共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 312 毫秒
1.
Peng Wang Lei Liu Xichuan Liu Shuai Hu Shijun Zhao Wenming Ji Taichang Gao 《地球科学进展》1986,35(7):704-714
The accurate observation of the microphysical structure of cloud and precipitation plays an important role in understanding the formation of clouds and precipitation. In-situ measurement using measuring instruments carried by meteorological balloons is an effective way to obtain the microphysical properties of cloud and precipitation particles, which is a supplementary means for aircraft to observe cloud and precipitation particles. This observation method plays a more and more important role in in-situ measurement. According to the difference of the working principle of the existing balloon-borne cloud and precipitation particles probes, the detectors can be divided into particle impact-sampling sensors, particle imaging sensors, light-scattering sensors, light intensity attenuation sensors and charge measurement sensors. The working principles, key technologies and main advantages and disadvantages of typical instruments were summarized, and their applications to detailed cloud structure acquisition, cloud remote sensing method establishment, cloud and precipitation physical process research and parameterization, and scientific observation of thunderstorm clouds were briefly introduced. Finally, the development trend of balloon-borne cloud precipitation particle detectors was prospected, which will provide reference for related technical research and equipment development. 相似文献
2.
地下水-土壤水-大气水界面水分转化的研究有着重要意义。根据各种研究的出发点和侧重点,从三个方面论述了界面水分转化近年来的研究进展和各种研究方法的原理、优缺点和今后的研究方向。分析指出,界面水分转化的确定在小尺度范围内已取得很大进展,但是多数方法偏重于均匀下垫面均一介质条件下的水分交换研究,对于不均匀下垫面非均一条件下的水分交换问题和区域尺度问题未能很好的解决。在各种研究方法中值得注意的是遥感法、数值法和综合方法。 相似文献
3.
Although India has a long experience in ship-borne experiments and oceanographic instrumentation, the atmospheric component
has not received much attention in the past. In this paper, the basis of the atmospheric instrumentation system assembled
for use on board ORV Sagar Kanya for the BOBMEX-Pilot experiment is described along with some representative results. Wherever
possible, Woods Hole's IMET recommendations for meteorological sensors for applications in the marine environment have been
followed to keep our measurements in par with international standards. The sensors were tested during the BOBMEX-Pilot experiment
and all sensors worked well. Velocity, humidity and temperature data have been successfully collected using fast sensors.
It is shown that the component due to the ship's pitching motion can be removed from the measured vertical velocity by making
use of an accelerometer. This makes it possible to calculate the surface fluxes by direct methods. 相似文献
4.
扼要介绍了卫星高光谱红外大气遥感的原理,气体组分探测技术、反演技术和研究应用的发展历程,着重介绍了该技术在地震监测中的研究应用。遥感气体地球化学在地震监测方面的应用大致可以分为间接观测和直接观测2个方面:1利用卫星红外遥感间接监测地震断裂带脱气;2利用卫星探测大气成分的传感器直接监测地震前后的气体地球化学异常。通过分析地下气体逸散引起的物理化学异常与地震活动的关系,提取地震气体地球化学信息。介绍了典型震例的气体地球化学异常特征及其可能的形成机理,提出了存在的问题以及未来的研究重点。 相似文献
5.
变形监测在工程、施工、运行各阶段均发挥着重要的作用,是确保岩土工程施工、运行安全必不可少的技术措施,是完善岩土工程设计方法的关键性环节和施工、运行技术决策的重要依据。传统的人工监测方法费时费力且监测频次和结果均难以保证。一种基于公用电话网和GPRS网络的数码监测无线传输方法及其装置,通过基于公用电话网的数据采集通信设备,由主控计算机通过无线传输配套软件,设置、控制监测现场的数据采集仪,并将监测结果通过GPRS网络无线传输至主控计算机,从而实现无人值守条件下的岩土工程变形数码遥测。该装置结构简单、精度和自动化程度高、误码率底、稳定性好,监测结果也更为准确、稳定、直观,使岩土工程变形监测不再艰苦和繁重,尤其适用于环境艰苦、条件恶劣等地的自动化遥测。 相似文献
6.
