3):91-98
Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete. 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
Average concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, and other metals, as well as S and As, were calculated for the Aue granitic cupola,
the contact aureole of which hosts the large vein-type uranium deposit of Schlema-Alberoda and the Schneeberg uranium-base
metal deposit (Erzgebirge, Germany). The cupola was exposed by mine workings and boreholes, which provided an opportunity
to evaluate variations in the abundances of metals in the granites over a vertical interval of more than 2.5 km and estimate
their losses in the upper oxidized part of the investigated volume of the cupola (coefficient of iron oxidation, KO
Fe, increases in the granites from bottom to top from 7 to 70%) compared with the lower unaltered and unoxidized part (with
a KO
Fe plateau at about 5%). The average concentrations of metals in the upper part of the cupola are lower than those in the lower
part by a factor of 2.5 for Pb, 1.56 for Zn, 1.45 for Cu, 1.3 for Co, etc. A similar decrease in the abundances of ore elements
along the vertical section associating with the relative epigenetic alteration and oxidation of the granite was previously
described by us for U and Th and for the components of high-temperature ores, W, Sn, and Mo. The removal of ore elements from
the granite was accompanied by a decrease in the bulk contents of sulfur and arsenic by a factor of 1.35 and 1.65, respectively.
The leaching of trace metals from the granites of the upper part of the Aue cupola was followed by their partial redeposition
above the cupola in the ore veins of the Schlema and Schneeberg deposits.
Original Russian Text ? Vikt. L. Barsukov, N.T. Sokolova, O.M. Ivanitskii, 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 9, pp.
967–982. 相似文献
15.
Shaofeng Wang Yongfeng Jia Shuying Wang Xin Wang He Wang Zhixi Zhao Bingzhu Liu 《Applied Geochemistry》2009,24(9):1702-1711
Mercury contamination in aquatic environments is of worldwide concern because of its high biomagnification factor in food chains and long-range transport. The rivers, estuary and the bay along the northwestern Bohai Sea coast, northeastern China have been heavily contaminated by Hg due to long-term Zn smelting and chlor-alkali production. This work investigated the distributions of total Hg (THg) and monomethylmercury (MMHg) in the water, sediment and hydrophytes from this area. Concentrations of THg in sediment (0.5–64 mg kg−1) and water (39–2700 ng L−1) were elevated by 1–3 orders of magnitude compared to background concentrations, which induced high concentrations of MMHg in these media. The highest concentration of MMHg in sediment reached 35 μg kg−1, which was comparable to that in the Hg mining area, Wanshan, China, and the highest MMHg concentration of 3.0 ng L−1 in the water sample exceeded the MMHg Chinese drinking water guideline of 1.0 ng L−1. Concentrations of THg in a sediment profile from Jinzhou Bay were found to be consistent with annual Hg emission flux from a local Zn smelter (r = 0.74, p < 0.01), indicating that Hg contamination was mainly caused by Zn smelting locally. For some freshwater hydrophytes, concentrations of THg and MMHg ranged from 5.2 to 100 μg kg−1 and 0.15 to 12 μg kg−1, respectively. Compared to sediment, concentrations of THg in hydrophytes were 2–3 orders of magnitude lower but MMHg was comparable or higher, indicating that the bioaccumulation in plants was distinct for the two Hg species studied. The data suggest that a significant load of Hg has been released into the northwestern coastal region of the Bohai Sea. 相似文献
16.
The behavior of trace elements under conditions of partial melting of granitoid rocks has been studied. The element’s partition coefficients between minerals and the melt Dimin/melt depends, in the first place, on the composition of the primary melt. In biotite the HREE Di are a little below 1, while those of LREE, especially Di for Ce, are 1–3 orders of magnitude less. This leads to an efficient differentiation of REEs in anatexic melts especially when biotite is the main mineral phase of restite. On the contrary, there are feldspars, the Di of which cannot provide such a magnitude of differentiation. Unlike garnets and pyroxenes, whose stability in restite permits enrichment of anatexic melts produced in migmatization zones with Nb, Ti, and Cr, the presence of biotite in restite causes depletion of melts with those elements as well as with Rb. Feldspars, under conditions of their fractional crystallization or during differentiation of an anatexic melt, deplete the latter with Sr, Ba, and Rb, but enrich it with Nb, Ti, Cr, Y, Zr, and V. 相似文献
17.
The dielectric constants and dielectric loss values of 4 Ca-containing minerals were determined at 1 MHz using a two-terminal method and empirically determined edge corrections. The results are: vesuvianitel κ′ a=9.93 tan δ=0.006 κ′ c=9.79 tan δ=0.005 vesuvianitel κ′ a=10.02 tan δ=0.002 κ′ c=9.85 tan δ=0.003 zoisite1 κ′ a =10.49 tan δ=0.0006 κ′ b =15.31 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ c=9.51 tan δ=0.0008 zoisite2 κ′ a =10.55 tan δ=0.0011 κ′ b =15.45 tan δ=0.0013 κ′ c=9.39 tan δ=0.0008 epidote κ′ 11= 9.52 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ 22=17.1 tan δ=0.0009 κ′ 33= 9.37 tan δ=0.0006 fluorapatite1 κ′ a =10.48 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ c = 8.72 tan δ=0.0114 fluorapatite2 κ′ a =10.40 tan δ=0.0010 κ′ c=8.26 tan δ=0.0178 The deviation (δ) between measured dielectric polarizabilities as determined from the Clausius-Mosotti equation and those calculated from the sum of oxide polarizabilities according to α D (mineral)=∑ α D (oxides) for vesuvianite is ～ 0.5%. The large deviations of epidote and zoisite from the additivity rule with Δ=+ 10.1 and + 11.7%, respectively, are attributed to “rattling” Ca ions. The combined effects of both a large F thermal parameter and possible F-ion conductivity in fluorapatite are believed to be responsible for Δ=+2–3%. Although variation of oxygen polarizability with oxygen molar volume (Vo) is believed to affect the total polarizabilities, the variation of Vo in these Ca minerals is too small to observe the effect. 相似文献
18.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
19.
Tony Waltham 《Geology Today》2010,26(4):152-158
Gigantic floods that, for just a few days, had flow rates many times greater than the combined flows of all the other rivers of the world put together. Sounds ridiculous, and it's almost inconceivable, but it's real, and it all happened at the end of the last Ice Age. The water came from Lake Missoula, which exists no more, but the effects are still to be seen in the landscapes, most notably in the vast scablands of eastern Washington. 相似文献
20.
Yuriy Sokolov 《GeoJournal》1992,26(4):497-502
The discovery of a new continent that was later called America by Christopher Columbus some five hundred years ago, has in
one way or another, influenced people the World over. The extraordinary significance of this event for mankind is displayed
by the dimension of the consequences and the variety of reactions among nations and communities of the “Old World”. 相似文献