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1.
6710铀矿区火成岩的地球化学特征及其构造和成矿意义 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
火山岩型铀矿床通常与酸性至中性的火山岩类有关 ,而 6 710铀矿区的铀矿化与双峰式火山岩和基底花岗岩有紧密的空间关系。研究表明该套双峰式火山岩中玄武岩的Rb Sr等时线年龄为173± 9 7Ma ,流纹岩为 16 4 8± 0 57Ma。前者的不相容元素地球化学特征与板内拉斑玄武岩相一致 ;后者为准铝质 (ACNK =0 88- 0 96 ) ,稀土元素 (ΣREE :(2 50 33- 2 95 99)× 10 - 6 )和高场强元素 (Y ,Zr,Nb等 )的含量较高 ,与A型花岗岩的地球化学特征相似。基底花岗岩的Rb Sr等时线年龄为 2 4 9 9± 5 5Ma ,岩石为过铝质 (ANKC =1 18- 1 2 6 ) ,富集LREE((La/Lu) N=2 8 51-55 0 9)和大离子亲石元素 (Rb ,Th ,U等 ) ,与同造山S型花岗岩的地球化学特征一致。双峰式火山岩表明该区在燕山早期具有拉张裂解的地球动力学背景 ,基底花岗岩代表了海西晚期的挤压造山环境。它们分别为本区铀成矿提供了矿化剂 (CO2 - 3)和铀源。 相似文献
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长白山地区新生代火山岩的岩石化学及Sr、Nd、Pb同位素地球化学研究 总被引：12，自引：10，他引：12
通过主元素、稀土元素、Sr、Nd、Pb同位素地球化学特征并结合板块俯冲模式来讨论长白山地区新生代火山岩系的形成和演化。大部分样品都进入上地幔Sr演化范围,具低Sr高~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr特点;∑Nd介于-2.3—+2.9之间;不同岩性熔岩的Pb同位素组成变化不大。主元素、REE模式和同位素的资料都证实区内火山岩是源自上地幔的同源岩浆分异演化而成,并有地壳物质的混染。 相似文献
3.
在阿尔金断裂与祁连山北缘逆冲断裂交汇处的昌马盆地和酒西盆地内,产出一套中基性火山岩,多为玄武岩和粗面玄武岩,属于碱性玄武岩系列。火山岩富集轻稀土元素,(La/Yb)N比值为7.28～18.01,富集大离子亲石元素(K、Rb和Ba等),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta等),显示出与OIB类似的地球化学特征。阿尔金断裂带东端火山岩的Sr同位素较高,87Sr/86Sr值在0.706～0.708,Nd同位素较低,εNd(t)值多为负值(0.53～-6.13),显示出EMⅡ型富集地幔来源的特征。K-Ar同位素年代学测试结果表明,阿尔金断裂带东端火山岩形成于(120.1±2.5)～(102.2±2.9)Ma,属于早白垩世晚期。火山岩的地球化学特征反映其形成于一个广泛的陆内伸展环境中,区域上可能受到阿尔金断裂带的影响,是阿尔金断裂白垩纪再活化的重要佐证。 相似文献
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内蒙古中部达来地区晚侏罗世A型花岗岩:地球化学特征、岩石成因与地质意义 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
A型花岗岩的成因研究是揭示重要壳幔相互作用和伸展型地球动力学过程的重要窗口。离子探针锆石U-Pb测年指示内蒙古中部达来地区的达来庙钾长花岗岩岩株大约于晚侏罗世(160.1±1.8Ma)侵位。岩体Si O2含量介于69.8%~73.9%,富碱铁,贫钙镁;富集大离子亲石元素和Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,发育明显的Eu负异常(Eu/Eu*=0.20~0.68)。这指示达来庙花岗岩具有A型花岗岩的元素地球化学特征。同时岩石具有低全岩Sri(87Sr/86Sri=0.70504~0.70523),低正全岩εNd(t)(+2.1~+2.3)以及高正的锆石εHf(t)(+7.0~+11.5)和高锆石δ18O(6.7‰~7.7‰)等同位素特征。元素同位素地球化学示踪指示达来庙花岗岩可能源于新增生中基性地壳物质的部分熔融及其后的结晶分异作用。一方面,达来庙花岗岩和蒙古-华北北部地块分散分布的其他A型花岗岩共同见证了有别于早白垩世大规模上地壳伸展的中晚侏罗世弥散状中下地壳伸展行为;另一方面,蒙古-华北北部地块晚中生代两段式的地壳伸展轨迹记录了蒙古-鄂霍茨克构造域造山后的重力垮塌过程。 相似文献
