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1.
Presented here are halogen concentrations (Cl, Br and I) in pore waters and sediments from three deep cores in gas hydrate fields of the Nankai Trough area. The three cores were drilled between 1999 and 2004 in different geologic regions of the northeastern Nankai Trough hydrate zone. Iodine concentrations in all three cores increase rapidly with depth from seawater concentrations (0.00043 mmol/L) to values of up to 0.45 mmol/L. The chemical form of I was identified as I−, in accordance with the anaerobic conditions in marine sediments below the SO4 reduction depth. The increase in I is accompanied by a parallel, although lesser increase in Br concentrations, while Cl concentrations are close to seawater values throughout most of the profiles. Large concentration fluctuations of the three halogens in pore waters were found close to the lower boundary of the hydrate stability zone, related to processes of formation and dissociation of hydrates in this zone. Generally low concentrations of I and Br in sediments and the lack of correlation between sediment and pore water profiles speak against derivation of I and Br from local sediments and suggest transport of halogen rich fluids into the gas hydrate fields. Differences in the concentration profiles between the three cores indicate that modes of transportation shifted from an essentially vertical pattern in a sedimentary basin location to more horizontal patterns in accretionary ridge settings. Because of the close association between organic material and I and the similarity of transport behavior for I− and CH4, the results suggest that the CH4 in the gas hydrates also was transported by aqueous fluids from older sediments into the present layers.  相似文献   

2.
Iodine concentration and radioisotopic composition (129I/I) were measured in the pore waters from the gas hydrate occurrence in the forearc basin offshore Shimokita Peninsula, north-eastern Japan, to determine the source formation of I and accompanying hydrocarbons. Iodine concentrations correlate well with the alkalinity and SO4 patterns, reflecting degradation stages of I-rich buried organic matter, rapidly increasing in the sulfate reduction interval, and becoming constant below 250 meters below the seafloor with an upwelling flux of 1.5 × 10−11 µmol cm−2 year−1. The 129I/I ratios of 300 × 10−15–400 × 10−15 in deep pore waters suggest ages for iodine and hydrocarbon sources as old as 40 Ma. These ages correlate well with the coaly source formations of the Eocene age thought to be responsible for the conventional natural gas deposits underlying the gas hydrate stability zone. Similar profiles are observed in 129I/I ratios of pore waters in the gas hydrate stability zone from the forearc basin in the eastern Nankai Trough, offshore central Japan, where pore waters are enriched in I and reach ages as old as ∼50 Ma through the sediment column. At the outer ridge site along the trough, on the other hand, relatively younger I are more frequently delivered probably through thrusts/faults associated with subduction. The nature of source formations of I and hydrocarbons in the offshore Shimokita Peninsula has a more terrestrial contribution compared with those in the Nankai Trough, but these formations are also considerably older than the host sediments, suggesting long-term transport of I and hydrocarbons for the accumulation of gas hydrates in both locations.  相似文献   

3.
《Chemical Geology》2007,236(3-4):350-366
A gas hydrate field with highly active venting of methane was recently found near Sado Island in the eastern Japan Sea. Piston cores were collected from active venting sites and nearby locations in the Umitaka Spur–Joetsu Knoll area during two cruises in 2004 (UT04) and 2005 (KY05-08). We report here halogen concentrations and 129I/I ratios in pore waters associated with gas hydrates from these expeditions. The strongly biophilic behavior of I and, to a lesser degree, of Br together with the presence of the long-lived iodine radioisotope (129I) allow evaluation of potential source materials for methane in gas hydrate systems. Depth profiles of all three halogens, particularly the very rapid downward increases of Br and I concentrations, strongly suggest input of deep fluids enriched in Br and I, but the profiles also display the effects of gas hydrate formation and dissociation. Although the 129I/I ratios are modified by 129I from seawater and sediments at shallow depth, likely ratios of the deep fluids are estimated to be between 400 × 10− 15 and 600 × 10− 15, equivalent to a Late Oligocene to Early Miocene age. Ages in the active methane venting sites typically are closer to the old end of this range than those in the reference sites. This age range suggests that the methane associated with venting and gas hydrate formation in this area is derived from organic materials accumulated during the initial opening of the Japan Sea. The Umitaka Spur–Joetsu Knoll gas hydrate field demonstrates the movement of deep fluids associated with the release of significant amounts of methane from the seafloor, processes which might be important components of mass transfer and carbon cycle in the shallow geosphere.  相似文献   

