共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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湖南省地矿局副总工程师、教授级高工秦葆瑚编著的《高精度磁测方法指南》,是作为地矿勘查单位推广地面高精度磁测工作的研究成果,由《湖南地质》编辑部作专辑公开出版发行。该专辑中论述了新、旧两代磁测的差别及高精度磁测工作的特点,总结了我国推广地面高精度磁测工作以来的经验和教训,提出了保证磁测高精度的各项技术措施,介绍了高精度磁测资料电算处理有关程序系统,以及研究复杂磁异常 相似文献
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本书是作者多年来从事推广高精度磁测工作的技术总结。书中比较全面而系统地阐述了高精度磁测工作特点,以及推广地面高精度磁测以来的主要经验教训,并提出了相应的改进措施。由于我国经发展的不平衡,各部门开展高精度磁测的时间差很大。为使后开展高精度磁测工作的单位少走弯路而编写了这本《指南》,希望它能起到“鉴往知来”的作用。此外,本书尚有三方面的用途: 1.为即将颁布的《地面高精度磁测技术规程》(行业标准)提供必要的参考资料。 2.可作为高精度磁测短训班的培训教材。 3.作为从事高精度磁测专业人员的简明技术手册。本书对地质院校物探专业师生也有较大参考价值。以近代科技成果为依托的高精度磁测工作正处在迅速发展之中,有些技术难题的解决目 相似文献
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近几年来,正是在磁测设计上受以往中、低磁测“老概念”的干扰大,走的弯路最多,教训是深刻的。今后,我们一定要在提高认识、总结经验的基础上努力搞好高精度磁测的设计工作。 5.1 正确地确定高精度磁测任务 5.1.1 高精度磁测是新一轮地质普查必不可少的基础性地球物理调查工作磁法是物探方法中最轻便,效率高、成本低,理论上最成熟,通用性最强的方法,在提高了磁测精度,改进工作方法之后会提供内涵十分丰富的大量新信息,是成矿预测及解决各类地质问题必不可少的基础资料。所以在成矿远景区,应当首先广泛开展高精度磁测预普查,提供进一步普查选区的依据。各级领导必须重视开展高精度磁测预普查的重要意义,否 相似文献
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大比例尺高精度航磁异常查证方法的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大比例尺、高精度航空磁测具有飞行高度低、定位误差小,磁测精度高的特点。在寻找深部隐伏矿时,查证高精度航磁异常可以省去地面面积性磁测环节,节省异常查证费用和加快异常查证速度。 相似文献
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1.1 新旧两代磁测的本质差别自从1987年,我国在引进技术基础上批量生产了MP～4微机质子磁力仪以来,高精度磁测工作已逐步在全国推广。回顾近几年推广地面高精度磁测工作的过程,使我们深深体会到要把高精度磁测成功地用于新一轮地质普查,而且能发挥其应有的作用,其难度之大是出乎预料的。由于磁法是最古老也是理论上最成熟的物探方法,原以为在磁力仪换代后只要能确保磁测的高精度,其它方面与中、低精度磁测无大差别。所以,在最初几年对微机质子磁力仪性能的测试与野外工作方法等方面,作了较系统的试验研究后,于1988年6月颁布了《地面高 相似文献
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高精度磁测在云南省德宏州某地区的应用,取得了较好的效果。采用规范的地面高精度磁测方法,取得可靠的磁测数据,圈定出磁异常。经过对资料处理与定性分析解释,推断出磁异常的成因,为开展下一步地质工作和找矿远景预测,提供了有效的地球物理依据。 相似文献
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高精度磁测在陕北煤田火烧区的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对陕北某井田实测地面高精度磁测异常的解译,总结利用高精度磁测有效圈定煤层自燃边界的方法和经验,并通过钻孔加以验证,为以后此类工作提供了借鉴. 相似文献
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Ellery Frahm 《Geoarchaeology》2012,27(2):166-174
As new analytical techniques are brought to sourcing studies and researchers compile data into multi‐laboratory databases, systematic evaluation is essential. The importance of precision and accuracy is clear, but Shackley (2005) also calls for “archaeological accuracy.” Hughes (1998) offered a framework to consider precision and accuracy alongside the concepts of reliability and validity. These four concepts can serve as a foundation to evaluate archaeological sourcing data and procedures, but adoption of Hughes’ framework has been nearly nonexistent. Unfortunately, Hughes’ formulations of reliability and validity are somewhat at odds with their conventional definitions, hindering his framework. Furthermore, the concept of precision has become outdated in analytical circles, and superfluous terms (e.g., replicability) have emerged in the archaeological literature. Here I consider the basis of Hughes’ framework and how its four components, when applied consistently by the sourcing community, are best applied to evaluate analytical data and techniques for sourcing. 相似文献
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14C加速器质谱(14C-AMS)测年技术具有测量精度高、速度快以及样品需求量少的特点,为考古年代学研究提供了一种新的途径.通过对中国考古学中的一些断代难题,例如夏商周断代工程、城头山遗址的环境考古、江西瑞昌铜岭冶铜遗址的14C-AMS测年分析,以及周原黄土地层学与年代学相结合的研究,总结了14C-AMS测年技术在提供可靠的年代、解决考古年代学中微量样品的测年难题方面,具有不可替代的优势.指出考古学的研究既要与地层学相结合,更重要的是与现代高灵敏度的测年技术相结合,并认为14C-AMS测年将成为未来中国考古年代学研究的一个重要方向. 相似文献
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This paper re-examines the chronology and environmental context for the transition to agriculture in the Southern Levant, seen as the likely starting point for the adoption of agriculture in Europe and the Near East. The role in this process of abrupt late Quaternary climate change has been discussed widely, but limitations on the archaeological and palaeoenvironmental chronologies have led to varying interpretations. Here we attempt to clarify the situation by first testing the available radiocarbon database for the archaeological transitions from the Natufian through to the PPNA. We apply internationally accepted radiocarbon quality assurance procedures and find that a significant number of the published dates fall bellow acceptable standards. The cleaning process significantly clarifies and constrains the reported time ranges for the Natufian, Late Natufian and PPNA. We then apply the new IntCal09 calibration curve and Bayesian calibration methods, using the archaeological phasing to constrain the data and calculate the most likely timing of the transitions between each phase. We then compare the onset and duration of archaeological phases to data representing the key Northern Hemisphere climatic transitions, using the new GICC05 Greenland Ice core timescale and the timing of transitions between wet and dry phases in the southern Levant from published high precision isotopic analyses of Speleothem data. The results of this exercise present the currently best available chronology for these events and suggest that during the second part of the Lateglacial interstadial, drying of the southern Levant may have triggered the transition to the Late Natufian, when hunter-gatherer communities resorted to a more mobile lifestyle. The Late Natufian culture appears to have disappeared from the southern Levant during the Younger Dryas, as drying intensified. There is then a gap in well dated evidence for human occupation until a reappearance of humans at the onset of the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) period at the beginning of the Holocene. Thus the onset of the Holocene can be hypothesised to be the driver behind the onset of the Neolithic in this region. 相似文献
