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1.
岩浆到热液演化的包裹体记录——以骑田岭花岗岩体为例 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
骑田岭花岗岩是燕山期花岗岩早期多阶段侵入复式岩体,岩石化学的研究表明它是富碱的、高分异的A型花岗岩,形成于板内拉张的构造环境。在其第二阶段中细粒黑云母花岗岩内广泛发育着厘米级至米级似伟晶岩囊状体和石英晶洞, 它们是富挥发份岩浆固结的产物,代表岩石形成过程经历了明显的岩浆-热液过渡阶段。包裹体显微岩相学研究在骑田岭黑云母花岗岩的石英中发现熔体-流体包裹体和流体包裹体共存,这一结果进一步证实骑田岭中细粒黑云母花岗岩中的似伟晶岩囊状体和石英晶洞是花岗质熔体在岩浆-热液过渡阶段的产物。显微测温结果显示,熔体-流体包裹体的捕获温度大于530℃,说明岩浆热液过渡阶段的温度不低于该温度;闪锌矿中流体包裹体的均一温度在285~417℃之间,盐度为11.7% NaCleqv,代表了成矿流体的温度和盐度;流体包裹体的均一温度为172~454℃,代表热液阶段流体的温度。从中细粒黑云母花岗岩到似伟晶岩囊状体再到石英晶洞,岩浆-热液体系经历了富挥份熔体→熔体+高盐度流体→高盐度流体→低盐度流体的完整演化过程,形成了CaCl2-NaCl-H2O-CO2体系的岩浆热液流体。包裹体岩相学及激光拉曼探针分析结果显示,在流体包裹体和多晶熔体-流体包裹体中含有长石、方解石、金红石及金属氧化物等子矿物,暗示其所捕获的流体具有较强的成矿能力。 相似文献
2.
川西甲基卡二云母花岗岩和伟晶岩内发育大量原生熔体包裹体和富晶体流体包裹体。为了查明甲基卡成矿熔体、流体性质与演化特征,运用激光拉曼光谱和扫描电镜鉴定了甲基卡花岗伟晶岩型锂矿床中二云母花岗岩及伟晶岩脉不同结构带内的原生熔体、流体包裹体的固相物质。分析结果表明,甲基卡二云母花岗岩石英内熔体包裹体的矿物组合为磷灰石+白云母、白云母+钠长石、白云母+石墨;伟晶岩绿柱石内富晶体流体包裹体的矿物组合主要为刚玉、富铝铁硅酸盐+刚玉+锂辉石、锂辉石+石英+锂绿泥石;伟晶岩锂辉石内富晶体流体包裹体的矿物组合主要为磷灰石、锡石、磁铁矿、石英+钠长石+锂绿泥石、萤石、富钙镁硅酸盐+富铁铝硅酸盐+富铁硅酸盐+石英;花岗岩浆熔体与伟晶岩浆熔体(流体)具有一定的差异,成矿熔体、流体成分总体呈现出碱质元素(Na、Si、Al)、挥发分(F、P、CO_2)含量增高及基性元素(Fe、Mg、Ca)降低的特征;包裹体中子矿物与主矿物的化学成分具有一定的差别,揭示出伟晶岩熔体(流体)存在局部岩浆分异作用,具不混溶性及非均匀性。因此认为,伟晶岩熔浆(流体)为岩浆分异与岩浆不混溶共同作用的产物,挥发分含量的增高(F、P、CO_2)使伟晶岩能够与稀有金属组成各类络合物或化合物,这对于稀有金属成矿起到了至关重要的作用。 相似文献
3.
吉伯特铁矿是新疆阿勒泰地区产于泥盆纪海相火山岩中的小型矿床。本文对吉伯特铁矿床的包裹体开展了研究，识别了熔体包裹体、熔体-流体包裹体以及富晶体的流体包裹体，并对其进行了初步的显微测温、激光拉曼光谱和电子探针等研究。熔体包裹体中含有富Si玻璃质、贫Si富Fe熔体、石英、萤石、方解石、磁铁矿等多种成分，它们分别组成不同的包裹体组合。熔体包裹体、熔体-流体包裹体和流体包裹体的存在表明它们被捕获时是一种熔体与流体共存的不混溶状态，这充分说明了吉伯特铁矿床的形成与岩浆熔体、岩浆-热液过渡性流体有直接的成因联系。吉伯特铁矿床中Fe的矿化是一个熔体相逐渐减少，流体相逐渐增加的连续演化过程，它受岩浆作用、岩浆-热液过渡性流体以及矽卡岩作用的共同制约。 相似文献
4.