4.
《Chemical Geology》1999,153(1-4):53-79
Marine sediment sequences with CH4 hydrate are characterized by an atypical depth profile in dissolved Cl− squeezed from pore space: a shallow subsurface Cl− maximum overlies a lengthy and pronounced Cl− minimum. This pore water Cl− profile represents a combination of multiple processes including glacial–interglacial variations in ocean salinity, advection and diffusion of ions that are excluded during gas hydrate formation at depth, and release of fresh water from dissociation of hydrate during core recovery. In situ quantities of gas hydrate can be determined from a measured pore water Cl− profile provided the in situ pore water signature prior to core recovery can be separated. Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 997 was drilled into a large CH4 hydrate reservoir on the Blake Ridge in the western Atlantic Ocean. Previously we have constructed a high-resolution pore water Cl− profile at this location; here we present a `coupled chloride-hydrate' numerical model to explain basic trends in the Cl− profile and to isolate in situ Cl− concentrations. The model is based on thermodynamic and ecological considerations, and uses established equations for describing chemical behavior in marine sediment–pore water systems. The model incorporates four key concepts: (1) most gas hydrate is formed immediately below the SO42− reduction zone; (2) fluid, dissolved ions and gas advect upward through the sediment column; (3) CH4 hydrate dissociates at the base of hydrate stability conditions; and (4) seawater salinity fluctuates during glacial–interglacial cycles of the late Pliocene and Quaternary. Rates of upward advection in the model are sufficient to account for measured Br− and I− concentrations as well as CH4 oxidation at the base of the SO42− reduction zone. In situ pore water Cl− inferred from the model is similar to that determined by limited direct sampling; in situ CH4 hydrate amounts inferred from the model (an average of about 4% of porosity) are broadly consistent with those determined by direct gas sampling and indirect geophysical techniques. The model also predicts production of substantial quantities of free CH4 gas bubbles (>2.5% of porosity) at a depth immediately below the lowest accumulation of CH4 hydrate in the sediment column. Our explanation for the pore water Cl− profile at Site 997 is important because it provides a theoretical mechanism for understanding the distribution of interstitial water Cl−, gas hydrate, and free gas in a marine sediment column.  相似文献   

5.
南海北部是中国海上油气的重要基地,也是中国天然气水合物调查的首选地区。对南海北部东沙群岛附近具有BSR特征的HD196站位沉积物样品的地球化学特征进行综合分析,得到以下结果:柱状样沉积物的常量元素的分布具有分段性,且与沉积物孔隙水中的离子浓度和甲烷含量的变化趋势相一致,可能对其下面是否存在天然气水合物有指示意义;同时柱状样沉积物孔隙水中离子浓度的变化与世界上发现天然气水合物地点的孔隙水离子浓度的变化一致。HD196站位的地质条件表明本站位具有天然气水合物形成的温压条件、气源条件和构造条件,因此在本站位的下面赋存天然气水合物的可能性比较大,在此进一步工作有可能取得天然气水合物勘查的突破。  相似文献   

