共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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对吐哈盆地ETM遥感数据进行KT光谱空间变换处理,提取亮度指教、绿度指数和湿度指教.利用这些光谱指教图像对吐哈盆地地下水排泄构造进行识别,并结合基础地质研究成果对吐哈盆地进行大范围的水动力环境分析.研究表明,了墩隆起西部边缘存在一务区域性的北东东向地下水排泄构造,其东南方为斜坡带径流区域,该斜坡带连接鲁克沁-鄯善、七克台等大型西山窑组三角洲沉积单元和中天山广大高放射场蚀源区域,具有地浸砂岩铀矿找矿远景.文章同时指出,该地下水排泄构造的遥感探测技术可以直接应用于地下水资源寻找,这对于中国北方荒漠化地区社会经济发展具有现实意义. 相似文献
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在对哈密盆地气象、水文、地形以及地貌等条件分析的基础上,对研究区的区域水文地质条件和地下水资源开发利用进行了分析。研究结果表明:哈密盆地为典型的内陆干旱盆地,地下水类型包括松散岩类孔隙水、碎屑岩类裂隙孔隙水、基岩裂隙水和冻结层水。哈密盆地潜水主要接受北部巴里坤山、哈尔里克山的冰川融水及少量大气降水补给,径流总体方向由北向南,排泄以侧向径流、机井开采、坎儿井取水、蒸发等方式排泄;哈密盆地在地下水的开发利用上以机电井为主,而坎儿井、泉为辅。 相似文献
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通过东鸟旗白音呼布尔盆地排泄源的水文地质务件及水文地球化学特征的研究,分析了盆地排泄源空间属性及其补、迳、排的特征,本区的排泄源都是局部排泄源,划分了水化学分带特征。同位素的相关关系的研究表明盆地地下水起源于大气降水。根据白音呼布尔盆地排泄源的属性及其和铀成矿的关系,划分出本区的铀成矿远景区,说明排泄源在空间上控制了铀成矿,从而探讨了多排泄源盆地成矿工作区的研究方法。 相似文献
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论述了吐哈盆地西南缘中新生代盆地构造演化及其地球动力学机制、中下侏罗统地层不同级别构造类型及分布特征，总结了盆地地球动力学演化、不同级别构造与砂岩型铀成矿的关系。指出早中侏罗世稳定的板内伸展断坳式盆地是形成产铀建造(目的层)的古构造环境；晚白垩世以来盆地挤压抬升改造作用(造成的沉积间断期)是砂岩型铀矿成矿的重要构造条件和主要时期；盆缘构造斜坡带是层间氧化带型铀矿产出的有利构造区；局部构造(排泄源断裂、穹窿背斜、断展背斜)控制着层间氧化带宏观展布及铀矿体空间定位。 相似文献
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为了更好地服务生态文明建设和经济社会高质量发展,区域地质填图工作亟需从基岩区向盆山结合带、盆地等覆盖区进行拓展。戈壁荒漠浅覆盖区是研究中国北方中小城市和大城市边缘干旱区找水、隐伏区找矿、盆地基底性质、盆山耦合演化的关键地区,但一直缺乏针对性的区域地质填图技术方法。以东天山哈密地区觉罗塔格山与吐哈盆地结合部位的戈壁荒漠浅覆盖区为例,利用地质、物探、遥感、钻探等多技术手段,采用由“已知”到“未知”的思路,从调查内容、调查方法、技术手段、成果表达等方面,针对不同覆盖层深度、覆盖层结构和地质矿产目标,通过大量方法实验和实践,开展适用性、经济性和分辨率的综合分析,完善优化了地球物理和钻探的技术方法组合。利用GeoModeller软件,实现了戈壁荒漠浅覆盖区三维地质结构的可视化表达,建立了从地表、覆盖层到覆盖区基岩的立体式透明化的区域地质填图技术方法体系,查明了地质填图区域的三维地质结构及其成矿地质背景,满足戈壁荒漠浅覆盖区1：5万区域地质填图的目标,也为东天山大草滩断裂带性质、吐哈盆地基底性质及其中新生代盆地构造环境演化等关键地质问题提供了重要信息。 相似文献
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局部排泄构造对砂岩铀成矿起重要控制作用,识别局部排泄构造对砂岩铀矿勘查具有积极意义。盆地内部局部排泄构造常被土壤、植被、沙漠覆盖,隐蔽性高,地表露头尺度识别难度大,而遥感技术具备宏观观测能力,为识别隐蔽构造提供了新途径。本文以松辽盆地南部的Landsat 8遥感影像为数据源,经K-T空间变换得到可以指示地表水动力活动的亮度、绿度、湿度指数。在此基础上结合基础地质资料,对松辽盆地南部的水动力环境进行了分析,对该地区局部排泄构造进行了识别。结果表明,松辽盆地南部蒸腾作用强烈,植被分布于盆地边缘与盆内开鲁-通辽-双辽一带,土壤湿度较大,但咸水环境分布广泛。在通辽附近、开鲁北西部、双辽西部识别出多条局部排泄构造,且这些构造与已知铀矿床(矿化点)具有较好的空间相关性,显示沿局部排泄构造有很好的找矿前景。 相似文献
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利用遥感及物探资料通过对大同市万泉河盆地地质构造的分析，合理地解释了万泉河盆地地下水的成因机制及其补给、径流、排泄关系。同位素年龄测试，进一步提示出沿口泉断裂破碎带有远源地下水进入本区，使盆地内的地下水来源趋于多样化。 相似文献
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Ziaur Rehman Ansari L. A. K. Rao Alia Yusuf 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2012,79(5):505-514
Remote Sensing and GIS techniques have been proved to be efficient tools in the delineation, updating and morphometric analysis of drainage basin. The present study incorporates a morphometric analysis of three sub-basins of Fatehabad area of Agra district using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The morphometric parameters of the sub-basins are classified under linear, areal and relief aspects. The drainage pattern exhibited by the main river Yamuna and its tributaries shows a dendritic pattern indicating homogenously underlain material while the mean bifurcation ratio values suggest that the geological structures are not disturbing the drainage pattern. The form factor value of sub-basins suggests that the main basin is more or less elongated. Circularity ratio values of the three sub-basins fall within range of elongated basin and low discharge. The area has low density indicating that the region has high permeable sub-soil material and dense vegetation. The values of drainage texture, drainage density and infiltration number indicate that sub-basin-III has the highest infiltration rate and low runoff, hence contributing most to the underground water resources. This study also indicates porous and permeable sub-soil condition in sub-basin-III. The values of sub-basin-I indicate low permeable subsoil material owning to high infiltration number value, hence low infiltration and high runoff. 相似文献
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Chowdhury Sarwar Jahan Md. Ferozur Rahaman Riad Arefin Shamser Ali Quamrul Hasan Mazumder 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2018,91(5):613-620