Indirect Measurement of Suction 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This paper reports on indirect soil suction measurement methods. Indirect suction measurement techniques measure the moisture
equilibrium condition of the soil instead of suction. The moisture equilibrium condition of the soil can be determined by
primary means as in vapor pressure, secondary means as through another porous medium or tertiary means as in measuring other
physical properties of the porous medium that indicates its moisture equilibrium condition. Indirect suction measurement techniques
employing primary means include thermocouple psychrometers, transistor psychrometer and chilled-mirror psychrometer. Indirect
suction measurement techniques employing secondary means includes the filter paper method and indirect suction measurement
techniques employing tertiary means include thermal conductivity sensors and electrical conductivity sensors. These techniques
have been widely used in engineering practice and in research laboratories. However, each of these techniques has its own
limitations and capabilities, and active research into improving these techniques is ongoing in universities, research laboratories,
and private sector. This paper outlines working principles, calibration, measurement, and application areas of these methods
based on recent literature and practice. 相似文献
7.
京津冀区域大气霾污染研究意义、现状及展望 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
频发的霾污染是目前京津冀最严重的环境问题。如何协调区域经济合理快速发展与防止大气环境恶化,已经成为公众关注的焦点,也是各级政府亟待解决的问题之一。对国内外典型大气污染事件的产生及治理历程进行了简要回顾;结合我国当前霾污染问题产生的特殊性,分析了京津冀区域霾污染研究对经济和社会发展、气候和环境变化、人体健康和区域和谐发展的现实意义;阐述了京津冀霾污染现象频发的主要客观要素和内在原因,并分析了当前研究工作中的不足。最后,在全球气候变化的大背景下,推测了京津冀及东亚地区未来大气污染的发展趋势。 相似文献
8.
Sounding observation of humidity is an important means of obtaining the atmospheric humidity data. The measurement results of humidity and accuracy of cloud recognition based on that are directly affected by the performance of the radiosonde humidity sensor. In order to better understand the accuracy of the current measurement of the radiosonde at home and abroad, a large number of research results are reviewed. The types of radiosonde and the performance of its humidity sensor are briefly introduced. Moreover, the influence of humidity measurement error on cloud recognition is also discussed. The results show that the error sources of radiosonde humidity measurement are various and it’s a comprehensive result of many factors. In general, accuracy of humidity measurement is more reliable in the low troposphere with high temperature and so with the cloud identification by the humidity. However, the response time is longer and sensitivity of humidity sensor is lower at low temperature, which results in the accuracy of cloud bottom recognition being higher than that of cloud top while the medium and high cloud recognized by radiosonde being less than the reality. Moreover, under high-humidity conditions, the humidity sensors are easily wetted, which leads to the abnormally high value of humidity and resulting in thicker cloud. Furthermore, the radiosonde generally has low humidity anomalies, especially when the synoptic station with high humidity, resulting in missing report of cloud. 相似文献
9.
Nowadays, the usage rates of smartphones are increasing rapidly. With the versatility of its features, smartphones have succeeded in attracting users. Performing this study has also affected the usage rate of smartphones every day. It is possible to determine the position with GPS (Global Positioning System) technology which is located in smartphones. In this study, smartphone location notification was used to detect the locations of the people who were under debris after the earthquake by means of the phones on them. People who cannot be reached for any reason will be immediately identified, and emergency interventions will be possible. Thus, the survival rate of the injured will be high with early intervention. In this study, it was aimed to minimize the loss of life after the earthquake and all the negativities that would be experienced in society due to this loss. The developed application has been tested in the external world, and the obtained data are given in results section.
相似文献10.
《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy》2000,25(8):643-648
There is an immense number of publications and measurement data in atmospheric ozone and water vapor research. Even for the expert it is impossible to keep all current results of research in view. Hence there is a need for an information sytem which enables the user to find documents and corresponding measurement data accurately. The purpose of this research is to construct a prototype retrieval system using methods of conceptual knowledge processing and the sofware TOSCANA. For this purpose a vocabulary for atmosphere research was built from the DFD ozone thesaurus. Furthermore, conceptual hierarchies and topics were developed by experts. 相似文献
11.
