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1.
海洋是生命的摇篮、资源的宝库和国家安全的屏障,是未来人类可持续发展的重要战略空间。到目前为止,广袤深邃的海洋只有5%的区域被人类探索,加快海洋科技创新、提高海洋资源开发能力、保护海洋生态环境是实现“关心海洋、认识海洋、经略海洋”的根本,事关国家发展的命脉。海洋问题的复杂性使其无法通过单一学科的研究得以解决。目前,我国海洋科学的研究已逐步从过去的跟跑阶段进入并跑阶段,但原始创新能力明显不足。本文回顾分析了我国海洋科学领域的研究进展与发展态势,对标找出与世界先进国家的差距,展望了今后的发展方向,指出围绕海洋多尺度相互作用与气候变化、健康海洋、海洋生命过程、跨圈层流固耦合、快速变化的极地系统、海岸带可持续发展等重大科学前沿,加强顶层设计和战略布局,开展跨尺度、跨圈层的多学科交叉研究,组织并发起我国主导的国际大科学计划,从而显著提升我国在海洋科学研究领域的国际影响力,切实提高保障国家安全和服务社会经济发展需求的能力,为建设海洋强国、构建人类命运共同体提供重要科技支撑。 相似文献
2.
自20世纪90年代末以来,在有关国家专项的支持下,中国先后研制了分别取自黄海、东海和南海的共9个大陆架沉积物地球化学标准物质,基本构成了一个比较有代表性的中国海及大陆架沉积物标准物质系列,为中国海洋国土及专属经济区调查研究工作提供了有力技术支撑.本文简介了这些标准的研制背景、概况,着重评介了这些标准物质的特点,特别说明了该标准物质系列在海洋地质调查与研究中应用及在地质分析技术发展上的意义. 相似文献
3.
The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative, abbreviated as the Belt and Road Initiative, is a primary development strategy of China’s future international cooperation. Especially, the energy resource cooperation, including oil and gas resources cooperation, is an important part of this initiative. The Belt and Road has undergone complicated geological evolution, and contains abundant mineral resources such as oil, gas, coal, uranium, iron, copper, gold and manganese ore resources. Among these, Africa holds 7.8% of the world’s total proven oil reserves. The oil and gas resources in Africa are relatively concentrated, with an overall low exploration degree and small consumption demand. Nigeria and Libya contain the most abundant oil resources in Africa, accounting for 2.2% and 2.9% of the world’s total reserves, respectively. Nigeria and Algeria hold the richest natural gas resources in Africa, occupying 2.8% and 2.4% of the world’s total reserves, respectively. Africa’s oil and gas resources are mainly concentrated in Egypt, Sultan and Western Sahara regions in the northern Africa, and the Gulf of Guinea, Niger River and Congo River area in the western Africa. The Russia–Central Asia area holds rich petroleum resources in Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. The potential oil and gas areas include the West Siberia Basin, East Siberia Basin and sea continental shelf in Russia, the northern and central Caspian Basin in Kazakhstan, the right bank of the Amu-Darya Basin, the East Karakum uplift and the South Caspian Basin in Turkmenistan, and the Amu–Daria Basin, Fergana Basin, Afghan–Tajik Basin and North Ustyurt Basin in Uzbekistan. The Middle East oil and gas resources are mainly distributed in the Zagros foreland basin and Arabian continental margin basin, and the main oil-producing countries include Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq. The Asia Pacific region is a new oil and gas consumption center, with rapid growth of oil and gas demand. In 2012, this region consumed about 33.6% of the world’s total oil consumption and 18.9% of the world’s total natural gas consumption, which has been ranked the world’s largest oil and gas consumption center. The oil and gas resources are concentrated in China, Indosinian, Malaysia, Australia and India. The abundant European proven crude oil reserves are in Norway, Britain and Denmark and also rich natural gas resources in Norway, Holland and Britain. Norway and Britain contain about 77.5% of European proven oil reserves, which accounts for only 0.9% of the world’s proven reserves. The Europe includes main petroliferous basins of the Voring Basin, Anglo–Dutch Basin, Northwest German Basin, Northeast German–Polish Basin and Carpathian Basin. According to the analysis of source rocks, reservoir rocks, cap rocks and traps for the main petroliferous basins, the potential oil and gas prospecting targets in the Belt and Road are mainly the Zagros Basin and Arabic Platform in the Middle East, the East Barents Sea Basin and the East Siberia Basin in Russia–Central Asia, the Niger Delta Basin, East African rift system and the Australia Northwest Shelf. With the development of oil and gas theory and exploration technology, unconventional petroleum resources will play an increasingly important role in oil and gas industry. 相似文献
4.