Demand for irrigation water increases day by day along with meteorological vagaries and extension of irrigated area in the drought-prone Barind area of Bangladesh. This increasing stress on water resource is gradually making the area water scare. The study is aimed at studying the morphometric parameters of the Atrai-Sib river basin in the Barind area and on their relevance in water resource management based on satellite images and SRTM DEM. Computation and delineation of linear and areal aspects of the river basin and its morphometric components reveals that stream order ranges from first to eighth order showing dendritic drainage pattern. The basin represents homogeneity of soil texture; possibility of flash flood after heavy rainfall with low discharge of runoff; and is not largely affected by structural disturbance. Moderate drainage density of the river basin area indicates semipermeable soil lithology with moderate vegetation. Mean bifurcation ratio of the basin is calculated as 3.92 and elongation ratio 0.75, which indicate elongated shape of the river basin with low to moderate relief bounded in the east and west by ‘moderate to steep’ sloping land area. It reveals a flatter peak of runoff flow for longer duration and gravity flow of water. The gentle but undulating slope of the basin represents ‘excellent’ category for groundwater management as the site is favorable for infiltration due to maximum time of runoff water percolation. The east facing slopes of the basin show higher moisture content and higher vegetation than the west-facing slope. The land use pattern of the area shows that major part (95.29%) comes under the cultivated land which will support future river basin development and management. Results obtained from the study would be useful in categorization of river basins for future water resource development and management, and selection of suitable sites for water conservation structures such as check dam, percolation tank, artificial recharge of groundwater through MAR technique etc. 相似文献
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GIS based morphometric evaluation of Chimmini and Mupily watersheds, parts of Western Ghats, Thrissur District, Kerala, India 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
N. S. Magesh K. V. Jitheshlal N. Chandrasekar K. V. Jini 《Earth Science Informatics》2012,5(2):111-121
GIS and Remote Sensing have proved to be an indispensible tool in morphometric analysis. The identification of morphometric
properties based on a geographic information system (GIS) was carried out in two watersheds in the Thrissur district of Kerala,
India. These watersheds are parts of Western Ghats, which is an ecologically sensitive area. Quantitative geomorphometric
analysis was carried out for the Chimmini and Mupily watersheds independently by estimating their (a) linear aspects like
stream number, stream order, stream length, mean stream length, stream length ratio, bifurcation ratio, length of overland
flow, drainage pattern (b) aerial aspects like circulatory ratio, elongation ratio, drainage density and (c) relief aspects
like basin relief, relief ratio, relative relief and ruggedness number. The drainage areas of Chimmini and Mupily watersheds
are 140 and 122 km2 respectively and show patterns of dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage. The Chimmini watershed was classified as a sixth order
drainage basin, whereas Mupily watershed was classified as a fifth order basin. The stream order of the basin was predominantly
controlled by physiographic and structural conditions. The increase in the stream length ratio from lower to higher order
suggests that the study area has reached a mature geomorphic stage. The development of stream segments is affected by rainfall
and local lithology of the watersheds. The slope of both watersheds varied from 0° to 50° and 0° to 42° respectively and the
slope variation is chiefly controlled by the local geology and erosion cycles. Moreover, these studies are useful for planning
rain water harvesting and watershed management. 相似文献