6.
Abstract. The Nankai Trough parallels the Japanese Island, where extensive BSRs have been interpreted from seismic reflection records. High resolution seismic surveys and drilling site-survey wells conducted by the MTI in 1997, 2001 and 2002 have revealed subsurface gas hydrate at a depth of about 290 mbsf (1235 mbsl) in the easternmost part of Nankai Trough. The MITI Nankai Trough wells were drilled in late 1999 and early 2000 to provide physical evidence for the existence of gas hydrate. During field operations, continuous LWD and wire-line well log data were obtained and numerous gas hydrate-bearing cores were recovered. Subsequence sedimentologic and geochemical analyses performed on the cores revealed important geologic controls on the formation and preservation of natural gas hydrate. This knowledge is crucial to predicting the location of other hydrate deposits and their eventual energy resource. Pore-space gas hydrates reside in sandy sediments from 205 to 268 mbsf mostly filling intergranular porosity. Pore waters chloride anomalies, core temperature depression and core observations on visible gas hydrates confirm the presence of pore-space hydrates within moderate to thick sand layers. Gas hydrate-bearing sandy strata typically were 10 cm to a meter thick. Gas hydrate saturations are typically between 60 and 90 % throughout most of the hydrate-dominant sand layers, which are estimated by well log analyses as well as pore water chloride anomalies.
It is necessary for evaluating subfurface fluid dlow behavious to know both porosity and permeability of gas hydrate-bearing sand to evaluate subsurface fluid flow behaviors. Sediment porosities and pore-size distributions were obtained by mercury porosimetry, which indicate that porosities of gas hydrate-bearing sandy strata are approximately 40 %. According to grain size distribution curves, gas hydrate is dominant in fine- to very fine-grained sandy strata.  相似文献   

7.
We report and discuss molecular and isotopic properties of hydrate-bound gases from 55 samples and void gases from 494 samples collected during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 204 at Hydrate Ridge offshore Oregon. Gas hydrates appear to crystallize in sediments from two end-member gas sources (deep allochthonous and in situ) as mixtures of different proportions. In an area of high gas flux at the Southern Summit of the ridge (Sites 1248-1250), shallow (0-40 m below the seafloor [mbsf]) gas hydrates are composed of mainly allochthonous mixed microbial and thermogenic methane and a small portion of thermogenic C2+ gases, which migrated vertically and laterally from as deep as 2- to 2.5-km depths. In contrast, deep (50-105 mbsf) gas hydrates at the Southern Summit (Sites 1248 and 1250) and on the flanks of the ridge (Sites 1244-1247) crystallize mainly from microbial methane and ethane generated dominantly in situ. A small contribution of allochthonous gas may also be present at sites where geologic and tectonic settings favor focused vertical gas migration from greater depth (e.g., Sites 1244 and 1245). Non-hydrocarbon gases such as CO2 and H2S are not abundant in sampled hydrates. The new gas geochemical data are inconsistent with earlier models suggesting that seafloor gas hydrates at Hydrate Ridge formed from gas derived from decomposition of deeper and older gas hydrates. Gas hydrate formation at the Southern Summit is explained by a model in which gas migrated from deep sediments, and perhaps was trapped by a gas hydrate seal at the base of the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ). Free gas migrated into the GHSZ when the overpressure in gas column exceeded sealing capacity of overlaying sediments, and precipitated as gas hydrate mainly within shallow sediments. The mushroom-like 3D shape of gas hydrate accumulation at the summit is possibly defined by the gas diffusion aureole surrounding the main migration conduit, the decrease of gas solubility in shallow sediment, and refocusing of gas by carbonate and gas hydrate seals near the seafloor to the crest of the local anticline structure.  相似文献   

