共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 593 毫秒
1.
Takehiko Hiraga Osamu Nishikawa Toshiro Nagase Mizuhiko Akizuki David L. Kohlstedt 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2002,143(6):664-672
Interfacial energies of quartz/quartz (qz/qz), albite/albite (ab/ab), and quartz/albite (qz/ab) boundaries in low-grade pelitic schist were determined based on measured values of dihedral angles. Three kinds of microstructures were investigated, and the interfacial energies were obtained in two independent ways. (1) Relative values of interfacial energy were calculated from dihedral angles formed at quartz and albite triple junctions. (2) Subgrain boundary energy was calculated using the Read-Shockley theory for a boundary connected to an intergranular pore. Dihedral angles formed at the corners of intergranular pores were measured. From the interfacial tension balance equation, the value of the qz/qz grain boundary energy was then obtained. (3) Dihedral angles formed at intersections of either pericline or albite twin boundaries with either ab/ab or qz/ab boundaries were measured. The twin boundary energy was calculated based on a previously derived equation using Landau potential, twin wall thickness, and critical temperature for a phase transition in albite. With a modified interfacial tension balance equation for a twin boundary fixed to a facet orientation, the interfacial energies of ab/ab and qz/ab boundaries were obtained. Energies obtained by methods of (2) and (3) are in good agreement. The interfacial energies for qz/qz, ab/ab, and qz/ab boundaries obtained in this study are 270뀶, 300끞, and 250끀 mJ/m2, respectively. 相似文献
2.
We analyze drag and drop of pores filled with a fluid phase, e.g., water or melt, in which the constituting elements of the
solid matrix are dissolved. Assuming that the diffusion through the fluid-phase dominates bulk transport kinetics, we address
the problem of pore motion and calculate the pore mobility and the critical velocity of elongated and lenticular pores on
a grain boundary for arbitrary dihedral angle. The found variations in critical velocity and mobility with dihedral angle
are modest for given volume of pores with the two considered geometries. For given pore size, however, the dependence on dihedral
angle accounts for several orders of magnitude in pore mobility and critical velocity. 相似文献
3.
T. Hiraga I. Anderson M. Zimmerman S. Mei D. Kohlstedt 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2002,144(2):163-175
Olivine grain boundaries in deformed aggregates of olivine + basalt and partially molten lherzolite were analyzed with various electron microscopy techniques to test for the presence of thin (0.5-10 nm) intergranular melt films. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM) observations reveal that most of the boundaries do not contain a thin amorphous phase, although a small fraction of grains are separated by relatively thick (~1 µm) layers of melt. However, due to the anisotropy of the olivine-melt interfacial energy, melt often tapers from a triple junction into an adjoining grain boundary over a length of 1 to 2 µm, giving an effective dihedral angle of only ~2°. The chemistry of olivine-olivine grain boundaries was analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) profiling by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with a probe size of <1.5 nm. Ca, Al and Ti segregate to grain boundaries forming enriched regions of <7 nm width. Although these elements are concentrated in the glass phases, the presence of glass films with the same chemical composition as the bulk glass phases cannot explain concentrations of other elements such as Si and Al at the boundaries. Combined with the HREM results, the STEM/EDX profiling demonstrates the existence of chemical segregation between solid grains but the absence of thin, grain boundary melt films. Additionally, if melt films exist along all of the grain boundaries, as reported for similar samples by other groups, the rock should be substantially weakened. Creep experiments on the partially molten rocks analyzed in this study reveal little weakening at small melt contents, consistent with our observations of melt-free grain boundaries. 相似文献
4.
