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为准确预测和有效应对“揭河底”冲刷险情,通过大量挖掘相关水文站1950年以来的原始测验资料,结合概化模型试验,对“揭河底”冲刷期河道断面形态调整过程及洪水位变化情况进行了深入研究。结果表明,“揭河底”冲刷期河道形态调整具有明显的规律性。从过程看,一般可分为4个阶段,即“揭河底”前的一般冲刷阶段、河底高程基本不变阶段、胶泥块揭起河床快速下降阶段和“揭河底”后期持续冲刷阶段及回淤阶段。“揭河底”洪水与非“揭河底”洪水在水位表现上差别较大,非“揭河底”洪水水位流量关系曲线较为平缓,洪水前后水位变化过程呈明显的逆时针绳套;“揭河底”洪水水位流量关系曲线较为陡峭,水位变化过程呈明显的顺时针绳套,“揭河底”发生的瞬时,水位有一个明显的升高和快速下降过程。从流态看,水面紊动剧烈的地方位于发生“揭河底”位置的下游,这也是本次研究的一个重大发现。 相似文献
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河道水位流量预报方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
论述了加里宁-米尔加科夫洪水演进方法，通过“虚设下游断面”的概念和变特征河长演进的思路将其改进。结合洪水波的运动波近似值，建立了河道洪水流量和水位预报方法。将该方法用于小清河干流济南城区规划河段，得到了孟家节制闸处的洪水流量和水位变化过程，为河道的规划设计和防洪调度提供了决策依据。 相似文献
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阐述了南平市区洪水特性、灾害及防洪工程状况,分析了防洪特征水位的比选方案及水位流量关系曲线,对各比选方案的洪水要素、河道断面流速、洪水频率、洪水地区组成、河道水面线等进行分析计算,为警戒水位、危险水位的确定提供科学依据. 相似文献
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2017年6月下旬到7月初,2019年7月上旬到中旬,湘江干流接连发生特大洪水。通过分析湘江流域多个测站的水文整编资料,结合部分实时信息,从降雨过程时空分布、干支流有关测站洪水水位流量过程、洪水组成、洪量、洪水传播时间与宣泄速度等方面,对2017年洪水与2019年洪水的暴雨洪水特征进行了对比分析。2017年洪水,湘潭站上游的衡山、衡阳、冷水滩站水位过程与流量过程对应呈双峰形状,而湘潭站水位过程没有出现双峰;2019年洪水,湘江干流上下游站点的水位过程与流量过程基本对应,均呈双峰形状;2017年洪水宣泄慢,2019年洪水宣泄极快。2017年洪水与2019年洪水流量过程与水位过程起伏不对应、洪水宣泄速度的差异主要是由于洞庭湖水位顶托因素影响导致。 相似文献
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采用平面二维水动力数值模拟方法,对伊洛河交汇区河段的错峰洪水特性进行了系统分析,讨论了洪水水位、流态及两支流的相互影响,结果表明:数值模拟成果与实测数据有很好的一致性。研究发现:交汇区流场呈现马鞍形水面形态,并随流量增大向下游推进;错峰洪水过程中强势支流产生的漫滩水流对弱势支流形成壅堵,交汇区水动力要素与流态均与强、弱支流流量比有明显的关联性,交汇点下游的螺旋流结构与转向受当时强势支流控制;错峰洪水使交汇区水位随时间变化呈现三段式二次曲线特征,在两洪峰期间交汇区保持高水位的时间比单峰或同峰长5~7倍;错峰洪水使交汇区洪水位与流量形成特殊的Y型曲线关系,在两个洪峰点附近,水位与汇流比的对应关系出现前、后两个拐点。 相似文献
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寸滩站作为长江上游重要控制站,承担着上游防汛和三峡蓄水的双重任务。基于三峡蓄水初期寸滩站水力学特性发生改变和该时段“高水位、低流量”现象,发现Q≤25 000 m3/s时,寸滩受顶托显著,Z—Q关系线发生“左偏”。在此变化条件下,分别研究了平水期、涨水期的水位、流量预报方法,即先由河道演算的流量查询预报综合线得到水位预报,进而通过水位反查报汛综合线（或绳套、临时关系线）获得流量预报。平水期,依适用条件采用落差指数或多元门限回归开展预报,成果基本能够满足防汛和蓄水需求;涨水期,以“嘉陵江2021年第3号洪水”寸滩预报为例,分析了洪水组成、Z—Q关系绳套化、洪峰水位流量错时出现、水库实时调度和下游顶托等多种因素,采用多源、多尺度水文气象耦合与预报调度一体化辅以主客观融合的人工校正技术实时预警预报,支撑长江上游水库群联合调度,降低寸滩水位约1～2.5 m。研究可为长江上游秋汛防洪和保障三峡蓄水提供支撑。 相似文献
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河道型水库因动库容特性显著,传统的静库容调洪方法难以适用,研究动库容调洪方法是亟待解决的问题。当坝前水位爬升到最高点时,库区内的洪水演进到达一种临界状态,库区内的水文、水力条件相对稳定,在出库流量和入库流量一定的情况下,可望获得最高坝前水位与同时刻库容之间良好的对应关系。依托三峡库区水文水动力耦合预报模型,建立了一组以出库流量、入库流量为参数的动库容曲线,以供调洪时快速查算最高坝前水位。采用2009年以来三峡水库16场场次洪水资料,检验所建动库容曲线的合理性。结果表明,各场洪水的最高库水位查算值与实况平均偏差仅0.20m,证明建立的基于动库容曲线的三峡水库最高库水位查算方法具有较好的实践价值。 相似文献
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基于神经网络理论的河道水情预报模型 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
河道水流运动过程特别是洪水演进过程是一个复杂的非线性动力学过程,鉴于神经网络具有很强的处理大规模复杂非线性动力学系统的能力,本文将神经网络理论用于河道水情预报的研究,以期识别水流运动变化过程与其影响因子之间的复杂非线性关系,为河道水情预报提供了一条新的途径。在此基础上建立了螺山站洪水预报的非线性动力学模型,通过分析研究得出近年来特别是1998年长江中游出现的小流量高水位现象与螺山汉口河段累计淤积有关并得到螺山站水位变化与河床淤积之间的定量关系。 相似文献
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Huayang Cai Qingshu Yang Zihao Zhang Xiaojuan Guo Feng Liu Suying Ou 《Estuaries and Coasts》2018,41(7):1885-1903
The behavior of the residual water level in estuarine environment is complex due to the highly nonlinear interaction between river flow and tide and the contributions made by these two external forcing to the dynamics of the residual water level are not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigate the effect of river-tide dynamics on the temporal-spatial changes of flow in terms of residual water level in the Pearl River channel networks, which is one of the complex channel networks in the world. Making use of a nonstationary tidal harmonic analysis, the continuous time series observations of water level covering a spring-neap cycle in 1999 (representing flood season) and 2001 (representing dry season) collected from around 60 stations in the Pearl River channel networks have been used to extract the temporal-spatial changes in stage and tidal properties (including amplitudes and phases) as a function of variable freshwater discharge and ocean tide. It was shown that the averaged residual water level during the flood season (ranging 0–5 m) is one order