8.
西藏羌塘盆地鸭湖地区天然气水合物成藏条件   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
近年来中国陆域冻土区天然气水合物调查研究结果表明,气源条件是制约羌塘盆地天然气水合物找矿突破的关键因素。为明确鸭湖地区天然气水合物成藏潜力,基于近年来的钻探调查成果,从陆域冻土区天然气水合物成藏系统理论出发,系统分析了影响天然气水合物成藏的冻土、气源、储集、构造等地质因素。分析结果显示,鸭湖地区局部具有较好的冻土、地温、气源、储集、构造及水源条件,具备一定的天然气水合物成藏潜力,继续寻找充足的烃类气源是下一步天然气水合物调查的主要方向。同时,选取钻探调查获取的地温梯度、气体组分等参数,结合音频大地电磁测深(AMT)冻土厚度调查成果,对鸭湖地区天然气水合物稳定带的厚度和底界深度进行了预测。结果显示,当甲烷为85%、乙烷为9%、丙烷为6%时,天然气水合物稳定带厚度与冻土厚度分布变化基本一致,稳定带厚度400~630m,底界深度400~680m。当甲烷为98%、乙烷为2%时,天然气水合物稳定带厚度急剧减薄,大部分地区仅有0~30m,最厚仅有150m,局部地区稳定带底界最深仅为240m。结合气测录井结果,认为渐新世唢呐湖组比上三叠统土门格拉组更具备天然气水合物成藏潜力,土门格拉组自身具备较强的生排烃能力,可作为寻找常规油气或页岩气的一个重要层位。  相似文献   

9.
《China Geology》2020,3(2):210-220
Shenhu Area is located in the Baiyun Sag of Pearl River Mouth Basin, which is on the northern continental slope of the South China Sea. Gas hydrates in this area have been intensively investigated, achieving a wide coverage of the three-dimensional seismic survey, a large number of boreholes, and detailed data of the seismic survey, logging, and core analysis. In the beginning of 2020, China has successfully conducted the second offshore production test of gas hydrates in this area. In this paper, studies were made on the structure of the hydrate system for the production test, based on detailed logging data and core analysis of this area. As to the results of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging and sonic logging of Well GMGS6-SH02 drilled during the GMGS6 Expedition, the hydrate system on which the production well located can be divided into three layers: (1) 207.8–253.4 mbsf, 45.6 m thick, gas hydrate layer, with gas hydrate saturation of 0–54.5% (31% av.); (2) 253.4–278 mbsf, 24.6 m thick, mixing layer consisting of gas hydrates, free gas, and water, with gas hydrate saturation of 0–22% (10% av.) and free gas saturation of 0–32% (13% av.); (3) 278–297 mbsf, 19 m thick, with free gas saturation of less than 7%. Moreover, the pore water freshening identified in the sediment cores, taken from the depth below the theoretically calculated base of methane hydrate stability zone, indicates the occurrence of gas hydrate. All these data reveal that gas hydrates, free gas, and water coexist in the mixing layer from different aspects.  相似文献   

10.
徐小蕾  白辰阳  苏丕波  马倩  张宇  梁金强 《地质论评》2023,69(6):2023060012-2023060012
为了探明矿物类型对于天然气水合物成藏的影响,笔者等利用南海北部神狐海域W07站位样品及其水合物饱和度数据,进行XRD全岩和黏土矿物测试分析、比表面积分析以及束缚水能力综合分析。结果表明,海床下110~127 m（即110~127 mbsf,meters below sea floor, 海床以下深度）为水合物储层段,海床下127~156 m为非水合物储层段。通过XRD分析可知,高石英及长石含量,低伊蒙混层含量的层段,比表面积与束缚水能力较低,说明其具有相对较好的孔渗条件,为水合物的运移与储集提供了良好的空间条件,因此形成水合物储层段;而在高伊蒙混层的层段中,比表面积较大,束缚水能力较强,其对甲烷气体及流体的吸附和束缚能力较强,对水合物成藏起到潜在的封隔作用,成为非储层段,储层与非储层段纵向叠置序列有利于优质水合物储层的形成。本次研究总结了矿物组分与优质水合物储层之间的关系,并揭示两者存在的潜在成因联系,以期丰富水合物富集成藏的基础理论,对未来南海北部天然气水合物的商业化开发提供支持。  相似文献   

