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本文报道了攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿含矿岩体边缘岩相带中的苦橄玢岩和岩体中淡色辉长岩的锆石微量元素特征。结果表明二者所含锆石都具有明显的Ce正异常和Eu负异常,以及轻稀土元素亏损和重稀土元素富集的特征,其Th/U比值为0.35～3.23,都属于典型的岩浆锆石。本次研究利用最新实验标定的锆石氧逸度计对苦橄玢岩和淡色辉长岩的氧逸度进行了估算。估算结果表明苦橄玢岩和淡色辉长岩均具较高的氧逸度,分别为QFM+0.3～QFM+2.5和QFM+0.7～QFM+3(QFM为石英-铁橄榄石-磁铁矿缓冲剂)。苦橄玢岩作为来自深部岩浆房侵入到攀枝花主岩体的富橄榄石"晶粥体",其高氧逸度的特征反映出攀枝花岩体的原生岩浆以及地幔源区是相对氧化的,而导致这一结果的原因很可能与古老俯冲事件导致的地幔交代作用有关。通过地幔柱-岩石圈相互作用,在较高氧逸度下发生部分熔融形成了铁质苦橄岩及其堆晶作用产物苦橄玢岩。此外,淡色辉长岩的氧逸度也显示出较高的特征,这说明这种氧化的特征很可能是贯穿了整个成岩过程的,对钒钛磁铁矿成矿,特别是导致铁钛氧化物早期结晶起到了不可忽视的作用。 相似文献
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含矿岩体受南北向深断裂控制,为辉长岩和辉长岩-辉石岩-橄辉岩两种类型。岩体韵律结构发育,由下而上基性程度不断降低。由于岩浆脉动侵入,韵律结构具多旋回性。钒钛磁铁矿矿层赋存于岩体中下部或韵律旋回底部,自下而上依次发育嵌晶结构、镶嵌结构和海绵陨铁结构。岩体的 Fe_2O_3/FeO 比值很高。根据地质构造背景和氧逸度估算,岩体在熔融状态时处于氧分压较高的环境之中。熔融实验表明铁钛氧化物熔点高,结晶早。但是在相当大的温度范围,铁钛氧化物与造岩矿物同时结晶。矿床中单斜辉石与钛磁铁矿中的 Sc,单斜辉石与钛铁矿中的 MnO有良好的协变关系。攀西地区钒钛磁铁矿矿床不是岩浆晚期矿床,而是岩浆早期矿床。 相似文献
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草滩碳酸岩体出露于小秦岭北端,与黄龙铺碳酸岩体直线距离约18km,但二者矿化特征显著不同,前者以铁矿化为主,后者则以钼-稀土多金属矿化为特征。已有的研究认为,草滩碳酸岩是富集地幔部分熔融的产物,它不但含方解石碳酸岩,还含有早期结晶的白云石碳酸岩,但有关铁矿化机制的研究则鲜有报道。本文对草滩碳酸岩和铁矿石进行了元素地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成研究,并对两类样品中磁铁矿和磷灰石进行了原位微量元素组成分析,旨在约束碳酸岩型铁矿床的形成机制。通过岩相学和地球化学的综合研究,本文在草滩碳酸岩体中厘定出了磁铁橄磷岩,它也是母岩浆早期结晶的产物,这表明该碳酸岩体实际上是一个由方解石碳酸岩、白云石碳酸岩、磁铁橄磷岩和铁矿体组成的碳酸岩杂岩体。铁矿石的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成与磁铁橄磷岩相近,暗示铁矿化是富铁碳酸质岩浆自身演化的产物。草滩磁铁橄磷岩与铁矿石中磁铁矿和磷灰石的微量元素地球化学特征显示,铁矿化发生在岩浆阶段;但与磁橄磷岩相比,铁矿石的母岩浆演化程度更高,不但明显富集挥发分,且体系氧逸度也明显增加。 相似文献
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“宁芜玢岩铁矿研究”回顾及某些问题的深化研究——贺陈毓川先生80华诞 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文概略回顾了陈毓川先生在20世纪70年代,作为“宁芜玢岩(火山岩型)铁矿”国家项目主要负责人,对该项目的贡献;介绍了作为该项目主要成果之《宁芜玢岩铁矿》专著的内容;回顾笔者参与该项目对提高业务能力、扩展地学知识、增长专业兴趣、提出科学问题等方面所受教益,并举中国东部中生代火山岩之形成构造环境及火山成因铁矿床(特别是富铁“矿浆”)成因说明之;同时,还提出与“玢岩铁矿”有关的几个有待进一步深化研究的科学问题,如①如何“定量”地测定宁芜盆地玄武安山质岩浆是在多大的氧逸度条件下发生分离结晶作用的？②为何有些次火山岩(辉长闪长玢岩)形成铁矿,而有些则未形成铁矿？其原始岩浆各自在什么样的氧逸度条件下和构造环境中发生分离结晶作用的？③中国东部中生代火山岩的岩石系列属性,特别是宁芜盆地玄武安山质岩浆能否归入“橄榄玄粗岩(shoshonite)系列”？ 相似文献