岩浆热液出溶和演化对斑岩成矿系统金属成矿的制约 总被引：29，自引：1，他引：29
岩浆热液过渡阶段对于与岩浆热液有关矿床的形成非常重要。以往的研究多侧重于岩浆结晶阶段和低于固相线的热液阶段过程和演化 ,但对于流体从熔体出溶到熔体最后固结过程的理解却很有限。基于流体包裹体冷热台研究、单个流体和熔体包裹体原位无损成分分析技术 ,并结合挥发份和成矿元素在共存相间分配的实验和质量平衡计算模拟 ,岩浆热液出溶和演化对金属成矿制约的研究取得了很大进展。文中从岩浆中挥发份的出溶和演化、成矿元素在岩浆热液过渡体系各相之间的分配、斑岩矿床成矿流体及与金属成矿的关系、浅成热液矿床成矿流体及与金属成矿的关系几个方面进行了阐述。研究表明 :( 1)岩浆熔体不仅含有足够的挥发性组分 ,而且出溶的挥发份能够被圈闭在流体包裹体中而成为岩浆出溶热液的实物证据。 ( 2 )挥发份和成矿元素不仅在岩浆熔体和出溶的溶液间分配 ,还将在熔体与盐水溶液、熔体与气相以及盐水溶液与气相间进行分配。Cu在岩浆蒸气中比在共存的熔体中要富集数百倍 ,而Cu ,As,Au(可能作为HS配合物 )则偏向于分配进入与液体相共存的蒸气相中。 ( 3 )成矿元素在熔体 /溶液间的分配系数受控于熔体中初始水含量与饱和水含量之比值和岩浆熔体与共存出溶水溶液的w(Cl) /w(H2 O)和w(F) /w(Cl)比值。 ( 4 )斑岩 相似文献
5.
广西栗木钽铌锡多金属矿床的成矿流体演化及其对成矿过程的制约 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
广西栗木钽铌锡多金属矿床既产具明显垂直分带的花岗岩型钽铌锡矿体,又有石英脉型钨锡矿体,是研究岩浆-热液演化过程的典型实例。本次研究对栗木矿区中水溪庙和金竹源两个矿床开展了系统成矿流体研究。研究表明栗木矿区中的包裹体类型主要有盐水溶液包裹体、H2O-CO2-Na Cl包裹体和熔体包裹体三类。自云英岩化钠长石花岗岩→似伟晶岩→长石石英脉型→锂云母萤石脉,盐水溶液包裹体逐渐由定向分布的次生包裹体特征,转变为面状孤立分布的原生包裹体特征,而且均一温度、盐度和密度逐渐降低,具有低均一温度(150~210℃)、低盐度(1.0%~9.0%NaC leqv)和低密度(0.83~1.05g/cm3)的特点。H2O-CO2-NaC l包裹体和熔体包裹体主要产在钠长石花岗岩和似伟晶岩中,H2O-CO2-NaC l包裹体孤立分布,均一温度为260~350℃,盐度为0.8%~8.5%NaC leqv;熔体包裹体的固相初熔温度为560~600℃,完全均一温度为704~853℃,流体相具有与盐水溶液包裹体相近的均一温度和盐度。根据以上资料,本文把栗木矿区的成矿作用分为岩浆阶段的钽铌锡成矿作用和岩浆热液阶段的钨锡成矿作用,估算成岩成矿压力约为270MPa,这有利于栗木矿区的钽铌锡在花岗岩浆阶段发生了相对贫化的富集作用,钽、铌、锡、钨等元素在熔体/流体的分配系数制约了钽铌成矿作用发生在岩浆阶段,而钨锡成矿作用主要发生在热液阶段。 相似文献
6.
李建康 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2014,(2):518-526
花岗岩浆液态不混溶作用和饱和H2O花岗岩浆的热液出溶作用是花岗岩类矿床成矿流体形成的重要机制。利用最新式热液金刚石压腔,开展了成矿流体形成机制的原位观测实验。在岩浆热液出溶过程的实验中,初始样品为各类硅酸盐和纯H2O或LiCl水溶液,在H2O饱和状态中,硅酸盐熔体珠不断分异出富H2O的流体。花岗岩浆液态不混溶实验的初始样品为NaAlSi3O8-LiAlSiO4-SiO2-LiCl-H2O。在硅酸盐完全重熔后的降温过程中,硅酸盐熔体珠分离出富H2O熔体相和贫H2O熔体相,压力的突然降低促进了相分离的发生。研究表明:岩浆热液的出溶作用发生在H2O饱和的条件下,是岩浆的"第二次"沸腾作用,对花岗岩型稀有金属矿床的形成具有重要意义;花岗岩浆液态不混溶产生的富H2O熔体易于结晶出粗大晶体,暗示岩浆液态不混溶作用可能是一些花岗伟晶岩形成的主要机制。两类成矿流体形成机制实验条件的差异表明,Li是花岗岩浆发生不混溶作用的重要因素。在今后的研究中,应把热液金刚石压腔的原位观测与微束分析技术结合,在高温高压状态下分析成矿元素的迁移和富集规律。 相似文献
7.