11.
海洋天然气水合物元素地球化学异常的实验研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  
刘昌岭  陈敏  业渝光 《现代地质》2005,19(1):96-100
海洋天然气水合物在生成过程中会引起周围沉积物孔隙水中元素地球化学异常,这些异常是指示天然气水合物存在的重要标志。在自制的实验装置上,模拟了海洋天然气水合物的生成过程,对海水中各离子浓度的变化进行了初步研究。结果表明：在不同的反应条件下,水合物的生成对各离子浓度变化的影响不同。压力越大,耗气量越大,生成水合物的量就大、纯度高,其排盐效应也较强,导致海水溶液中离子浓度的增高,而水合物中离子含量却呈降低趋势。  相似文献   

12.
Rising methane gas bubbles form massive hydrate layers at the seafloor   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
Extensive methane hydrate layers are formed in the near-surface sediments of the Cascadia margin. An undissociated section of such a layer was recovered at the base of a gravity core (i.e. at a sediment depth of 120 cm) at the southern summit of Hydrate Ridge. As a result of salt exclusion during methane hydrate formation, the associated pore waters show a highly elevated chloride concentration of 809 mM. In comparison, the average background value is 543 mM.A simple transport-reaction model was developed to reproduce the Cl− observations and quantify processes such as hydrate formation, methane demand, and fluid flow. From this first field observation of a positive Cl− anomaly, high hydrate formation rates (0.15-1.08 mol cm−2 a−1) were calculated. Our model results also suggest that the fluid flow rate at the Cascadia accretionary margin is constrained to 45-300 cm a−1. The amount of methane needed to build up enough methane hydrate to produce the observed chloride enrichment exceeds the methane solubility in pore water. Thus, most of the gas hydrate was most likely formed from ascending methane gas bubbles rather than solely from CH4 dissolved in the pore water.  相似文献   

13.
The isotopic composition (δD and δ18O) and chloride concentration (Cl−) of pore waters from the northern Cascadia continental margin offshore Vancouver Island were measured to characterize the relations between the water flow regime and the distribution, formation and dissociation of gas hydrates. The δD values of pore waters in gas hydrate-bearing sediments are slightly higher ( 1‰) than those of seawater as the result of gas hydrate dissociation during core recovery and handling. Within the seismic blanking zone, the δD values were slightly lower (− 1‰) than values measured from sites outside the blanking area (0‰). We attribute these differences to 1) distillation of D-rich water during hydrate formation in the center of the blanking zone and 2) limited migration of pore water between inside and outside of the blanking zone due to different fluid fluxes. In contrast, the δ18O values and Cl− concentrations do not show significant spatial variation due to decreased isotopic fractionation of oxygen and small fraction of chloride relative to hydrogen isotope during gas hydrate formation. The δD value of pore water, therefore, appears to be a sensitive indicator of gas hydrate occurrence. We estimate that gas hydrate occupied at least 2.0 to 6.3% of sediment pore space using δD distribution in this area.  相似文献   

14.
Large quantities of highly saline brine flow from gas wells in the Marcellus Formation after hydraulic stimulation (“fracking”). This study assesses the composition of these flowback waters from the Marcellus shale in Pennsylvania, USA. Concentrations of most inorganic components of flowback water (Cl, Br, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, Ra, Fe, Mn, total dissolved solids, and others) increase with time from a well after hydraulic stimulation. Based on results in several datasets reported here, the greatest concentration of Cl− in flowback water is 151,000 mg/L. For total Ra (combined 226Ra and 228Ra) in flowback, the highest level reported is 6540 pCi/L. Flowback waters from hydraulic fracturing of Marcellus wells resemble brines produced from conventional gas wells that tap into other Paleozoic formations in the region. The Br/Cl ratio and other parameters indicate that both types of brine formed by the evaporation of seawater followed by dolomitization, sulfate reduction and subsurface mixing with seawater and/or freshwater. Trends and relationships in brine composition indicate that (1) increased salt concentration in flowback is not mainly caused by dissolution of salt or other minerals in rock units, (2) the flowback waters represent a mixture of injection waters with highly concentrated in situ brines similar to those in the other formations, and (3) these waters contain concentrations of Ra and Ba that are commonly hundreds of times the US drinking water standards.  相似文献   