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攀西白马岩体的矿物结晶顺序与钒钛磁铁矿成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
距今约260 Ma的白马岩体位于上扬子板块西缘的攀西裂谷中,是一个大型的含钒钛磁铁矿镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩体,是峨眉山大火成岩省的重要组成部分。含矿岩体主要由磁铁橄长岩和橄榄辉长岩组成,主要工业矿体赋存在下部的橄长岩岩相带中。显微镜下显示橄榄石和角闪石均存在2种不同的结构状态,岩浆具有多次脉动的侵位特点。矿物结构特点及磁铁矿、钛铁矿、橄榄石、角闪石及斜长石等矿物电子探针成分测定显示,矿物的结晶顺序大致为斜长石+橄榄石+辉石→角闪石+磁铁矿+钛铁矿→角闪石。根据角闪石和斜长石成分计算角闪石最低结晶温度为1090℃,斜长石的最高结晶温度是1120℃,推测磁铁矿的结晶温度介于1090~1120℃之间。橄榄石的Fo值由下部的磁铁橄长岩向上部的橄榄辉长岩呈逐渐降低的变化趋势,表明随着岩浆的结晶分异进程,系统的氧逸度是逐步变化的,暗示整个结晶分异过程系统处于封闭状态。磁铁矿中w(V2O3)变化于0.72%~1.37%之间,可近似看成是岩浆演化过程氧逸度较低的量化标志(FMQ+0.5),这种低氧逸度条件下硅酸盐矿物的结晶,会导致粒间熔体氧逸度逐步升高且成分向着富Fe的方向演化。岩浆的这种成分演化特点,是晚期形成不混溶熔浆及富Fe-Ti矿浆的主要原因。 相似文献
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为探究石英闪长玢岩成因及幔源基性岩浆对斑岩铜矿的贡献,本文选取德兴矿床石英闪长玢岩开展了锆石U-Pb定年、Hf同位素和全岩地球化学研究。获得石英闪长玢岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为169 Ma,与成矿花岗闪长斑岩侵位时间一致,岩体为中侏罗世岩浆活动的产物。石英闪长玢岩具有低的SiO2(58.41%~63.12%)和K2O(1.68%~2.94%)含量及A/CNK值(0.85~1.04),富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti和重稀土元素,属于钙碱性到高钾钙碱性系列岩石。具有相对亏损的锆石Hf同位素组成,εHf(t)=2.20~7.93(最大值7.93),指示其源区为岩石圈地幔。锆石稀土元素配分模式图显示出明显的正Ce异常,岩浆氧逸度(lg fO2)为-20.05~-6.66,达到磁铁矿-赤铁矿氧逸度等级,指示石英闪长玢岩结晶自高氧逸度岩浆。全岩地球化学特征显示,德兴石英闪长玢岩与成矿花岗闪长斑岩及其暗色包体符合岩浆混合的演化趋势,说明成矿花岗闪长斑岩可能是中侏罗世幔源基性岩浆和地壳酸性岩浆大规模混合作用的产物,并且石英闪长玢岩代表了岩浆混合过程中的幔源基性端员。结合前人研究成果,认为在中侏罗世伸展构造背景下,软流圈物质上涌导致新元古代受交代的岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成幔源基性岩浆,基性岩浆的底侵作用诱发下地壳物质熔融并与之发生一定程度的岩浆混合作用,形成了花岗闪长斑岩的母岩浆。高氧逸度幔源岩浆的加入可抑制斑岩体系硫化物的过早饱和,同时为德兴矿床注入了成矿所需的部分挥发分和金属元素。 相似文献
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四川攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿床Fe同位素特征及其成因指示意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文系统研究了四川攀枝花含钒钛磁铁矿层状岩体全岩和矿石矿物磁铁矿的Fe同位素组成特征。研究获得全岩δ57Fe的范围为0.02‰～0.25‰, 平均值为0.17‰, 磁铁矿的δ57Fe范围为0.05‰～0.61‰, 平均值为0.36‰。相对于磁铁矿单矿物, 全岩Fe同位素组成变化不大。相对于全岩, 磁铁矿具有相对重的Fe同位素组成, 并且其相对偏重程度与样品中磁铁矿的含量呈反相关关系。磁铁矿Fe同位素组成与形成环境氧逸度之间的负相关关系表明磁铁矿从岩浆中结晶出来之后没有发生重力分异, 赋存于岩体和矿体中的磁铁矿是原位结晶的。磁铁矿的Fe同位素特征表明攀枝花岩体是多次岩浆补充和分离结晶共同作用的结果: 形成下部岩相带过程中, 玄武质岩浆补充频繁, 形成巨厚的块状磁铁矿层, 其中的磁铁矿的δ57Fe值变化较小; 而形成中部岩相带过程中, 玄武质岩浆补充的频率逐渐降低, 形成多个旋回以及交替产生的磁铁辉长岩和辉长岩。同时, 形成攀枝花岩体和矿体的初始岩浆的氧逸度很高, 在高氧逸度环境下富集成矿, 演化过程中岩浆体系氧逸度逐渐降低, 很好地解释了攀枝花V-Ti磁铁矿主矿体赋存在含矿岩体下部的辉长岩中的成矿机制。 相似文献