我国海洋生态系统基础研究的发展--国际趋势和国内需求 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
进入21世纪,许多学科都对其以往的进展作了回顾,对其未来的发展作了展望;一些大型国际研究计划也在过去所取得的成就的基础上,在世界人口需求的框架下制定了新世纪的目标和研究内容;我国则确定了全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标,并就此制定了国家中长期科学和技术发展规划。结合海洋学科的发展趋势、我国未来社会经济发展的需求、重大国际研究计划的整合动向等3个方面,就我国海洋生态系统基础研究的发展作一些讨论。 相似文献
5.
Analysis on Marine Science and Technology Strategy and Key Layout of Japan and the Inspirations to China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Basic Ocean Law (BOL) and Basic Ocean Plan (BLP) are important guarantee for the maritime strategy of Japan, which has established a complete policy system for the development of marine science and technology. On the other hand, the Japanese Government has started some major marine strategies and plans to promote the BLP. In this paper, the marine science and technology plans launched by the Japanese Government and its participation in the international cooperative research projects were introduced. The research of Japan Marine Science and Technology Center and the University of Tokyo Institute of Oceanography in the long-term planning and focus on the layout features, deep sea research technology layout, contents and advanced equipment were analyzed. At last, some recommendations for China’s development on marine science and technology were proposed, such as strengthening the legislation work and process, carrying out research and development of marine infrastructure with independent intellectual property rights, actively participating in international large-scale ocean plan, improving the discourse right and enhancing national maritime awareness and suggestions and so on. 相似文献
6.
近10年来,我国海洋地质工作在海岸带、近海与管辖海域、大陆架边缘海和深海大洋开展了地质构造、矿产资源、环境灾害和探查技术及仪器设备等方面的调查研究和研发,取得一系列重要成果。如历时8年的“我国近海海洋综合调查与评价”专项(908专项),完成了1∶100万管辖海域的16个图幅、1∶25万13个图幅的综合调查和9个区块海砂资源评价; 在南海北部琼东南盆地发现了3个大气田; 开展了海岸带环境地质调查评价与图集(1∶400万)编制; “南海深海过程演变”专项研究与南黄海陆架区科学钻探均有新发现; 海底石油勘探与开发技术(“海洋石油981”钻井平台)、南海北部海域天然气水合物探测技术及发现(Ⅱ型天然气水合物、可燃冰冷泉)、南海天然气水合物试采成功,以及海底探测技术与采样设备的研发等等取得了实质性进展或突破。这些重要成果极大地提高了我国海洋地质调查的程度、研究水平和综合实力。 相似文献
7.
The Adriatic Sea, and its northern part in particular, is a highly illustrative example of the changing political geography of the sea. In the 1990's the changing political map was influenced by the break-up of Yugoslavia. As a consequence two successor states, Croatia and Slovenia, started delimitation of their common and new international border. In spite of the fact that a joint boundary commission managed to resolve disputes along almost the entire length of the land border, there are several disputed points remaining as well as unresolved issues of maritime delimitation. The authors analysed the existing claims of the two countries and suggested a possible solution. Regardless of existing problems, there are favourable conditions to develop intensive cross-border cooperation. 相似文献
8.
东海陆架第四纪地层层序的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据我局在东海陆架所获得的区域海洋地质和工程地质调查资料,对已有的第四纪地质孔进行统一的第四纪地层划分和对比,建立了东海陆架第四纪地层层序。将第四系四分,从老到新依次为下更新统西湖组、中更新统金鸡山组、上更新统西泠组、全新统海礁组或下全新统鸡骨礁组、中全新统大戟山组、上全新统嵊泗组。 相似文献
9.