文中介绍了一种地面沉降自动化监测的系统方案，该系统是由上位机和下位机组成的分布式结构，数据传输通过公用电话网实现。系统的硬件部分包括位移传感器、控制主机、现场模块控制单元以及调制解调器等，其中传感器应用了CCD(电荷耦合型固体摄像器件)技术，精度可达到0．1mm以上。整个系统均在系统控制软件环境下进行，通过它，可任意设置监测计划，如：每小时测2次或更多；还可以随时了解系统设备的工作状况。通过在长江三角洲地区的数月实地使用，认为这套系统具有精确、可靠、自动化程度高等优点。可以满足实际需要。虽然，自动化技术已广泛应用于许多领域，但在地面沉降监测方面还不多见，有望此项工作能对相关研究有所帮助。 相似文献
12.
大气边界层物理学的研究进展和面临的科学问题 总被引：26，自引：3，他引：26
回顾了大气边界层物理学的发展历史，总结了该领域国际上目前所取得的主要研究进展，提出国内外在未来大气边界层物理学研究方面可能面临的一些主要科学问题，还对未来大气边界层物理学的发展方向提出若干建议，同时也指出了大气边界层物理学研究在思想和方法上应该注意的一些相关问题。 相似文献
13.
由压力传感器、温度传感器、流量传感器、单片机和计算机共同组成投入式水位检测系统。在抽水试验过程中,单片机自动化采集各传感器传输来的数据,并根据压力传感器测得的压力数据运用水静力学基本方程式计算出动态水位;利用超声波流量计和热电偶一体化温度变送器测得瞬时流量和水温的变化情况;测试全过程实现了自动化动态采集试验数据,达到无人值守的目的。投入式水位检测系统克服了以往采取的响钟法等方法的操作繁琐、劳动强度大、测量误差大等缺欠,解决了大降深抽水试验水位监测的难题,使得几个人就可完成群井抽水试验,形成水位、流量和水温变化的数据库。现场应用表明,该系统测量精度高,运行状态良好,有一定的发展前景。 相似文献
14.
Simple monitoring method for precaution of landslides watching tilting and water contents on slopes surface 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Taro Uchimura Ikuo Towhata Trinh Thi Lan Anh Jou Fukuda Carlos J. B. Bautista Lin Wang Ichiro Seko Taro Uchida Akira Matsuoka Yosuke Ito Yuichi Onda Sho Iwagami Min-Seok Kim Naoki Sakai 《Landslides》2010,7(3):351-357
A low-cost and simple monitoring method for early warning of landslides is proposed. To detect abnormal deformation of a slope, this method employs a tilt sensor in place of an extensometer on the slope surface. In order to examine the relevance of measuring rotation angle on a slope surface by tilt sensor, model tests were conducted, and rotation on the slope surface was observed together with slide displacement along the surface. The rotation data responded 30 min before failure in a model test, which could be useful as a signal for early warning. However, the behavior of rotation before failure varies from case to case, and thus, criteria to issue warning should be defined more carefully. For a model slope made of uniform loose sand, measurement of slide displacement along the slope surface is sensitive to failure at the toe, while the measurement of rotation on the slope surface is useful to detect the development of progressive failure upward along the slope. Wireless sensor units with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) tilt sensor and volumetric water content sensor were also examined on a real slope in Kobe City, and a long-term monitoring was attempted. A simple but possible way to define the criteria of judgment to issue warning can be proposed based on combination of data obtained by the tilt sensors and volumetric water content sensors. 相似文献
15.
16.
We describe a user-friendly open-source cross-platform radiative transfer application called bytran targeting mobile devices we developed using Qt/C ++ for the calculation of molecular and atmospheric absorption of gases under user-defined meteorological conditions and for specified gas mixture concentrations. Bytran is based in part on the HITRAN Application Programming Interface (HAPI) source code and relies on data provided in the online version of the High-Resolution Transmission Molecular Absorption Database (HITRAN) for line-by-line calculations. The novelty of the implementation is the usage of the recently introduced HITRANonline database (HITRAN.org), native execution of the line-by-line calculations on portable electronics hardware, and the cross-platform open-source implementation which also allows compilation of the bytran source code for desktop operating systems and embedded development boards. The application has the potential of becoming useful for in-the-field scientific evaluations as well as an educational tool for students studying spectroscopy and related subjects. Additional availability of the application under desktop environments further expands the possible usability of the developed software for in-the-lab settings. Ongoing work includes optional usage of pressure, temperature and humidity sensors available in selected cell phone models and the Raspberry Pi Sense Hat add-on board to generate spectra based on detected ambient meteorological conditions. 相似文献
17.