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柞木沟铁矿床为北大巴山地区的钛磁铁矿矿床。矿区赋矿岩体为辉绿岩,主要矿物组成为单斜辉石、长石、角闪石、黑云母、钛磁铁矿和钛铁矿等。文中利用电子探针对柞木沟矿床内部典型矿石矿物组成研究发现,单斜辉石主要为普通辉石,角闪石为镁绿钙闪石和阳起石,黑云母主要为铁质黑云母,少量为镁质黑云母。柞木沟铁矿床赋矿辉绿岩母岩浆具有高碱(K2O+Na2O含量3.56％～4.79％)、高钛(TiO2含量3.50％～5.58％)特征,指示其为碱性系列岩浆。单斜辉石平衡温度为1 138～1 167 ℃,铁钛氧化物形成温度为781～808 ℃,氧逸度(lgf(O2))为-14.15～-14.36,黑云母结晶温度分为600～650 ℃和～700 ℃两个区间,氧逸度介于NNO与MH之间。矿石内部锆石SHRIMP U Pb测年结果为(437.9±3.7) Ma,与区域不含矿岩体年龄一致,说明二者为同期岩浆作用产物。矿体赋存于岩体中、矿体与含矿辉绿岩围岩呈渐变过渡关系、磁铁矿的岩浆成因、磁铁矿的矿物化学特征及氧同位素组成特征共同指示柞木沟矿床为典型岩浆矿床。北大巴山地区早古生代晚期的拉张作用,导致深部的岩浆上升并在浅部快速就位,早期结晶出少量铁钛氧化物;随着温度降低,辉石、长石、角闪石等铁镁硅酸盐矿物开始结晶,进而包含早期结晶的铁钛氧化物。岩浆的氧逸度逐渐升高以及后期富铁质流体的注入导致铁钛氧化物大量结晶,最终完成该区的成矿作用。 相似文献
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河南省安林矽卡岩型铁矿的成岩时代和成矿物质来源探讨 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
位于华北克拉通中部的河南省安林铁矿是典型的邯邢式矽卡岩型铁矿,矿体产于闪长质岩石和中奥陶统灰岩的接触带。LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明安林闪长岩体的侵位年龄为123.38±0.81Ma,略晚于华北克拉通东部地区的含矿岩体,形成于岩石圈大规模减薄伸展时期。但其中含有古老的锆石说明岩浆经历了地壳的混染。闪长质岩石具有相对低SiO2、高Mg#、高碱,富集Ba、Sr和LREE大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ti、Ta等高场强元素的特点,暗示了其形成于岩石圈地幔。岩相学特征以及Harker图解指示了岩浆经历了较强的分离结晶作用,因此推断安林闪长岩可能是软流圈地幔上涌导致富集的岩石圈地幔发生部分熔融形成原始的辉长质岩浆在上升过程中或岩浆房中发生了以铁镁矿物为主的分离结晶作用,同时受到地壳物质的混染的结果。安林地区矿石具有和闪长岩体相似的稀土元素地球化学特征,反映铁的成矿作用与岩浆作用密切相关。矿床中闪长岩体、矽卡岩、矿石和碳酸盐围岩的主量元素对比研究表明钠交代作用引起Na、K、Fe、Si等元素在各岩类间的迁移,其中迁移出的铁为成矿提供了物质基础。安林地区初始岩浆富含水,分离结晶作用使残留岩浆水饱和而发生出溶;且岩浆在演化过程中受到区内膏盐层和碳酸盐地层的混染,促进了岩浆中流体的出溶并使出溶的流体富含Cl-,为有利于铁质活化的富Cl-岩浆流体的形成创造了条件。 相似文献
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Cihai and Cinan are Permian magnetite deposits related to mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the Beishan region, Xinjiang, NW China. The Cihai mafic intrusion is dominantly composed of dolerite, gabbro and fine-grained massive magnetite ore, while gabbro, pyrrhotite + pyrite-bearing clinopyroxenite