magnitude than that during the dry season (ranging 0–0.35 m). The distribution of the residual water level clearly indicates that the Pearl River channel networks feature two sub-systems, i.e., the central part of the channel networks being river-dominated with high value of residual water level and the eastern and western sides being tide-dominated with low value of residual water level. To understand the relative importance of river flow and tide on the temporal-spatial distribution of the residual water level, an idealized model is subsequently applied to the Modaomen estuary, which debouches the largest portion of river discharge into the South China Sea. Analytical results showed that the residual water level is mainly determined by the variation of the freshwater discharge for the flood season, while it is primarily controlled by the tidal forcing for the dry season and features a typical spring-neap cycle. 相似文献
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为探明在新水沙条件和人类活动的影响下珠江三角洲河网地形变化与洪季水动力特征变化之间的关系,以1999-2008年为研究时段,基于1999年地形建立一维河网数学模型,复演珠江三角洲地区"08·6"洪水,并与"08·6"实测资料进行对比,分析河网地形变化对洪季水动力特征的影响。结果表明:①珠江三角洲河网地形整体下切加强了河道行洪能力,在遭遇洪峰30年一遇的"08·6"洪水时洪水位整体下降,三角洲顶部马口站洪水位最大降幅达到0.9 m;②河网内潮差和潮汐传播速度增大,潮区界上移至马口、三水以上;③西江河网地形下切幅度大于北江河网,地形不均匀下切导致河网节点分流比改变,西江河网洪水期分流增加2%,马口站和天河站洪峰流量增幅分别接近1 500 m^3/s和1 000 m^3/s;④西江马口站分流比随上游洪水流量增大而减小的趋势没有改变,但地形不均匀下切导致其变化梯度增大。珠江三角洲近年地形的不均匀下切,是近年珠江三角洲河网地区,特别是河网腹地洪水灾害有所减轻的主要原因之一。 相似文献
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Response of bankfull discharge of the Inner Mongolia Yellow River to flow and sediment factors 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bankfull discharge is a comprehensive factor reflecting the channel-forming capability of water flow and the flood and sediment transport capacity of a river channel. It is based on the interaction of the flow, sediment, and river channel, of which flow and sediment conditions play crucial roles. Using data recorded since the 1950s, this paper analyses statistically, the characteristics and variations of bankfull discharge at two stations on the Inner Mongolian reaches of the upper Yellow River. Results indicate that flood season variations in bankfull discharge are nonlinear and are governed by flood peak discharge, mean discharge, and the mean incoming sediment coefficients. Variation in bankfull discharge is related not only to the flow and sediment conditions of the current year but also to those of previous years. The 10-year moving average of flow and sediment conditions can be representative of present and previous years. By considering flood season peak discharge and incoming sediment coefficients as independent impact factors, a formula is derived to determine bankfull discharge. The results can be used to predict the bankfull discharge of the Yellow River channel in Inner Mongolia under specific flow and sediment conditions and provide reference for the purpose of further study related to restoring and maintaining the basic functions of the river channel regarding flood discharge and sediments. 相似文献
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黄河上游内蒙古冲积性河道凌汛问题突出,研究河道冲淤演变与凌情响应机制可为该河段防凌减灾提供技术支持。根据内蒙古河段凌情、河道冲淤演变资料,分析凌情变化表征指标及与之密切相关的河道冲淤演变特征指标,研究河道冲淤演变特征指标与凌情变化表征指标的响应关系。结果表明:河道冲淤演变的特征指标平滩流量与凌情表征指标冰下过流能力、槽蓄水增量关系密切,冰下过流能力为平滩流量的1/5左右,随着平滩流量减小而减小,而槽蓄水增量随着平滩流量的减小而增大,有利内蒙古河段防凌的平滩流量宜不小于2 000 m3/s,槽蓄水增量宜不超过14亿m3。本研究成果可为内蒙古河段冰凌灾害防治提供参考。 相似文献
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An estimation of discharge using mean velocity derived through Chiu’s velocity equation 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