川西甲基卡伟晶岩型矿床中含硅酸盐子矿物包裹体的发现及其意义 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
伟晶岩对研究岩浆向热液的演化过程具有重要的研究意义。近年来，花岗岩浆的不混溶作用日益得到重视，被认为是伟晶岩形成的重要控制因素。川西甲基卡伟晶岩型矿床是中国最大的固体锂矿床。本人在甲基卡矿床中发现了大量富含挥发份的含硅酸盐子矿物的包裹体，这些包裹体不同于阿尔泰可可托海伟晶岩矿床和加拿大Tanco伟晶岩矿床中的熔体-流体包裹体，而同不混溶成因的水盐熔体组成相近。其他地质特征也表明，甲基卡矿床发生了花岗岩浆的不混溶作用。因此，可判断出，甲基卡矿床中的含硅酸盐子矿物包裹体是花岗岩浆不混溶作用的产物，为甲基卡矿床的花岗岩浆不混溶成因提供了新的佐证。 相似文献
8.
再论富F熔体-溶液流体体系的成矿效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过例证的方式建立并诠释了富F熔体-溶液流体体系成矿效应的工作原理,认为:①F-OH-在不同载体矿物特别是云母类矿物中的置换行为构成了全岩F含量的主要贡献,具有物源意义;②在大多数情况下,F强烈倾向于分配进入晚期硅酸盐熔体相中,并深刻制约着熔体的结构、相平衡、物理化学性质和分异路径,不过在其他一些情况下F亦将大量进入热液或富水贫硅酸盐的"过渡性"流体相中;③富F流体体系另具有强烈萃取诸如W、Sn等高场强亲氟元素的成矿效应,最终可伴生萤石或冰晶石矿床,此时F作为矿化剂亦影响着Eh值、pH值和化学硬度等体系控矿因素。这样的三重作用围绕着F的基本化学性质一脉相承地促成了富F地质体系的成矿效应及其地球化学行为的特殊性。 相似文献
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《地质科技情报》2021,40(2)
伟晶岩型矿床是世界上重要的稀有金属矿床类型之一,也是当前国际矿床学研究热点之一。近年来该类稀有金属矿床在分类、成矿流体及成矿物质来源、伟晶岩成岩方式和稀有金属富集机制等方面的研究取得了一些重要进展。伟晶岩通常与母质岩浆具有密切的时空关系,但不少也与母质岩浆无成因关系。伟晶岩稀有金属矿床成矿熔体/流体具有低黏度、富水、高分散性、富碱等性质,可导致P、F和B等元素在伟晶岩中的极端富集,使其与稀有金属组成各类络合物或化合物而迁移与富集。富含Li-Cs-Ta(LCT)型伟晶岩与S型花岗岩关系紧密,成矿物质主要起源于黑色页岩等海相沉积物质,而富含Nb-Y-F(NYF)型伟晶岩常与A型花岗岩联系紧密,属同源岩浆演化和矿化。花岗质岩浆分异结晶和地壳或地幔岩石的部分熔融是伟晶岩两种主要的形成方式。流体不混溶作用、富助熔组分花岗岩浆高度结晶分异和热液交代作用3种富集机制可用于解释伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床的形成。 相似文献
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F既是重要的岩浆挥发分,又是重要的助熔剂和矿化剂,同时也是克拉克值较大的元素之一,并且在(铝)硅酸盐熔体中高度可溶。本文从F的常见工业矿物和主要赋存形式、分配行为的多样性、对其它元素分配行为的影响、矿化作用(即亲氟元素在热液体系中的氟化物络合形式、存在环境和沉淀机制等)、萤石和冰晶石的溶解及沉淀机制以及富F岩浆一热液体系的成矿专属性及特征6个方面探讨了F的地球化学成矿作用。结论认为:F必须有能力大量进入与花岗质或伟晶岩质熔体共存的含水流体相中才具有进一步的成矿学意义,云英岩化、钠长石化、含黄玉—萤石石英脉、具有较高F/CaO比值的残余熔体以及F在高度演化花岗质岩浆中的过饱和等因素均可能导致含矿富F热液的出溶;但总体上,富F岩浆—热液体系具有成矿专属性的原因之一仍在于:F首先通过对熔体物理化学性质的影响间接支配着高场强亲氟元素如W、Sn、Nb、Ta、REE、U等的热液成矿效应。 相似文献
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锡在花岗质熔体和流体中的性质及分配行为研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
元素在流/熔体间的交换、分配过程是岩浆热液矿床形成的重要环节，作为与岩浆活动有密切成因联系的典型矿种之一，锡在花岗质熔体和流体中的存在形式、分配行为及其影响因素是认识其成矿机理的关键。锡在花岗质熔体和流体中的分配特征不仅受温度、压力、氧逸度等条件的制约，流体组成和熔体的NBO/T（非桥氧键/桥氧键）、碱含量、AlK/Al(总碱与铝含量比)也是制约锡分配行为的重要因素；挥发分F、Cl对锡在流体、熔体中的地球化学行为影响尤为明显。 相似文献
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Melt inclusions in pegmatite quartz: complete miscibility between silicate melts and hydrous fluids at low pressure 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