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Suketi river basin is located in the Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh, India. It encompasses a central inter-montane valley and surrounding mountainous terrain in the Lower Himachal Himalaya. Morphometric analysis of the Suketi river basin was carried out to study its drainage characteristics and overall groundwater resource potential. The entire Suketi river basin has been divided into five sub-basins based on the catchment areas of Suketi trunk stream and its major tributaries. Quantitative assessment of each sub-basin was carried out for its linear, areal, and relief aspects. The analysis reveals that the drainage network of the entire Suketi river basin constitutes a 7th order basin. Out of five sub-basins, Kansa khad sub-basin (KKSB), Gangli khad sub-basin (GKSB) and Ratti khad sub-basin (RKSB) are 5th order sub-basins. The Dadour khad sub-basin (DKSB) is 6th order sub-basin, while Suketi trunk stream sub-basin (STSSB) is a 7th order sub-basin. The entire drainage basin area reflects late youth to early mature stage of development of the fluvial geomorphic cycle, which is dominated by rain and snow fed lower order streams. It has low stream frequency (Fs) and moderate drainage density (Dd) of 2.69 km/km 2. Bifurcation ratios (Rb) of various stream orders indicate that streams up to 3rd order are surging through highly dissected mountainous terrain, which facilitates high overland flow and less recharge into the sub-surface resulting in low groundwater potential in the zones of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd order streams of the Suketi river basin. The circulatory ratio (Rc) of 0.65 and elongation ratio (Re) of 0.80 show elongated nature of the Suketi river basin, while infiltration number (If) of 10.66 indicates dominance of relief features and low groundwater potential in the high altitude mountainous terrain. The asymmetry factor (Af) of Suketi river basin indicates that the palaeo-tectonic tilting, at drainage basin scale, was towards the downstream right side of the drainage basin. The slope map of Suketi river basin has been classified into three main zones, which delineate the runoff zone in the mountains, recharge zone in the transition zone between mountains and valley plane, and discharge zone in the plane areas of Balh valley. 相似文献
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Estimates of past climate at Paleolake Chad,North Africa,based on a hydrological and energy-balance model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
John E. Kutzbach 《Quaternary Research》1980,14(2):210-223
Modeling the combined hydrological and energy balances of Paleolake Chad and its drainage basin yields an estimate of at least 650 mm/yr for annual precipitation during portions of the early Holocene (10,000 to 5000 yr B.P.); the current rainfall in Chad Basin is 350 mm/yr. Two versions of the model are developed. The first version is one in which precipitation and lake area are linearly related. This version requires specification first of the area, net radiation, and Bowen ratio of the lake and second of the paleovegetation, net radiation, and Bowen ratio of the surrounding basin. In the second version of the model the ralationship between precipitation and lake area is nonlinear because the runoff ratio and Bowen ratio of the basin are made functions of precipitation. As the lake increases in area in response to increased precipitation, this version of the model allows for further increases in runoff (from the basin into the lake) as the vegetation changes from steppe to savanna and swamp. This nonlinear process may provide a partial explanation for the expansive paleolakes of the early Holocene. The results derived from both models are in good agreement with previously derived estimates of precipitation for North Africa during the early Holocene. 相似文献
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Evolutionary trend of water cycle in Beichuan River Basin of China under the influence of vegetation restoration 
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下载免费PDF全文 To understand the influence of vegetation restoration on the water cycle in semiarid areas, the effects of vegetation restoration on evolution of the key elements of water cycle were clarified by analyzing the evolutionary trend of atmospheric precipitation, ecological consumption water, and surface runoff on a river basin scale on the basis of analytical results of the changes in vegetation coverage and the long-term meteorological and hydrological monitoring data of Beichuan River Basin. The results show that the vegetation cover in the Beichuan River basin has rapidly increased in the hilly and mountainous