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北山早古生代火山岩发育,其中尤以志留纪火山岩出露最为广泛。本文选择对志留纪公婆泉群火山岩的地球化学特征以及Sr-Nd同位素进行系统研究。结果显示:志留纪公婆泉群火山岩除东七一山矿南样品主要落入钙碱系列外,其余各处大多数属拉斑系列。公婆泉群火山岩均表现为轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损型,伊哈托里火山岩相对于东七一山矿南、大狐狸山、四顶黑山以及双沟山北等地的火山岩而言,轻重稀土分馏程度较低。公婆泉群火山岩的大离子亲石元素(LILE)K、Rb、Ba等显示一定程度的富集,高场强元素(HFSE)如Ta、Nb、Ti等相对亏损(尤其是伊哈托里火山岩),显示了与俯冲有关的火山岩特征。样品的εNd(t)值较高且集中,均为正值,而(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)t值则较低(0.70340~0.70519),部分样品Sr同位素比值明显增高的主要原因是源区中俯冲洋壳变质脱水流体的加入。研究表明北山志留纪公婆泉群火山岩的岩浆源区应为受俯冲洋壳板片沉积物流体及板片熔体双重交代的楔形亏损地幔源区。结合区域构造演化分析,认为北山北部伊哈托里火山岩与北山中部火山岩的构造环境存在明显差异,前者形成于岛弧环境,后者则形成于大陆边缘弧。 相似文献
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甘肃北山野马泉岩体同位素地球化学特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Nd、Sr、Pb同位素研究结果揭示：甘肃北山野马泉岩体第Ⅰ、Ⅱ侵入阶段花岗岩类具有Ⅰ-型花岗岩的特征，(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.708~0.710，εNd=-2.229~-5.866，在207 Pb/204Pb-206Pb/204Pb构造模式图上其投影点落在造山带演化线附近，在εNd-εSr图解中，其投影点落人Ⅰ-型花岗岩类范围内，其成岩物质为壳幔混合来源。第Ⅲ侵人阶段的岩石成因类型为S-型，其(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.7149~0.7358, εNd＝-7.3750~-8.9556。该岩体形成的地球动力学环境是北山陆内碰撞造山带。 相似文献
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内蒙古阿尔山地区中生代A型花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其构造意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在岩石学研究的基础上,运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和地球化学方法,研究了阿尔山地区不同时代花岗岩体的成因和构造意义。研究表明,三广山中粒碱长花岗岩形成于印支期(228.5±3.0Ma);南兴安似斑状碱长花岗岩形成于燕山期(141.7±2.6Ma),捕获锆石年龄为1847±21Ma,反映该区可能具有前寒武纪结晶基底。两岩体岩石化学以富Si、高K、低Mg、贫Ca为特点,A/CNK值为1.00~1.05;富集高场强元素和轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,稀土元素配分模式为典型的右倾海鸥型。岩相学和地球化学特征显示,三广山和南兴安花岗岩均为A型花岗岩。其中,三广山花岗岩为A2型花岗岩,南兴安花岗岩为A1型花岗岩。全岩Sr-Nd同位素组成(εNd(t)值为2.26~5.58)表明,阿尔山地区花岗岩的源区可能为显生宙—新元古代期间从亏损地幔中新增生的地壳物质,但南兴安和三广山2个岩体的形成机制不同。三广山A2型花岗岩可能是古亚洲洋在三叠纪闭合后进入造山后阶段岩石圈伸展体制下的产物,而南兴安A1型花岗岩可能形成于早白垩世大兴安岭地区板内伸展作用下的拉张减薄环境。 相似文献
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东秦岭宝丰盆地大营组火山岩SHRIMP定年及其意义 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：6
宝丰盆地是东秦岭北部的重要火山岩盆地,主要发育早白垩世大营组火山岩,熔岩主体为玄武质粗面安山岩和粗面安山岩,为钾玄质火山岩,具有较高Na_2O K_2O(8.04%～9.37%)、富集大离子亲石和轻稀土而亏损高场强元素特征,同位素(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i和(~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd)_i分别为0.7067～0.7079和0.5117～0.5118。本文在总结火山岩地球化学特征的基础上,应用SHRIMP锆石微区U-Pb测年技术对大营组玄武质粗面安山岩和粗面安山岩进行了精确测年,结果表明:玄武质粗面安山岩中锆石粒度较细且较少,阴极发光图像未显示明显环带结构,2个点SHRIMP谐和年龄为148.5～132.4Ma,可能代表残留锆石年龄。粗面安山岩中存在大量的锆石,大多数锆石的阴极发光图像显示明显的环带结构,暗示它们为岩浆成因的锆石,14个点SHRIMP谐和年龄加权平均值为117±2Ma(MSWD=1.3)。结合区域资料分析表明:东秦岭宝丰盆地火山岩形成于早白垩世(117±2Ma),与A型东沟花岗斑岩和太山庙花岗岩基、新发现的东沟和汤家坪斑岩钼矿的形成时代相当。秦岭造山带及邻区陆内造山深部过程存在俯冲组分,造山结束于早白垩世晚期,岩石圈伸展有助于下地壳拆沉作用。这些认识将为理解秦岭-大别造山带构造演化提供了重要信息。 相似文献