Morphology of intergranular pores and wetting angles in pelitic schists studied by transmission electron microscopy 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Takehiko Hiraga Osamu Nishikawa Toshiro Nagase Mizuhiko Akizuki 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2001,141(5):613-622
In pelitic schists composed mainly of quartz and albite grains, the morphology of intergranular pores, which were filled with water, was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Although some pores are defined by crystallographic planes (F-face), most of their form has an ideal shape determined by interface tensions between grains and fluid. High-resolution TEM observations demonstrate that pore-free regions at grain boundaries are tight even at the nanometer scale, showing that the wetting angle is larger than 0° in this rock. The pore distribution in two-grain junctions can be compared to a "necklace microstructure" developed by instability of a fluid film along the boundary induced by microcracking. Wetting angles for pores located at grain edges of quartz and albite decrease in the order albite/albite, quartz/quartz, and quartz/albite. The quartz/quartz wetting angle in a calcite-free sample is smaller than that in a calcite-containing sample. This angle also changes due to grain misorientation. Our results confirm that solid-solid and solid-fluid interfacial energies control the geometry of intergranular fluid in natural rocks. 相似文献
5.
Textural maturity describes the extent to which a rock has evolvedfrom the initial reaction-controlled texture towards texturalequilibrium controlled by the minimization of interfacial energy.Solidification in a magma chamber results in the formation ofan impingement texture by the random juxtaposition of planar-sidedgrains. Orthocumulates, in which the initial melt-filled poresare pseudomorphed by later-crystallizing phases, have an ophiticor intersertal texture immediately after complete solidification,which then evolves towards solid-state equilibrium by roundingof initially planar grain boundaries and an increase in themedian dihedral angle subtended at the junctions of two primocrysticgrains with the interstitial phase. The bulk of the increasein angle occurs just below the solidus temperature in kilometre-scalemafic plutons. Quantification of textural maturity via measurementof dihedral angle populations in troctolitic and gabbroic cumulatesfrom the Rum Eastern Layered Intrusion and the Skaergaard Intrusiondemonstrates that the rocks preserve a record of thermal eventsrelated to magma chamber replenishment and the onset of chamber-wideconvection. Textural maturity is also a function of the liquidusphase assemblage: for systems in which only olivine and plagioclaseare liquidus (i.e. cumulus) phases in the main magma body abovethe crystal mush, the texture is significantly less mature thanthat in systems in which clinopyroxene is an additional liquidusphase. The difference in textural maturity reflects differencesin the cooling and solidification rate, and demonstrates directlythat the liquidus phase assemblage plays a role in determiningthe thermal history of plutons. KEY WORDS: cumulates; dihedral angles; Rum; Skaergaard; textures 相似文献
6.
熔体的形态与分布特征对岩石流变的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
熔体的形态与分布研究表明,在静态条件下,熔融程度比较低时,熔体主要分布于三个矿物颗粒之间,形成三角形状熔体结构,熔体二面角在0°~60°;熔融程度比较高时,熔体沿多个颗粒边界形成孤立的三角形或四边形结构,熔体三联点的二面角接近60°或大于60°。在动态条件下,在部分或全部矿物颗粒边界出现熔体薄膜,把熔体三角形连通,形成局部熔体网络,熔体三联点的二面角接近0°。如果熔体呈孤立的三角形或四边形结构时,熔体对岩石流变的影响比较小:当熔体含量小于2%~3%,熔体对岩石流变基本没有影响;只有熔体含量接近或超过3%~5%,熔体对流变强度的弱化作用才出现,当熔体含量达到10%时,流变强度弱化增加3倍左右。如果矿物颗粒边界出现熔体薄膜,微量熔体(小于1%)就对岩石流变强度有显著的弱化作用。流变实验表明,在颗粒边界含有小于1%的熔体时,熔体对流变强度的弱化达到4倍,当颗粒边界含有3%的熔体时,这种弱化作用达到10倍。 相似文献
7.