近年来,国家对矿产资源的政策有很大转变。在能源结构上,正在减少使用煤炭等污染较大的能源矿产,居民供暖方面未来以天然气为主。同时限制一些高能耗高排放的金属制品。矿产生产方面,在中国,一些储量下降过快或产能过剩污染高的矿产,不再鼓励大量生产和对外出口,同时强调利用国外资源,满足国家需求。对矿产综合利用的重视也提高到了新的高度。丝绸之路经济带国家矿产资源丰富,希望通过吸引国外投资和先进技术,发展本国矿产经济,提高当地居民的生活水平。中国和中亚各国的需求对接,为中国政府、企业、地勘单位进入中亚进行矿产开发奠定了良好的基础。梳理了中国及中亚五国的矿产资源开发利用现状和相关政策,从外部环境、资源互补、环境保护、基础设施等方面分析了中国政府、企业、地勘单位在中亚进行矿产开发存在的机遇和挑战,并针对上述问题,提出了需求对接、资源整合、环境评估、基地建设等相关对策建议。 相似文献
10.
中国煤地质学已经历萌芽、创建准备、创建和大发展等四个阶段。影响其产生和发展的主要因素有生产力、社会制度、外力推动、教育促进和新技术应用等。随着改革开放的深入,我国煤地质学研究在上述因素作用下,呈现出新的发展前景,表现在研究领域、新技术与理论应用、国际间合作及煤地质科技人才培养等诸方面都具有较大的发展空间。 相似文献
11.
中国地质图书馆可追溯到1916年,是中国最早的科技专业图书馆机构。初创时期的负责人李学清、赵志新、卢祖荫致力于规范图书管理、建设独立馆舍、服务学术研究等,为发展中国地质事业、推动地质科技创新、培养地质人才、促进国际交流合作做出了重要贡献,其个人作为机构初创者和领域科学家,具有较高的行业地位与影响力,时至今日仍具有借鉴和启发意义。 相似文献
12.
2016年10月13~21日,第10届全国工程地质大会在四川省成都市顺利召开。本次会议是全国工程地质大会有史以来的首次千人大会。会议围绕国家提出的“一带一路”建设涉及的交通、能源、海洋、城市等重大工程地质问题、工程地质新理论、新技术以及工程地质教育及学科发展等议题设立6个分会场、1个专题讲座和1个青年专场,举办了21个特邀报告、58个主题报告、220个分组报告、19个青年专场报告,为工程地质及相关领域的国内外专家学者提供了广泛沟通、深入探讨及洽谈合作的平台。本次会议展示了我国工程地质基础研究的丰硕成果,体现了工程地质技术创新应用实用的鲜明特点,凸显了工程实践服务国家战略、冲刺难点热点的发展趋势。我国的工程地质事业蓬勃发展,国际影响力不断攀升。 相似文献
13.
本文利用文献计量分析平台和可视化技术,定量分析了2000~2021年海底滑坡领域的研究特征,揭示了不同时间段的研究变化和发展趋势。结果表明: (1)近20年间海底滑坡领域的科研产出数量快速增长,中国是海底滑坡领域发文量增长最快的国家,与其他国家合作关系也比较密切。(2)对比分析中、美研究机构发现美国的研究机构最多,但中国的研究机构与国内外其他机构合作最多,影响力相对较大。(3)国内外近20年来在海底滑坡领域的研究基本保持一致,但最近几年在触发机制研究中,全球学者更关注海啸诱发海底滑坡,而中国学者更关注水合物分解引起的海底滑坡,这将是未来海底滑坡领域研究的新趋势。 相似文献
14.
简介钻掘工程领域国内外发展水平。重点概述在固体矿产岩心钻探、水井钻探、石油天然气钻探、大陆科学钻探、大洋钻探、极地钻探和外星钻探及掘进工程等方面的国内外发展状况与差距，并提出重点研究开发和引进建议。 相似文献
15.