and magnetite ore comprise the major units in Cinan. Clinopyroxene occurs in both deposits as 0.1–2 mm in diameter subhedral to anhedral grains in dolerite, gabbro and clinopyroxenite. High FeO contents (11.7–28.9 wt%), low SiO2 (43.6–54.3 wt%) and Al2O3 contents (0.15–6.08 wt%), and low total REE and trace element contents of clinopyroxene in the Cinan clinopyroxenite imply crystallization early, at high pressure. This clinopyroxene is FeO-rich and Si and Ti-poor, consistent with the clinopyroxene component of large-scale Cu-Ni sulfide deposits in the Eastern Tianshan and Panxi ares, as well as Tarim mafic intrusion and basalt, implying the Cinan mafic intrusion and sulfide is related to tectonic activity in the Tarim LIP. The similar mineral chemistry of clinopyroxene, apatite and magnetite in the Cihai and Cinan gabbros (e.g., depleted LREE, negative Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta anomalies in clinopyroxene, lack of Eu anomaly in apatite and similarity of oxygen fugacity as indicated by V in magnetite), indicate similar parental magmatic characteristics. Mineral compositions suggest a crystallization sequence of clinopyroxenite/with a small amount of sulfide – gabbro – magnetite ore in the Cinan deposit, and magnetite ore – gabbro – dolerite in Cihai. The basaltic magma was emplaced at depth, with magnetite segregation (and formation of the Cinan magnetite ores) occurring in relatively low fO2 conditions, after clinopyroxenite and gabbro fractional crystallization. The evolved Fe-rich basaltic magma rapidly rose to intermediate or shallow depths, forming an immiscible Fe-Ti oxide magma as fO2 increased and leaving a Fe-poor residual magma in the chamber. The residual magmas was emplaced at different levels in the crust, forming the Cihai gabbro and dolerite, respectively. Finally, the immiscible Fe-Ti oxide magma was emplaced into the earlier formed dolerite because of late magma pulse uplift, resulting in a distinct boundary between the magnetite ores and dolerite. 相似文献
13.