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吉林东南部晚中生代中酸性火山作用成因的地球化学制约 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
详细的主、微量元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素研究结果显示,延吉地区晚中生代(早白垩世)中酸性火山岩具有岛弧型微量元素特征(富集轻稀土(LREE)、大离子亲石元素(LILE)和亏损高场强元素(HFSE)),和中等放射成因Sr、Pb及类似于硅质地球的Nd同位素组成(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr(i)=0.70437～0.70525;~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb(i)=18.19～18.37,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb(i)=15.54～15.57,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb(i)=38.13～38.22;ε_(Nd)(t)=-2.75～+1.61)。其Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成特征类似于区域同期基性火山岩和大兴安岭地区同时代火山岩。这些广泛分布于吉林南部的晚中生代中酸性火山岩是岩石圈地幔来源岩浆经分离结晶或地壳物质混染/AFC过程的产物。吉林省东南部晚中生代不同区域火山岩的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素对比结果显示,辽源-延吉与通化地区分属不同构造单元,其中辽源-延吉一带则为中亚造山带的东段,而通化地区为华北克拉通的一部分,夹皮沟-松江断裂可能是华北克拉通东北缘的边界。 相似文献
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东天山东段同造山到后造山花岗岩幔源组分的递增及陆壳垂向生长意义——Sr、Nd同位素证据 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
显生宙陆壳垂向生长是一个新的值得进一步深入探索的课题。在已有的地质、地球化学研究基础上,本文报导了东天山东段矿物组成、成因类型相似的早古生代同造山花岗岩体和晚古生代-早中生代后造山花岗岩体新的Sr、Nd同位素测试结果,并进一步对比研究了它们的Sr、Nd同位素差异。前者I_(Sr)值较高(0.7087～0.7288),ε_(Nd)(t)值较低(-5.8～-15.8),模式年龄T_(DM)大(1.29～2.37Ga),显示以古老陆壳物质为主的物源特征;后者I_(Sr)低(0.7069～0.708),ε_(Nd)(t)值高(-3.8～ 0.3),T_(DM)较年轻(0.80～1.28Ga为主),显示混有较多的年轻幔源组分;同期的煌斑岩脉I_(Sr)为0.7080,ε_(Nd)(t)值为 4.3, T_(DM)为0.8 Ga。这些特征为探讨显生宙地壳垂向生长提供了良好实例。一般而言,显生宙高ε_(Nd)(t)值后造山花岗岩中的年轻幔源组分至少有3个可能的来源:(1)前造山(前寒武纪)底侵形成的年轻基性下地壳;(2)同造山水平增生的年轻地壳再循环;(3)后造山底侵的幔源岩浆。这3种来源分别揭示了3种陆壳生长方式和时限:前造山垂向生长;同造山水平生长;后造山垂向生长。通常,这3种情况仅仅依据地球化学特征不易鉴别;而通过花岗岩物源演变的对比研究有可能提供鉴别的线索。该区早古生代花岗岩以古老壳源为特点;而地点相同、矿物组成和地球化学相似、侵位深度相近的晚古生代-早中生代花岗岩幔源组分增多,并伴随有辉绿岩、煌斑岩侵入。这种新的年轻组分最可能与新底侵的幔源岩浆有关,它们随后造山花岗岩加入地壳,导致地壳垂向生长,这是造山后垂向生长的一种特征。该研究为中亚造山带后碰撞或后造山陆壳垂向生长的存在提供了一个证据。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献