Tibetan Plateau, with its unique characteristics and its impact on the global environment, ecology and climate, is an important research region of the international scientific community. The development of international cooperation in the field of Tibetan Plateau was reviewed and the quantitative statistics and data in accordance with the SCI papers of international cooperation in the field of Tibetan Plateau were analyzed during the 35 years of 1980-2014. The experience of international cooperative research in the field of Tibetan Plateau from starting stage to rapid development to tend to mature stage of development was summarized. International cooperative research has become the main organization of research in the field of Tibetan Plateau. Tibet Plateau international collaboration changing from single academic discipline to multi academic disciplines was analized. Changes in major countries of international cooperation research and independent research in the field of Tibetan Plateau were compared and suggestions for strengthening international cooperative research in the field of Tibetan Plateau for China in the future were put forward. 相似文献
16.
Strategy Analysis of the Marine Science Projects of National Science Foundation of the United States
The National Science Foundation (NSF) is an international research funding institution with significant influence. As one of the main bodies of marine science research grant, NSF plays nonsubstitutable role in the development of marine science, the establishment of international research programs and projects, and the construction of infrastructures in the marine field. By mainly analyzing the area focus of NSF support, grant distribution and change trend, project application and acceptance rate in recent years, we summarized its funding characteristics and trends in marine science, and finally put forward four suggestions for reference to the efficient management of China's funding institutions. 相似文献
17.
月球是人类开展深空探测的首选目标,月球探测是世界各国科技竞争的制高点。开展月球科学前沿研判,对我国实施深空探测战略、规划行星科学研究路径,进而赢得未来竞争优势至关重要。基于Web of Science数据库,本文利用文献计量学方法,对月球科学领域论文产出数量、学科和期刊分布、主要国家和领先机构的竞争力、国际合作等进行了深度分析,并通过聚类分析获得当前研究热点,梳理出五大研究领域和七大前沿问题。过去20年,我国在月球科学研究取得了长足进步,但仍然存在优秀论文少、顶尖学者少、学术期刊少的问题。未来月球科学可能在三个方向上实现突破:月球的水仍将是国际月球探测和研究的重点;月球内部结构探测或是我国弯道超车的机遇;新的月球样品将进一步揭示月球形成和演化的奥秘。本研究结果可以为我国未来月球探测和研究的规划与组织提供参考。 相似文献
18.
根据人类社会和我国发展的新需求和当代地学的新发展，就我国大陆动力学造山带研究的学术思路、起点、科学目标和关键科学问题与主要研究内容及方法进行了分析讨论，提出了几点思考建议。面对地学 发展的挑战与机遇，制定地学前沿领域研究战略，面向全球，从我国大陆地质实际出发，充分发挥地域优势与特色，突出中国大陆动力学关键科学问题，建立持续研究基地，重点解剖，重点突破。以大陆动力学研究为突破口、源头创新，参与国际地学发展与竞争，进入世界地学先进行列，为我国从地学大国走向地学强国而努力，作为中国应有的贡献。 相似文献
19.
俄中两国钻探最优化技术的进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
概述了钻探过程最优化技术的内容、研究方法,对这一国际钻探界的前沿课题在俄罗斯和中国的发展历史进行了简要的回顾,分析了目前俄中两国在该领域的研究现状;指出俄中两国在钻探过程最优化方面已有一批处于国际水平的科研成果和很好的学术储备;就如何面对国际钻探界的新形势深化钻探过程最优化技术研究提出了建议 相似文献
20.
Comparative Analysis of International Energy Consumption Characteristics and China's Countermeasures
With the rise of low carbon economy and the deterioration of the international energy situation, most countries in the world pay more attention to energy issues. In this paper, based on a comparison with several countries of large energy consumption, we used long sequence statistics to analyze the energy consumption characteristics from the world and the history, including energy consumption, energy consumption structure and energy efficiency, and then summed up the characteristics of energy consumption in developed countries, analyzed China's energy consumption process and the current stage, and found out the main problems of energy consumption in China. At last, countermeasures for the healthy development of China's energy were proposed, including actively promoting scientific and technological progress, upgrading energy structure, developing low carbon economy, rationalizing energy prices, improving the proportion of clean energy consumption and emphasizing synergistic effect on environment protection. 相似文献