The Chadormalu is one of the largest known iron deposits in the Bafq metallogenic province in the Kashmar-Kerman belt, Central Iran. The deposit is hosted in Precambrian-Cambrian igneous rocks, represented by rhyolite, rhyodacite, granite, diorite, and diabasic dikes, as well as metamorphic rocks consisting of various schists. The host rocks experienced Na (albite), calcic (actinolite), and potassic (K-feldspar and biotite) hydrothermal alteration associated with the formation of magnetite–(apatite) bodies, which are characteristic of iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) and iron oxide-apatite (IOA) systems. Iron ores, occurring as massive-type and vein-type bodies, consist of three main generations of magnetite, including primary, secondary, and recrystallized, which are chemically different. Apatite occurs as scattered irregular veinlets in various parts of the main massive ore-body, as well as apatite-magnetite veins and disseminated apatite grains in marginal parts of the deposit and in the immediate wall rocks. Minor pyrite occurs as a late phase in the iron ores. Chemical composition of magnetite is representative of an IOA or Kiruna-type deposit, which is consistent with other evidence.Whole rock geochemical data from various host rocks confirm the occurrence of Na, Ca, and K alteration consistent with the formation of albite, actinolite, and K-feldspar, respectively. The geochemical investigation also includes the nature of calc-alkaline igneous rocks, and helps elaborating on the spatial and temporal association, and possible contribution of mafic to felsic magmas to the evolution of ore-bearing hydrothermal fluids.Fluid inclusion studies on apatites from massive- and vein-type ores show a range of homogenization temperatures from 266 to 580 °C and 208–406 °C, and salinities from 0.5 to 10.7 wt.% and 0.3–24.4 wt.% NaCl equiv., respectively. The fluid inclusion data suggest the involvement of evolving fluids, from low salinity-high temperature, to high salinity-low temperature, in the formation of the massive- and vein-type ores, respectively. The δ34S values obtained for pyrite from various parts of the deposit range between +8.9 and +14.4‰ for massive ore and +18.7 to +21.5‰ for vein-type ore. A possible source of sulfur for the 34S-enriched pyrite would be originated from late Precambrian-early Cambrian marine sulfate, or fluids equilibrated with evaporitic sulfates.Field observations, ore mineral and alteration assemblages, coupled with lithogeochemical, fluid inclusion, and sulfur isotopic data suggest that an evolving fluid from magmatic dominated to surficial brine-rich fluid has contributed to the formation of the Chadormalu deposit. In the first stages of mineralization, magmatic derived fluids had a dominant role in the formation of the massive-type ores, whereas a later brine with higher δ34S contributed to the formation of the vein-type ores. 相似文献
14.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(6):520-541
The major Gushan iron oxide deposit, typical of the Middle‐Lower Yangtze River Valley, is located in the eastern Yangtze craton. Such deposits are generally considered to be genetically related to Yanshanian subvolcanic‐volcanic rocks and are temporally‐spatially associated with ca. 129.3–137.5 Ma dioritic porphyries. The latter have a very narrow 87Sr/86Sr range of 0.7064 to 0.7066 and low ?Nd(t) values of ?5.8 to ?5.7, suggesting that the porphyries were produced by mantle‐derived magmas that were crustally contaminated during magma ascent. The ore bodies occur mainly along the contact zone between dioritic porphyries and the sedimentary country rocks. The most important ore types are massive and brecciated ores which together make up 90 vol.‐% of the deposit. The massive type generally occurs as large veins consisting predominantly of magnetite (hematite) with minor apatite. The brecciated type is characterized by angular fragments of wall‐rocks that are cemented by fine‐grained magnetite. Stockwork iron ores occur as irregular veins and networks, especially with pectinate structure; they are composed of low‐temperature minerals (e.g. calcite), which indicate a hydrothermal process. The similar rare earth element patterns of apatite from the massive ores, brecciated ores and the porphyries, coupled with high‐temperature fluids (1000°C) suggest that they are magmatic in origin. Furthermore, melt flow structure commonly developed in massive ores and the absence of silicate minerals and cumulate textures suggest that the iron ores formed by the separation of an immiscible oxide melt from the silicate melt rather than by crystal fractionation. Combined with theoretical and experimental studies, we propose that the introduction of phosphorus due to crustal contamination during mantle‐derived magma ascent could have been a crucial factor that led to the formation of an immiscible oxide melt from the silicate magma. 相似文献
15.
Tang Zhongli Gansu Bureau of Geology Mineral Resource Lanzhou Gansu Fei Zhenbi 《《地质学报》英文版》1997,71(1):49-57
Before intruding, primary magmas have undergone liquation and partial crystallization atdepth; as a result the magmas are partitioned into barren magma, ore-bearing magma, ore-richmagma and ore magma, which then ascend and are injected into the present locations once ormultiple times, thus forming ore deposits. The above-mentioned mineralizing process is knownas deep-seated magmatic liquation-injection mineralization. The volume of the barren magma isgenerally much larger than those of the ore-bearing magma, ore-rich magma and ore magma. Inthe ascending process, most of the barren magma intrudes into different locations or outpoursonto the ground surface, forming intrusions or lava flows. The rest barren magma, ore-bearingmagma, ore-rich magma and ore magma may either multiple times inject into the same space inwhich rocks and ores are formed or separately inject into different spaces in which rocks and oresare formed. The intrusions containing such deep-seated magmatic liquation-injection depositshave a much smaller volume, greater ore potential and higher ore grade than that of in-situmagmatic liquation deposits. Consequently this mineralizing process results in the formation oflarge deposits in small intrusions. 相似文献
16.