15.
The Kangan Aquifer (KA) is located below a gas reservoir in the crest of the Kangan Anticline, southwest of Iran. This aquifer is composed of Permo-Triassic limestone, dolomite, sandstone, anhydrite and shale. It is characterized by a total dissolved solid of about 332,000 mg/L and Na–Ca–Cl-type water. A previous study showed that the source of the KA waters is evaporated seawater. Chemical evolution of the KA is the main objective of this study. The major, minor and trace element concentrations of the KA waters were measured. The chemical evolution of KA waters occurred by three different processes: evaporation of seawater, water–rock and water–gas interactions. Due to the seawater evaporation process, the concentration of all ions in the KA waters increased up to saturation levels. In comparison to the evaporated seawater, the higher concentrations of Ca, Li, Sr, I, Mn and B and lower concentrations of Mg, SO4 and Na and no changes in concentrations of Cl and K ions are observed in the KA waters. Based on the chemical evolution after seawater evaporation, the KA waters are classified into four groups: (1) no evolution (Cl, K ions), (2) water–rock interaction (Na, Ca, Mg, Li and Sr ions), (3) water–gas interaction (SO4 and I ions) and (4) both water–rock and water–gas interactions (Mn and B ions). The chemical evolution processes of the KA waters include dolomitization, precipitation, ion exchange and recrystallization in water–rock interaction. Bacterial reduction and diagenesis of organic material in water–gas interaction also occur. A new type of chart, Caexcess versus Mgdeficit, is proposed to evaluate the dolomitization process.  相似文献   

16.
To help constrain models involving the chemical stability and lifetime of gas clathrate hydrates exposed at the seafloor, dissolution rates of pure methane and carbon-dioxide hydrates were measured directly on the seafloor within the nominal pressure-temperature (P/T) range of the gas hydrate stability zone. Other natural boundary conditions included variable flow velocity and undersaturation of seawater with respect to the hydrate-forming species. Four cylindrical test specimens of pure, polycrystalline CH4 and CO2 hydrate were grown and fully compacted in the laboratory, then transferred by pressure vessel to the seafloor (1028 m depth), exposed to the deep ocean environment, and monitored for 27 hours using time-lapse and HDTV cameras. Video analysis showed diameter reductions at rates between 0.94 and 1.20 μm/s and between 9.0 and 10.6 · 10−2 μm/s for the CO2 and CH4 hydrates, respectively, corresponding to dissolution rates of 4.15 ± 0.5 mmol CO2/m2s and 0.37 ± 0.03 mmol CH4/m2s. The ratio of the dissolution rates fits a diffusive boundary layer model that incorporates relative gas solubilities appropriate to the field site, which implies that the kinetics of the dissolution of both hydrates is diffusion-controlled. The observed dissolution of several mm (CH4) or tens of mm (CO2) of hydrate from the sample surfaces per day has major implications for estimating the longevity of natural gas hydrate outcrops as well as for the possible roles of CO2 hydrates in marine carbon sequestration strategies.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract. The Nankai Trough runs along the Japanese Islands, where extensive BSRs have been recognized in its forearc basins. High resolution seismic surveys and site-survey wells undertaken by the MITI have revealed the gas hydrate distribution at a depth of about 290 mbsf. The MITI Nankai Trough wells were drilled in late 1999 and early 2000. The highlights were successful retrievals of abundant gas hydrate-bearing cores in a variety of sediments from the main hole and the post survey well-2, keeping the cored gas hydrate stable, and the obtaining of continuous well log data in the gas hydrate-dominant intervals from the main hole, the post survey well-1 and the post survey well-3. Gas-hydrate dominant layers were identified at the depth interval from 205 to 268 mbsf. Pore-space hydrate, very small in size, was recognized mostly filling intergranular pores of sandy sediments. Anomalous chloride contents in extracted pore water, core temperature depression, core observations as well as visible gas hydrates confirmed the presence of pore-space hydrates within moderate to thick sand layers. Gas hydrate-bearing sandy strata typically were 10 cm to a meter thick with porosities of about 40 %. Gas hydrate saturations in most hydrate-dominant layers were quite high, up to 90 % pore saturation.
All the gas hydrate-bearing cores were subjected to X-ray CT imagery measurements for observation of undisturbed sedimentary textures and gas-hydrate occurrences before being subjected to other analyses, such as (1) petrophysical properties, (2) biostratigraphy, (3) geochemistry, (4) microbiology and (5) gas hydrate characteristics.  相似文献   