Fluorine-, boron- and phosphorus-rich pegmatites of the Variscan Ehrenfriedersdorf complex crystallized over a temperature
range from about 700 to 500 °C at a pressure of about 1 kbar. Pegmatite quartz crystals continuously trapped two different
types of melt inclusions during cooling and growth: a silicate-rich H2O-poor melt and a silicate-poor H2O-rich melt. Both melts were simultaneously trapped on the solvus boundaries of the silicate (+ fluorine + boron + phosphorus) − water
system. The partially crystallized melt inclusions were rehomogenized at 1 kbar between 500 and 712 °C in steps of 50 °C by
conventional rapid-quench hydrothermal experiments. Glasses of completely rehomogenized inclusions were analyzed for H2O by Raman spectroscopy, and for major and some trace elements by EMP (electron microprobe). Both types of melt inclusions
define a solvus boundary in an XH2O–T pseudobinary system. At 500 °C, the silicate-rich melt contains about 2.5 wt% H2O, and the conjugate water-rich melt about 47 wt% H2O. The solvus closes rapidly with increasing temperature. At 650 °C, the water contents are about 10 and 32 wt%, respectively.
Complete miscibility is attained at the critical point: 712 °C and 21.5 wt% H2O. Many pegmatites show high concentrations of F, B, and P, this is particularly true for those pegmatites associated with
highly evolved peraluminous granites. The presence of these elements dramatically reduces the critical pressure for fluid–melt
systems. At shallow intrusion levels, at T ≥ 720 °C, water is infinitely soluble in a F-, B-, and P-rich melt. Simple cooling
induces a separation into two coexisting melts, accompanied with strong element fractionation. On the water-rich side of the
solvus, very volatile-rich melts are produced that have vastly different physical properties as compared to “normal” silicate
melts. The density, viscosity, diffusivity, and mobility of such hyper-aqueous melts under these conditions are more comparable
to an aqueous fluid.
Received: 15 September 1999 / Accepted: 10 December 1999 相似文献
16.
阿尔泰伟晶岩中流体熔融包裹体成分的研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
对阿尔泰可可托海、柯鲁木特和库威伟晶岩锂辉石及绿柱石中单个流体熔融包裹体各相成分，借助激光拉曼探针进行分析，鉴定出固体相为不同硅酸盐子晶矿物，定量给出了流体相成分。根据子晶矿物和流体相成分估算了整个流体熔融包裹体的成分，并据此进一步讨论了熔体中流体的溶解度问题。流体熔融包裹体成分研究表明熔体中流体已达饱和或过饱和，流体相与熔体相发生分离，相应残余伟晶岩浆体系进入晶体＋熔体＋流体三相共存的岩浆－热液 相似文献
17.