国外铁氧化物铜-金矿床的特征及其研究现状 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
铁氧化物铜-金矿床是一类具许多共同特征但成因联系不太密切的矿床类型，近来已成为国外铜-金勘探的主要矿床类型之一。该类矿床以矿石中含有大量的铁氧化物（磁铁矿或赤铁矿）且伴有很强的区域性钠（-钙）质蚀变为特征，可以产于元古代克拉通内或新生代大陆边缘岛弧环境，其周围具火成岩或含蒸发盐层，时空上与之有关的侵入岩为磁铁矿系列花岗岩，矿化主要产于近区域主断裂的羽状次级断裂中。部分该类矿床的形成与一定的主岩类型有关，而多数矿床可能由高盐度 H2O-CO2-盐混合流体的不混溶作用形成，且矿化通常与钾化有关。对成矿流体是主要来自岩浆还是受围岩控制尚有争论，成矿模式有蒸发盐来源模式、外来流体加热模式和岩浆-热液流体模式。但对部分该类矿床详细的流体包裹体和稳定同位素研究表明成矿流体主要源于岩浆。对该类矿床进行地球物理勘探需要考虑磁铁矿、硫化物和Cu-Au矿化之间的相互关系。在我国开展对该类矿床的研究将有益于发现新的铜资源基地。 相似文献
17.
Tang Zhongli 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》1999,10(1):2
Deep-seated magmatic liquation-injection deposits form a major type of magmatic sulfide deposit in China. The reserves of nickel and copper in this type of deposit may attain several hundred thousand tons (e.g.Hongqi 7 and Karatunggu) to nearly ten million tons (e.g.Jinchuan). Those deposits can be classified as large or superlarge deposits. The ore grade is relatively high, commonly with w(Ni)＞1 %.The mineralized intrusions are small in size, generally only 0.0n km2 to 0.n km2, with the largest one not exceeding a few km2. Before intruding, the primary magmas have undergone liquation and partial crystallization at depth; as a result, the magmas have partitioned into barren magma, ore-bearing magma, ore-rich magma and ore magma, which then ascended and injected into the present locations once or multiple times, to form ore deposits. The above-mentioned mineralizing process is known as deep-seated magmatic liquation-injection mineralization. The volume of the barren magma is generally much larger than those of the ore-bearing magma, ore-rich magma and ore magma. In the ascending process, most of the barren magma intruded into different locations or outpoured onto the ground surface, forming intrusions or lava flows. The rest barren magma, ore-bearing magma, ore-rich magmaand ore magma may either multiple times inject into the same place in which rocks and ores are formed or separately inject into different spaces to form rocks and ores. Such deep-seated magmatic liquation-injection deposits have a much smaller volume, greater ore potential and higher ore grade than those of in-situ magmatic liquation deposits. Consequently, this mineralizing process leads to the formation of large deposits in small intrusions. 相似文献
18.
产于层状镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体中的太和岩浆型Fe-Ti氧化物矿床是峨眉山大火成岩省内带几个超大型Fe-Ti氧化物矿床之一。太和岩体长超过3km,宽2km,厚约1.2km。根据矿物含量和结构等特征,整个岩体从下向上可划分为下部岩相带、中部岩相带、上部岩相带。下部岩相带主要以(橄榄)辉长岩和厚层不含磷灰石的块状Fe-Ti氧化物矿层组成。中部岩相带韵律旋回发育,(磷灰石)磁铁辉石岩主要位于旋回的底部,旋回上部为(磷灰石)辉长岩。上部岩相带主要是贫Fe-Ti氧化物的磷灰石辉长岩。太和中部岩相带磷灰石磁铁辉石岩含有5%~12%磷灰石、20%~35%Fe-Ti氧化物、50%~60%硅酸盐矿物,且硅酸盐矿物与磷灰石呈堆积结构。磷灰石磁铁辉石岩中磁铁矿显示高TiO2、FeO、MnO、MgO,且变化范围与趋势接近于攀枝花岩体。钛铁矿FeO分别与TiO2、MgO显示负相关,而FeO分别与Fe2O3、MnO显示正的相关,且TiO2、FeO、MnO、MgO含量变化较大,这些特征都暗示磁铁矿和钛铁矿是从富Fe-Ti-P岩浆中分离结晶。因此,可以推断太和磷灰石磁铁矿辉石岩形成于矿物重力分选和堆积。太和下部岩相带包裹在橄榄石中磁铁矿含有相对较高Cr2O3(0.07%~0.21%),而中部岩相带包裹在橄榄石中磁铁矿Cr2O3(0.00%~0.03%)显著降低,且这些磁铁矿Cr2O3含量变化与单斜辉石Cr含量和斜长石An牌号呈正相关。这些特征印证了形成中部岩相带的相对演化的富Fe-Ti-P母岩浆可能是源自中部岩浆房的混合岩浆。上部岩相带磁铁矿和中部岩相带顶部少量磁铁矿显示较低Ti+V可能是由于岩浆房中累积的岩浆热液对磁铁矿成分进行了改造。 相似文献
19.