areas since the 1980s, especially from 2000 to 2019, with the maximum and average vegetation cover rates increased by 14.98% and 52.2%, respectively. During 1956-2016, the annual precipitation in the basin remained relatively stable; the annual surface runoff slightly declined, with an average attenuation rate of 20 million m~3/10 a. The main reason for the runoff decline is the increase in ecological water induced by the vegetation restoration, which has changed the spatial-temporal distribution of the water from atmospheric precipitation in the basin. Spatially, more precipitation was converted into ecological water. As a result, the remnant runoff supplied to the lower reaches reduced accordingly. Temporally, more precipitation participated in the soil water-groundwater cycle, thus prolonging the outward drainage period of the precipitation. Moreover, the large-scale vegetation restoration induced a significant decrease in the surface wind speed, evaporation from water surface and drought index. As a result, a virtuously mutual feedback relationship was formed between the vegetation and meteorological elements. Therefore, vegetation restoration is of great significance for the improvement in the water conservation capacity and semiarid climate conditions in the Beichuan River basin. 相似文献
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以平治河岩溶流域为研究对象,分析其地下退水规律,将其划分为9个子流域,在传统新安江模型基础上,将地下径流划分为慢速和快速地下径流,分别采用两个线性水库进行模拟,构建降雨-径流模拟方案,并选取2011-2015年期间的7场洪水作为率定期洪水,以确定性系数（DC）最大为优化目标,应用遗传算法率定模型参数,而以8场洪水作为验证期洪水进行验证分析,获得率定期合格率为85.71%,平均确定性系数为0.846,验证期合格率为75%,平均确定性系数为0.893,达到乙级精度。其结果表明所构建的模拟方案能够较好地模拟该流域的径流规律。 相似文献
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内陆河流域分布式日出山径流模型——以黑河干流山区流域为例 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
应用常规的气象水文数据并结合GIS,建立了一个适合西北干旱区内陆河山区流域的以日为步长的分布式径流模型,并对黑河干流山区出山径流进行了模拟计算和讨论。模型以子流域作为最小的产流、汇流单元,根据植被覆盖将各子流域分为裸地区、乔木区、牧草区和冰川区,并根据实际调查将土壤分为 3层,各分区单独进行水量平衡计算。产流过程以土壤储水能力和储水量表征,而储水能力和储水量等则由土壤的孔隙度、干密度和厚度等表征。入渗原理基于土壤储水率平衡原理,并考虑重力势的作用。实际蒸散发与蒸发力和土壤体积含水量的乘积成正比,不同的土壤和植被具有不同的调节参数。模拟结果表明,模拟效果较差的原因是区域日降水过程具有较大的随机性,难以用有限的站点合理计算区域日降水量。寻找一个合适的区域日降水量计算方法是目前少资料大型流域分布式水文模型模拟成功的关键。 相似文献
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Study on the runoff and sediment-producing effects of precipitation in headwater areas of the Yangtze River and Yellow River,China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Natural runoff observation fields with different vegetation coverage were established in the Zuomaoxikongqu River basin in
the headwater area of the Yangtze River, and in the Natong River basin and the Kuarewaerma River basin in the headwater area
of the Yellow River, China. The experiments were conducted using natural precipitation and artificially simulated precipitation
between July and August to study the runoff and sediment-producing effects of precipitation under the conditions of the same
slope and different alpine meadow land with coverage in the headwater areas. The results show that, in the three small river
basins in the headwater areas of the Yangtze and the Yellow Rivers, the surface runoff yield on the 30° slope surface of the
alpine meadow land with a vegetation cover of 30% is markedly larger than that of the fields with a vegetation cover of 95,
92, and 68%. Furthermore, the sediment yield is also obviously larger than the latter three; on an average, the sediment yield
caused by a single precipitation event is 2–4 times as large as the latter three. Several typical precipitation forms affecting
the runoff yield on the slope surface also influence the process. No matter how the surface
conditions are; the rainfall is still the main precipitation form causing soil erosion. In some forms of precipitation, such
as the greatest snow melting as water runoff, the
sediment yield is minimal. Under the condition of the same precipitation amount, snowfall can obviously increase the runoff
yield, roughly 2.1–3.5 times as compared to the combined runoff yield of the Sleet or that of rainfall alone; but meanwhile,
the sediment yield and soil erosion rate decrease, roughly decreasing by 45.4–80.3%. High vegetation cover can effectively
decrease the runoff-induced erosion. This experimental result is consistent in the three river basins in the headwater areas
of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers. 相似文献