Lawsonite eclogite pods ranging in size from 3 cm to 6 m occur in lawsonite blueschist and eclogite facies metasedimentary
and metabasaltic rocks in the Sivrihisar Massif, Turkey. Some pods have a core of lawsonite eclogite surrounded by alternating,
centimeter-scale layers of lawsonite blueschist, eclogite, and transitional eclogite–blueschist, all with similar basaltic
bulk composition. These pods also contain texturally late lawsonite-rich veins and layers. Most eclogites and blueschists
within the pods lack reaction textures, but some blueschists near pod margins contain texturally complex garnet as well as
glaucophane rims on omphacite, suggesting retrogression of eclogite to blueschist. Phase diagrams (pseudosections) calculated
for the lawsonite eclogite core of a meter-scale pod indicate that the eclogite equilibrated at ∼22–24 kbar, ∼520°C. Lawsonite
eclogite and blueschist at the tectonized margin of the same pod equilibrated at similar temperatures and slightly lower pressures.
The composite eclogite–blueschist pod is foliated, lineated, and folded. An earlier generation of lineated omphacite in the
pod core has a different spatial orientation than the lineation at the pod margin, although electron backscattered diffraction
data show that core and rim omphacite have similar lattice preferred orientation patterns. Petrologic and structural data
are consistent with mechanical formation of pods by folding and dissection of eclogite layers at high-P, and localized retrogression at pod margins during initial stages of exhumation at P–T conditions >425°C, 16 kbar. 相似文献
8.
Frequency distributions of true interfacial angles in high-grade,regional metamorphic rocks from Broken Hill indicate that interfacialtension varies with relative crystallographic orientation incommon minerals. In some single-phase aggregates (e.g. quartz,feldspar, garnet, and calcite) the grains are equant and polygonal,anisotropy of interfacial tension having only a small effecton the appearance of such aggregates. This is also true of two-phaseaggregates of these phases, but their appearance is complicatedby the presence of inclusions, the relative proportions of ihephases, and the characteristic dihedral angle formed by a grainof one phase in contact with two grains of the other. In phases for which interfacial tension is more orientation-dependent,crystal forms exert some control on the appearance of the microstructure.For example, in hornblende and pyroxene aggregates, some interfacesare parallel to planes of the form {110}, although most areirrational. In still more anisotropic phases, low-energy forms(e.g. {001} of biotite and {110} of sillimanite) are very stable,giving rise to a predominance of planar, rational boundariesover curved, adjustment boundaries. Anisotropy of interfacial tension is expressed in the shapesof inclusions. However, even where strongly anisotropic mineralsare involved, inclusions with partly planar boundaries occuralongside inclusions with completely curved boundaries. 相似文献
9.
Imbricate wedge marks (facets) on garnets in sandstones of the Cambrian Munising Formation of northern Michigan are associated with mouldic secondary porosity developed at the expense of garnet. Mouldic pores surrounding faceted garnets indicate that garnets in these sandstones have been affected by intrastratal dissolution (retreat of the mineral surface from its original boundaries) rather than by grain enlargement, which would be expected if garnet overgrowths had formed. The association of garnet facets with textural evidence of garnet dissolution proves that garnet facets form by intrastratal dissolution. These results confirm similar findings in other recent studies, and extend the geographic and stratigraphic range of proven occurrences of facet formation by intrastratal dissolution. 相似文献
10.
ZHANG Shaomin CAO Yingchang Jens JAHREN ZHU Rukai MAO Zhiguo XI Kelai Kashif MUHAMMAD Helge HELLEVANG 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(3):1170-1192
This work investigated the pore structure characteristics and reservoir features of the finegrained tight reservoirs in the lower member of the Xinhe Formation(J_2 x_1) in the Xiaohu subsag,Yabulai Basin based on core samples through various techniques. Interbedded silt/fine sandstones and mudstones are developed in the study area. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) images were used to delineate different types of pores, including primary intergranular pores, secondary intergranular and intragranular pores, organic pores and fractures. The pore types were distinguished by pore size, pore area, location and formation process. The pore radii of the fine-grained rocks range from 1 nm to 1.55μm, mainly concentrated between 5 and 300 nm by low pressure N_2 adsorption and MICP analyses. The pore structure parameters of pore throat size and pore throat sorting coefficient are both positively correlated with porosity, while pore throat sorting coefficient has a negative correlation with permeability. The pore structures of the studied samples are much related to the mineral type and content and grain size, followed by TOC content. In these rocks with relatively low TOC and low maturity, the rigid minerals protect pores with pressure shadow from collapse, and dissolution-related pores contribute a lot to inorganic porosity. In contrast, these rocks with abundant TOC contain a large number of organic pores. The permeability of the fine-grained tight reservoir is mainly dominated by larger pore throats, while a large number of small pores(mostly 0.1 μm) contribute considerably to porosity. These results have deepened our understanding of the interbedded fine-grained tight reservoirs and can be applicable to fine-grained reservoirs in a similar setting. 相似文献
11.