与基性-超基性侵入体有关的Ni-Cu-PGE硫化物矿床是镍-铜-铂族元素矿床的最重要类型。传统观点认为,Ni-Cu-PGE硫化物矿床是由成矿岩浆分异演化、熔离形成的,与围岩性质关系不大。实际上,大部分基性-超基性岩浆是硫化物不饱和的,在岩浆自身演化过程中难以聚集大量硫化物而形成有经济价值的大型高品位NiCu-PGE硫化物矿床。因此,壳源硫的加入是基性-超基性岩浆中硫化物浓度达到过饱和,熔离形成Ni-Cu-PGE硫化物矿床的关键。膏盐层是富含石膏等硫酸盐(SO24-)的蒸发沉积建造,除SO24-外,还富含Cl-、CO23-、Na+、K+等盐类物质,在自然界分布广、面积大,是地壳中重要的硫源层和氧化障。但膏盐层在Ni-Cu-PGE硫化物矿床中的作用长期被忽视,制约了Ni-Cu-PGE硫化物矿床成矿找矿理论的发展。文章以世界最大的俄罗斯诺里尔斯克Ni-CuPGE硫化物矿床为例,介绍了膏盐层与矿床分布的空间关系、石膏等硫酸盐矿物在矿床和蚀变围岩中的分布、成矿元素和硫同位素组成特征及变化规律,阐明了膏盐层在成矿中的作用和控矿机理。膏盐(SO24-)的加入,可以大幅度提高成矿系统的氧逸度,将成矿岩浆中Fe2+氧化成Fe3+,形成铁氧化物,SO24-自身被还原,向成矿系统提供还原硫S2-,与Cu2+、Ni2+等结合,形成铜镍硫化物等,使基性-超基性成矿岩浆由硫化物不饱和变为过饱和,形成硫化物小液滴,在岩浆房经聚集-熔离-富集,形成岩浆型Ni-Cu-PGE硫化物矿床。除膏盐层外,富含硫化物的地层也是形成Ni-Cu-PGE硫化物矿床的重要硫源层。 相似文献
20.
The three most crucial factors for the formation of large and super-large magmatic sulfide
deposits are: (1) a large volume of mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic magmas that participated in the
formation of the deposits; (2) fractional crystallization and crustal contamination, particularly the input
of sulfur from crustal rocks, resulting in sulfide immiscibility and segregation; and (3) the timing of
sulfide concentration in the intrusion. The super-large magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits around the world
have been found in small mafic-ultramafic intrusions, except for the Sudbury deposit. Studies in the past
decade indicated that the intrusions hosting large and super-large magmatic sulfide deposits occur in
magma conduits, such as those in China, including Jinchuan (Gansu), Yangliuping (Sichuan), Kalatongke
(Xinjiang), and Hongqiling (Jilin). Magma conduits as open magma systems provide a perfect environment
for extensive concentration of immiscible sulfide melts, which have been found to occur along deep
regional faults. The origin of many mantle-derived magmas is closely associated with mantle plumes,
intracontinental rifts, or post-collisional extension. Although it has been confirmed that sulfide immiscibility
results from crustal contamination, grades of sulfide ores are also related to the nature of the
parental magmas, the ratio between silicate magma and immiscible sulfide melt, the reaction between
the sulfide melts and newly injected silicate magmas, and fractionation of the sulfide melt. The field relationships
of the ore-bearing intrusion and the sulfide ore body are controlled by the geological features of
the wall rocks. In this paper, we attempt to demonstrate the general characteristics, formation mechanism,tectonic settings, and indicators of magmatic sulfide deposits occurring in magmatic conduits which
would provide guidelines for further exploration. 相似文献