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Assessment of Nanosecond Laser Ablation Multi‐Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry for Pb and Sr Isotopic Determination in Archaeological Glass: Mass Bias Correction Strategies and Results for Corning Glass Reference Materials 
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下载免费PDF全文 Alicia Van Ham‐Meert Stepan M. Chernonozhkin Stijn J.M. Van Malderen Thibaut Van Acker Frank Vanhaecke Patrick Degryse 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2018,42(2):223-238
This work presents an evaluation of various methods for in situ high‐precision Sr and Pb isotopic determination in archaeological glass (containing 100–500 μg g?1 target element) by nanosecond laser ablation multi‐collector‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ns‐LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS). A set of four soda‐lime silicate glasses, Corning A–D, mimicking the composition of archaeological glass and produced by the Corning Museum of Glass (Corning, New York, USA), were investigated as candidates for matrix‐matched reference materials for use in the analysis of archaeological glass. Common geological reference materials with known isotopic compositions (USGS basalt glasses BHVO‐2G, GSE‐1G and NKT‐1G, soda‐lime silicate glass NIST SRM 610 and several archaeological glass samples with known Sr isotopic composition) were used to evaluate the ns‐LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS analytical procedures. When available, ns‐LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS results for the Corning glasses are reported. These were found to be in good agreement with results obtained via pneumatic nebulisation (pn) MC‐ICP‐MS after digestion of the glass matrix and target element isolation. The presence of potential spectral interference from doubly charged rare earth element (REE) ions affecting Sr isotopic determination was investigated by admixing Er and Yb aerosols by means of pneumatic nebulisation into the gas flow from the laser ablation system. It was shown that doubly charged REE ions affect the Sr isotope ratios, but that this could be circumvented by operating the instrument at higher mass resolution. Multiple strategies to correct for instrumental mass discrimination in ns‐LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS and the effects of relevant interferences were evaluated. Application of common glass reference materials with basaltic matrices for correction of ns‐LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS isotope data of archaeological glasses results in inaccurate Pb isotope ratios, rendering application of matrix‐matched reference materials indispensable. Correction for instrumental mass discrimination using the exponential law, with the application of Tl as an internal isotopic standard element introduced by pneumatic nebulisation and Corning D as bracketing isotopic calibrator, provided the most accurate results for Pb isotope ratio measurements in archaeological glass. Mass bias correction relying on the power law, combined with intra‐element internal correction, assuming a constant 88Sr/86Sr ratio, yielded the most accurate results for 87Sr/86Sr determination in archaeological glasses 相似文献
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Sasiphan Khaweerat Marshall Weisler Jian‐xin Zhao Yue‐xing Feng Kefu Yu 《Geoarchaeology》2010,25(5):527-540
Archaeologists rely on the spatial and temporal distribution of artifacts and other site‐based materials to understand the stratigraphic integrity of the matrix in which remains are embedded. Although they are aware of taphonomic and site formation processes that can cause post‐depositional movement of objects, misinterpretation can occur. We used high‐precision 230Th dating of branch corals found throughout cultural layers of a coastal Hawaiian midden to identify the effects of post‐depositional disturbances to the archaeological record. Fifteen corals distributed in three cultural layers of a Mo'omomi bay site on west Moloka'i, Hawaiian Islands, were 230Th dated between A.D. 1513 and A.D. 1623. Even though the cultural layers appeared visually intact, the positions of the dated coral samples indicate stratigraphic mixing as there is no positive age–depth correlation. Consequently, all cultural layers should be considered one analytical unit for analysis of contents. This study is applicable to other Pacific archaeological sites, especially throughout Hawaii and East Polynesia generally, that have well‐preserved branch coral for 230Th dating. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Topographic maps are fundamental for geoarchaeological field studies and archaeological excavations. However, traditional methods of topographic mapping, as well as modern high‐tech methods such as airborne laser scanning and photogrammetry of high‐resolution satellite images, are often cost‐ineffective for field studies in terms of time, money, and labor. We here propose a method to measure topography for archaeological sites and surrounding areas quickly and accurately, using a laser range finder (LRF) and differential global positioning system DGPS. Three‐dimensional coordinates of points on land surfaces are measured through the LRF, targeted from multiple measuring locations whose positions are acquired with the DGPS. The point data are then interpolated to produce a digital elevation model (DEM) using a geographic information system (GIS). High‐resolution DEMs can be obtained with this method, with horizontal and vertical accuracies on the order of 10 cm. We here demonstrate the method for measuring detailed topography of the Hacituğrul Tepe in central Turkey. Digital topography data incorporated in GIS can also be part of an archaeological database, providing opportunities for quantitative analyses of topography and archaeological materials. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2018,350(6):319-330
Morocco hosts numerous archaeological sites, some of which are part of the UNESCO world heritage. Many of these sites, especially funerary mounds also called tumuli, or rock engravings and ceramics, are located in remote areas with limited access, particularly in the Saharan Morocco desert. We developed a remote sensing and GIS model to identify areas with high potential for hosting archaeological sites in the Awserd region of southern Morocco. A field campaign in a “reference site” zone of 21 km2 has revealed 233 archaeological sites. Here we use satellite images and Digital Elevation Models to examine with various techniques (spatial analysis, statistical techniques, and fuzzy logic functions) the relations between the distribution of the archaeological sites and geo-environmental variables such as ground geology, topographic elevation and slope, orientation (aspect), and distance to water sources. We derive empirical relations that reveal that the distribution of archaeological sites depends on the above geo-environmental variables. We then use the empirical relations to anticipate the potential locations of archaeological sites in a region of 980 km2 enclosing the reference site area. The model proves capable of predicting 582 sites in the larger region. Subsequent field observations there confirmed that about 80% of the model anticipations were correct. Our Archaeological Predictive Model (APM) can be scaled to larger areas and varied geographic settings, and hence can be a useful guide for archeological studies in desert regions. 相似文献
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Juan Bautista Belardi Gisela Cassiodoro Rafael Goi Michael D. Glascock Alejandro Súnico 《Geoarchaeology》2015,30(3):223-237
Hunter‐gatherer mobility and spheres of interaction are important characteristics worthy of investigation in Patagonian archaeology. One way to approach these is by studying the distribution of lithic archaeological materials. Siltstone (limolite) artifacts are found along the western strip of southwestern Patagonia, Argentina. Based on geomorphological studies and the high density of archaeological material, a source was located along the western margin of Cardiel Lake. Neutron activation analysis of samples from the source and archaeological sites in several neighboring basins allowed us to model its circulation. Siltstone's archaeological distribution indicates that its regional circulation had a southerly direction dating from the early Holocene. This southern vector shows an important difference when compared to the distribution of obsidian from Pampa del Asador, which has a broader circulation pattern. This could be related to a greater availability of high‐quality lithic materials north of the siltstone source. This work also contributes to the construction of a lithic source database for southern Patagonia. 相似文献
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H. Kars 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1998,62(1-3)
Empirical evidence has shown that industrialization and changes in agricultural practices have caused worldwide dramatic changes in the burial conditions of the archaeological remains. The current understanding of the problem, however, is not sufficiently advanced, which hinders adequate measures to prevent a tremendous loss of archaeological information. In the beginning of the nineties, research programmes were started to gain insight into the deterioration of different kinds of organic and inorganic components, representing a great variety of archaeomaterials. Knowledge of the present-day preservation condition of the remains will create the scientific basis for an environmental risk assessment of archaeological sites. It also will be the basis for developing strategies for the monitoring of a well-defined number of endangered sites. Such a monitoring system particularly is needed at places where geotechnical measures, like the local up-levelling of the soil and the creation of an artificially high ground water table, have been carried out to protect the archaeological heritage. 相似文献