为研究溶蚀作用下碳酸盐岩孔隙的演变规律及控制作用,文章选取三峡地区4种类型碳酸盐岩开展溶蚀实验。同时结合扫描电镜、CT成像对实验前后岩石的溶蚀特征及孔隙结构进行测试。结果表明:溶蚀总发生在低晶格能的矿物处且沿矿物晶体的菱形解理面以及薄弱部位发育,表现为对矿物和孔隙等结构的选择性溶解;碳酸盐岩的孔隙度对溶蚀过程影响较小,岩石的孔径大小是影响碳酸盐岩溶蚀速率的重要因素;小孔径岩石的溶蚀多在样品表面发育小型溶孔,大孔径岩石的溶蚀主要发生在孔隙隙壁且有向岩石内部溶蚀的痕迹;经溶蚀改造,孔喉半径和连通性均呈现出增长趋势。本研究对碳酸盐岩差异性岩溶作用机理及岩溶发育规律的认识有一定指导意义。 相似文献
12.
Quartzofeldspathic ultramylonites from the Alpine Fault Zone, one of the world's major, active plate boundary-scale fault zones have quartz crystallographic preferred orientations (CPO) and abundant low-angle (<10° misorientation) boundaries, typical microstructures for dislocation creep-dominated deformation. Geometrically necessary dislocation density estimates indicate mean dislocation densities of ∼109 cm−2. A significant proportion (∼30%) of grain boundaries (>10° misorientation) are decorated by faceted pores, commonly with uniformly-oriented pyramidal shapes. Only grain boundaries with >10° misorientation angles in polymineralic aggregates are decorated by pores. Mean grain boundary pore densities are ∼5 × 108 cm−2. Grain boundary pores are dissolution pits generated during syn-deformational transient grain boundary permeability, nucleating on dislocation traces at dilatant grain boundary interfaces. They have not been removed by subsequent grain boundary closure or annealing. Pore decoration could have led to grain boundary pinning, triggering a switch in the dominant deformation mechanism to grain boundary sliding, which is supported by evidence of CPO destruction in matrix quartz. Pore-decorated grain boundaries have significantly reduced surface area available for adhesion and cohesion, which would reduce the tensile and shear strength of grain boundaries, and hence, the bulk rock. Grain boundary decoration also significantly decreased the mean distance between pores, potentially facilitating dynamic permeability. Consequently, these microstructures provide a new explanation for strain weakening and evidence of fluid flow along grain boundaries in mylonites at mid-crustal conditions. 相似文献
13.
泥页岩储层孔隙结构研究对于页岩油气勘探、开发工作具有重要意义。高压压汞实验法是目前研究页岩孔隙结构、孔径分布广泛使用的方法。有学者对汞在石墨烯材料中润湿性研究发现,液态汞在孔隙中的界面张力γ和润湿角θ是孔半径r的函数,根据这一认识将Washburn方程中的界面张力γ和润湿角θ视为定值的传统数据处理方法表现出明显的不合理性,因此需要对Washburn方程进行参数校正。以松辽盆地青山口组页岩样品为例,进行高压压汞实验,利用校正前后的Washburn方程处理压汞数据,结果发现参数校正后得到的微孔(<2 nm)体积占比,比校正前微孔体积占比增加了118%,中孔(2~50 nm)体积占比减小了7%,大孔(>50 nm)体积占比基本不变,参数校正后得到的孔径分布能更加精确地表征页岩的孔径分布。 相似文献
14.
鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组低渗透储层孔隙结构分类研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用铸体薄片、扫描电镜与常规压汞等资料,对陇东地区延长组低渗透储层孔隙结构分类标准进行了研究。不同孔隙结构特征参数与宏观物性参数的相关分析表明,最大连通喉道半径与渗透率的相关关系最好,为喉道分级的最优参数;运用数据构形的方法确定出了喉道分级界限,建立了储层孔隙、喉道分级标准。综合孔隙与喉道大小的组合及储层孔喉的其他特征,将延长组储层砂岩的孔隙结构划分为六种类型:大中孔粗喉型、中小孔中喉型、中小孔细喉型、小孔微细喉型、细微孔微细喉型和细微孔微喉型。不同孔隙结构类型的储层具有不同的物性特征及不同的产液能力。 相似文献
15.
The effects of brine on recrystallization in halite are well known. However, properties of brine such as morphology, connectivity, diffusivity and the resulting influences on deformation mechanisms are still a matter of debate. This paper presents a microstructural study of dense, statically recrystallizing synthetic polycrystalline halite containing small amounts of brine. We used powders of two different grain size classes: <10 µm and 200–355 µm. The aggregates were compacted to brine-filled porosities less than about 2% and annealed at room temperature, without an external stress field.Coarse-grained samples undergo recrystallization manifested by the growth of large (up to 300 µm) strain-free grains into the deformed old grains. The new grains are frequently euhedral, with mobile grain boundaries moving at rates up to 6 nm/s. Their mobility is interpreted to be high due to the presence of water. Grain surfaces are smooth and the width of the water-rich zones is usually below the resolution of the SEM (less than 50 nm).The evolution of fine-grained samples starts with primary recrystallization and a reorganization of grain boundaries. After this stage, which lasts a few hours, normal grain growth effectively stops, and no significant increase of grain size is observed even after several months. Microstructural observations indicate contact healing at the grain boundaries, with dihedral angles ranging between 20 and 110°. We interpret these boundaries to be fluid-free, with the brine residing in a network of triple junction tubes. This system of triple junctions is interconnected and associated with significant permeability.While grain growth is inhibited in the fine-grained samples, after a few hours of annealing exaggerated grain growth is commonly initiated. This is manifested by the growth of large, euhedral grains replacing the fine-grained matrix. These grains also grow with low-index facets and their boundaries are also interpreted to be mobile due to the existence of a water-rich phase.Editorial Responsibility: J. Hoefs 相似文献
16.
The local pore spaces in granular materials tend to be aligned parallel to the major principal stress direction upon particle mobilization. Manifestation of this response has been numerically validated in our previous studies with the aid of discrete element method modeling and image processing techniques during creep and shearing. We now extend the modeling of pore geometry, constructed with spherical particles, to assemblies of particle clumps. Two-dimensional simulations are performed for both loose and dense assemblies of spherical particles and particle clumps. Each particle packing is bound by rigid or flexible walls and subjected to biaxial compression and the particle mobilization effect on the evolution of pore orientation is explored. Randomly shaped pores surrounded by adjacent particles are geometrically quantified by Delaunay tessellation and fitted with ellipses. Results show that localization is apparent in dense assemblies, in particular for clumped particle packing, while loose assemblies exhibit diffusive failure. Small pores within well-defined shear bands tend to align either parallel to the direction of the shear band or perpendicular to the major principal stress. On the other hand, small pores within the blocks and large pores have a tendency to become elongate towards the major principal stress direction. This study reveals for the first time that pore orientation is dependent upon particle shape, pore size, and assembly conditions on the pore and global scales. 相似文献
17.