18.
海洋天然气水合物的类型及特征   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  
根据天然气水合物的产出条件,海洋环境水合物可以分为二类扩散系统水合物和渗漏系统水合物。扩散系统水合物分布广泛,在水合物稳定带内是水-水合物两相共存的热力学平衡体系,游离气仅发育于稳定带之下,在地震剖面上发育有指示水合物底界的强反射面(BSR)。该类水合物含量低,埋藏深。除温度和压力外,水合物的沉淀受甲烷溶解度和扩散速度的控制,并与气体组分、孔隙水盐度、天然气供应和有机碳转化等有关。渗漏系统与断层等通道相伴生,水合物发育于渗漏系统整个水合物稳定带,是水-水合物-游离气三相共存的热力学非平衡体系,水合物的沉淀受动力学控制。该类水合物含量高,埋藏浅,但一般不发育BSR。而且,天然气渗漏活动在海底沉积物和上覆水体中形成了一系列特殊的地质、地球物理、地球化学和特异生物群异常。  相似文献   

19.
依据地热资料研究天然气水合物稳定带厚度在东海海域的分布情况。东海在地质构造上位于新生代环太平洋构造带西部边缘岛弧的内侧,又是欧亚板块、太平洋板块和菲律宾海板块的相互作用带。依据国际热流委员会(IHFC)提供的东海地热数据,经过统计确定出该区域的热流分布,热流平均值为121·0mW/m2,最小值为73·0mW/m2,最大值为168·0mW/m2。同时利用天然气水合物温压模型计算了稳定带厚度,数据显示稳定带厚度平均值为92·2m,最小值为1·4m,最大值为190·6m,薄于其他已经发现的海洋天然气水合物稳定带厚度(约400m)。天然气水合物大部分分布在条件适宜的陆坡和岛坡上,冲绳海槽底部水合物稳定带厚度相对较薄。统计分析表明本区热流值与水合物稳定带厚度相关性很差,相关系数仅有0·12。这是由于天然气水合物所在海域水深较浅时,海底温度的变化迫使运算所应用的非线性方程影响因子迅速积累,从而导致相关系数降低。最后结合东海陆坡的地质条件,探讨了在天然气水合物存在的情况下,陆坡失稳的可能性及其造成的环境影响。  相似文献   

20.
在海洋天然气水合物的勘查与研究中地球化学方法发挥了重大作用。利用海洋沉积物孔隙水中各种离子含量和同位素异常可以有效示踪天然气水合物的存在, 其中Cl-浓度异常、SO42-浓度梯度和氧同位素组成异常已成为指示天然气水合物存在的灵敏示踪剂。通过对比有和没有天然气水合物存在的海域浅表层沉积物中孔隙水的NH4+和HPO42-含量, 发现有天然气水合物区的孔隙水中NH4+和HPO42-浓度明显偏高, 且存在与SO42-类似的浓度梯度曲线, 认为孔隙水中NH4+和HPO42-浓度异常有可能成为一种新的地球化学示踪剂, 指示天然气水合物的存在; 探讨了引起孔隙水中NH +和HPO 2-浓度异常的可能机理及精确测定这些离子含量的方法。  相似文献   

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