群测群防作为一种有效的地质灾害监测预警手段愈发受到重视,针对目前我国地质灾害群测群防工作存在的监测信息逐级传递不及时、信息失真等弊端,提出了一种基于智能手机的地质灾害群测群防监测系统的设计方法及实现技术。分析了Android系统的Socket无线通信API和位于不同内网节点进行双向通信的条件,设计了基于智能手机的群测群防终端软件架构,采用GPRS无线通信技术,以公网服务器作为信息转发端,设计了基于TCP协议的信息转发机制,实现了智能手机终端-公网服务器-内网PC（监测平台）的3级通信,保证了监测信息的安全性和稳定性。同时对于通信过程控制,在应用层设计了良好的通信机制和数据封装机制,能够大大减少数据传输量和数据传输时间,提高通信效率。实际应用表明:无论是GPRS移动通信还是VPN网络通信,系统能够实现地质灾害群测群防信息的便捷录入与高效稳定传输。 相似文献
18.
李文鹏 《水文地质工程地质》2022,49(2):1-6
为服务生态文明建设和自然资源管理,促进山水林田湖草沙生命共同体健康协调,中国地质调查局组织开展以流域为单元的全国水文地质与水资源调查,重点部署了国家地下水监测工程运行维护、全国地下水位统测、全国地下水资源评价、重点地区水平衡研究、水文地质与水资源智慧服务系统建设、服务脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴等工作任务。2019年以来主要取得七方面进展,包括研究编制了基于生态优先理念涵盖大气水、地表水、地下水、海洋水的《地质调查支撑服务水资源管理总体设计》,引领了地质调查转型发展;高效运行国家地下水监测工程,数据对外实现全面共享服务,有力支撑了自然资源、水利、生态环境和科研等领域地下水管理与研究研究;建立了较完善的全国地下水位统测网络,统测点达5.6万个,准确掌握区域地下水流场年度变化;建立了全国地下水年度调查监测评价工作机制,实现地下水资源量、储存量及变化量年度出数;探索开展海河流域等重点地区水平衡研究,掌握了区域水平衡状况、人类活动影响下的水资源变化过程及其互馈机制;搭建全国水文地质与水资源智慧服务平台,初步建立多要素的全国水文地质与水资源数据库,研发了地下水资源在线评价系统;高质量完成扶贫找水任务,有力支撑服务了脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴。 相似文献
19.
大气波导是对流层中具有异常大气折射率梯度的大气层,对于评估和预测电磁波传播和海上探测通信系统等具有重要的科学意义和应用价值.以海上发生的大气波导类型为线索总结了与大气波导相关的研究方法.在蒸发波导研究中以相似理论为基础,开发蒸发波导诊断模型为重点,开展区域海域适应性研究;海上悬空波导和表面波导从早期的定性分析到目前精确定量研究过程中,中尺度数值模式逐渐成为极其重要的研究手段,不仅提高了特定天气过程中大气波导模拟预测精度,而且在此基础上开展区域大气波导环境研究,分析其出现规律、气候原因等.针对海上大气波导研究现状,借鉴气象上的手段和技术,开展海上水文气象调查和电波传播实验,结合中尺度数值模式和海气耦合模式,采用同化技术和集合预报等手段,提高海上低空大气波导量化精度. 相似文献
20.
基于ActiveX的区域水文地质GIS系统及工程辅助设计 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用ActiveX技术,将组件MapObjects2.1直接嵌入到开发环境VB6.0中,开发出C/S结构的区域水文地质GIS系统,进一步开发出面向水文地质工程应用的辅助设计模块。应用程序通过该组件的接口实现区域水文地质空间数据和属性数据的交互查询和更新,为水文地质工程辅助设计模块提供输入数据。基于ActiveX技术开发专业的水文地质GIS系统,具有开发周期短、通用性强、操作简单的特点,可以满足水文地质行业的工作需求,并在大庆油田得到应用。 相似文献