The fractal dimension of pores in sedimentary rocks and its influence on permeability 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
E. M. Schlueter R. W. Zimmerman P. A. Witherspoon N. G. W. Cook 《Engineering Geology》1997,48(3-4):199-215
Perimeter-area power-law relationship of pores in five sedimentary rocks are estimated from scanning electron micrographs of thin sections. These relationships for the pores of four sandstones were found to lie between 1.43 and 1.49, while that of an Indiana limestone was found to be 1.67. We show how the perimeter-area power-law relationship of pores, along with a pore-size distribution, can be used to estimate the hydraulic permeability. A discussion is given of how the fractal dimension of the pore perimeter derived by Mandelbrot for islands whose boundaries are fractal: P = εDAD/2, where ε is some constant that depends on the length of the measuring grid size and D is the fractal dimension of the pore perimeter, influences permeability. 相似文献
18.
Stefan Dultz Anna V. Simonyan Julio Pastrana Harald Behrens Michael Plötze Thomas Rath 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(3):969-985
A detailed characterization of the pore space is crucial for understanding of transport and element transfer in rocks. Here, the effect of differences in texture and content of secondary minerals on transport in pore systems was determined for two rocks of widespread occurrence, mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) and granites. Pore space characteristics were analyzed by Hg-porosimetry, intrusion of a molten alloy, and synchrotron-based X-ray tomographic microscopy. For evaluating the role of pore space characteristics for the prediction of diffusive transport, data on porosity, and the effective diffusion coefficient (D eff) were compared. Extended connective pore systems due to cracks and mineral dissolution are present in samples of both rocks, indicating high internal specific surface area. Uneven pore size distributions in altered MORB samples can be assigned to secondary minerals. Pore spaces determined by X-ray tomography, used to determine main direction of pores in the 3-D orthogonal system, suggest a slight anisotropy. In log–log plots, both rocks show roughly a linear dependence of D eff for H2O and compounds with comparable diffusivities (D2O, monovalent cations, and anions) on porosity, but at same porosity D eff is clearly higher in granitic than in basaltic samples. This difference is increasing with decreasing porosity, indicating that at low porosities the efficiency of element transport in basaltic samples is diminished, mainly inherited by the presence of small pores slowing down diffusion. The fact that diffusive transport in basaltic rocks is stronger dependent on porosity than in granitic rocks shows that also other rock characteristics such as pore size distribution and tortuosity of the pore network, highly affected by the alteration degree, can markedly affect transport and reactivity of pore solution. 相似文献
19.
车花是贵金属首饰的重要加工过程,传统操作主要依靠人工来操纵加工件和刀具,要求工人有较高的操作技术和经验,且长时间工作及精力不集中都容易降低加工成品率。全自动平珠车花系统利用计算机视觉技术和控制技术,将任意设计图形转换为动作序列,从而实现车花过程的全自动化。基于中国地质大学（武汉）珠宝学院自主研制的全自动平珠车花系统,介绍了该系统的基本工作原理、硬件结构及应用程序的功能,以及实际的加工效果。本系统有别于其它自动车花系统的特点是利用了计算机视觉技术,可以很精确地得到平珠的刻面位置及高度,从而提高了操作精度,降低了对工件尺寸一致性的要求。经过长时间的试用,与传统手工相比,该系统具有加工精度高、重复性好等优点。 相似文献
20.
山东昌乐—临朐火山岩孔隙系统研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
昌乐－临朐地处山东省中部,位于郯庐断裂带的沂沐断裂段。该地区分布着两百余座大大小小的火山,形成于中新世、上新世和更新世。通过对该区的地质背景、火山岩的分布火山岩相及其裂缝和孔隙发育特征的详细研究,识别出四种（四个）主要的孔隙系统：（１）火山通道相（火山颈相）,连通宏观半充填桩 状层状孔隙系统;（２）火山熔岩相或溢流相,复合型（连通－半连通及宏观－微观、全充填－半充填－未充填）网状孔隙系统;（３）火 相似文献