Granitic pegmatites: an assessment of current concepts and directions for the future 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Although many explanations have been proposed for the internal zonation of granitic pegmatites, the most widely accepted model is attributed to R.H. Jahns. Jahns and Burnham [Jahns, R.H., Burnham, C.W., 1969. Experimental studies of pegmatite genesis: I. A model for the derivation and crystallization of granitic pegmatites. Econ. Geol. 64, 843–864] said that pegmatites owe their distinctive textural and zonal characteristics to the buoyant separation of aqueous vapor from silicate melt, giving rise to K-rich pegmatitic upper portions and Na-rich aplitic lower zones of individual pegmatites. Jahns and Tuttle [Janhs, R.H., Tuttle, O.F., 1963. Layered pegmatite–aplite intrusives. Spec. Pap.-Miner. Soc. Am. 1, 78–92] cited experiments as confirmation of this effect, but several experimental studies contradict the partitioning behavior that was the premise of Jahns' model. More recent work indicates that pegmatite-forming melts should cool quickly, or in any case, more quickly than crystallization can keep pace with. The distinctive textural and zonal features of pegmatites have been replicated in experiments that employ constitutional zone refining of melts that are substantially undercooled before crystallization commences. Melt boundary layers formed by this process would represent the last silicate liquids to crystallize in pegmatites, which explains the tendency in pegmatites for abrupt transitions from simple to evolved mineral and rock compositions. The sources of pegmatite-forming melts and of the causes of regional zonation within pegmatite groups represent important directions for future research. 相似文献
18.
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2015,56(9):1292-1307
Miarolitic granite pegmatites are a unique natural object that makes it possible to study magmatic processes that lead to the formation of ore-forming media and systems. This paper summarizes modern views on phase transformations in aqueous silicate systems at parameters close to those of the transition from magmatic to hydrothermal crystallization. Comparison of phase diagrams and the results of study of pegmatite-forming media permits making conclusions about the crystallization of the water-saturated magmas of miarolitic granite pegmatites. The fluid regime of aqueous granite systems of simple composition, not enriched in fluxing components, is determined mainly by magma degassing or the supply of volatiles with flows of transmagmatic fluids. These processes cause the separation of essentially carbon dioxide or essentially hydrous fluid. During the evolution of such magmas, crystallization from silicate melt is separated in PT-space and, possibly, in time from the crystallization from aqueous or mixed carbon dioxide-aqueous super- and subcritical solutions. The evolution of chambers of water-saturated granitic and pegmatitic magma enriched in F, B, and alkali metals presupposes the formation of a heterogeneous mineral-forming medium in which crystallization occurs in the magmatic melt at high-temperature stages; as temperature decreases, crystallization can proceed in hydrous fluid, hydrosilicate, and/or hydrosaline liquids simultaneously. Hydrothermal crystallization can also take place in a heterogeneous medium consisting of aqueous solutions of different salinities and vapor or vapor-carbon dioxide gas mixture. The relationship between different fluid regimes during the evolution of volatile-saturated granitic and pegmatitic magmas determines the variety of postmagmatic rocks accompanying granite massifs. 相似文献
19.
This paper presents new major and trace element data from 150 garnet xenocrysts from the V. Grib kimberlite pipe located in the central part of the Arkhangelsk diamondiferous province (ADP). Based on the concentrations of Cr2O3, CaO, TiO2 and rare earth elements (REE) the garnets were divided into seven groups: (1) lherzolitic “depleted” garnets (“Lz 1”), (2) lherzolitic garnets with normal REE patterns (“Lz 2”), (3) lherzolitic garnets with weakly sinusoidal REE patterns (“Lz 3”), (4) lherzolitic garnets with strongly sinusoidal REE patterns (“Lz 4”), (5) harzburgitic garnets with sinusoidal REE patterns (“Hz”), (6) wehrlitic garnets with weakly sinusoidal REE patterns (“W”), (7) garnets of megacryst paragenesis with normal REE patterns (“Meg”). Detailed mineralogical and geochemical garnet studies and modeling results suggest several stages of mantle metasomatism influenced by carbonatite and silicate melts. Carbonatitic metasomatism at the first stage resulted in refertilization of the lithospheric mantle, which is evidenced by a nearly vertical CaO-Cr2O3 trend from harzburgitic (“Hz”) to lherzolitic (“Lz 4”) garnet composition. Harzburgitic garnets (“Hz”) have probably been formed by interactions between carbonatite melts and exsolved garnets in high-degree melt extraction residues. At the second stage of metasomatism, garnets with weakly sinusoidal REE patterns (“Lz 3”, “W”) were affected by a silicate melt possessing a REE composition similar to that of ADP alkaline mica-poor picrites. At the last stage, the garnets interacted with basaltic melts, which resulted in the decrease CaO-Cr2O3 trend of “Lz 2” garnet composition. Cr-poor garnets of megacryst paragenesis (“Meg”) could crystallize directly from the silicate melt which has a REE composition close to that of ADP alkaline mica-poor picrites. P-T estimates of the garnet xenocrysts indicate that the interval of ～60–110 km of the lithospheric mantle beneath the V. Grib pipe was predominantly affected by the silicate melts, whereas the lithospheric mantle deeper than 150 km was influenced by the carbonatite melts. 相似文献