To estimate discharge through the year (dry season and flood season), a stage–discharge curve derived through monitoring discharge in about 20 rivers or channels every year has been generally used. As revealed in many studies, however, the stage–discharge curve is inevitably affected by their hydraulic characteristics. This suggests that the use of a stage–discharge curve derived without considering hydraulic characteristics unique to a river or channel may produce significant errors in estimating discharge at not only low stage (during dry seasons) but also high stage (during flood seasons). In this study, the authors proposed a method to calculate the mean velocity and to estimate the discharge considering the hydraulic characteristics of a river or channel (e.g. the bed slope, wetted perimeter, width, kinematic viscosity, etc.); the method was developed using Chiu’s velocity equation. With the proposed method, it is possible to calculate a maximum velocity that is difficult to measure in an open channel, derive an entropy function representing the equilibrium of the channel, and thereby, estimate reliable discharge even in a flood season. To comparatively verify the utility of the proposed method, relations between the results of analysis using Manning’s and Chezy’s mean velocity equations and the values of measured discharge were addressed together. The results of analysis using lab data sets and measured data sets revealed that the proposed method was significantly more accurate in estimating discharge, even in flood seasons, when compared with the conventional method. 相似文献
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近年来长江中下游来沙量持续减少,河道面临长距离、长历时的冲淤调整,河道蓄泄关系发生变化,对防洪造成影响。在长江中下游河道冲淤及其蓄泄能力变化预测成果的基础上,对比计算了现状和未来河道蓄泄能力条件下,遇1954年洪水,长江上游水库防洪调度和中下游地区超额洪量的变化情况。结果表明,未来随着长江中下游河道进一步冲刷,河道槽蓄容积增加,相同防洪控制水位下的河道安全泄量增大,三峡水库在进行防洪调度时可下泄流量增大,总拦蓄洪量减小,长江中下游地区总超额洪量减小,但超额洪量在地区分布上存在从上游向下游转移的情况。 相似文献
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Sylvain Capo Isabelle Brenon Aldo Sottolichio Patrice Castaing Patrick Le Goulven 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2009,55(1-2):52
In comparison to their temperate counterparts, sediment processes in tropical estuaries are poorly known and especially in African ones. The hydrodynamics of such environments is controlled by a combination of multiple processes including morphology, salinity, mangrove vegetation, tidal processes, river discharge, settling and erosion of mud and by physico-chemical processes as well as sediment dynamics.The aim of this study is to understand the sediment processes in this transitional stage of the estuary when the balance between river discharges and marine processes is reversing. Studying the hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics of the Konkouré Estuary has recently been made possible thanks to new data on bathymetry, sedimentary cover, salinity, water elevations, and current velocities. The Lower Konkouré is a shallow, funnel shaped, mesotidal mangrove-fringed, tide-dominated estuary, well mixed during low river discharge and stratified during high river discharge. The Konkouré Estuary is turbid despite the small amount of terrestrial input and its residual velocity at the mouth during low river discharges, landwards for two of the three branches, suggests a landward migration by tidal pumping of the suspended particulate matter. A Turbidity Maximum Zone (TMZ) is identified for typical states of the estuary with regard to fluvial and tidal components. Suspended sediment transport during a transitional stage between the rainy and dry seasons is known thanks to current velocity and Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) measurements taken in November 2003. The Richardson layered number calculation assesses that turbulence is the major mixing process in the water column, at least during the flood and ebb stages, whereas stratification occurs during the slack water periods. Tidal currents generate bottom erosion, and turbulence mixes the suspended sediment throughout the water column. As a result, a net sediment input is calculated from the western Konkouré outlet for two consecutive tidal cycles. Despite the net water export, almost 300 tons per tide reach the estuary through this outlet, for a moderate river flow. 相似文献
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近年来长江中下游来沙量持续减少，河道面临长距离、长历时的冲淤调整，河道蓄泄关系发生变化，对防洪造成影响。在长江中下游河道冲淤及其蓄泄能力变化预测成果的基础上，对比计算了现状和未来河道蓄泄能力条件下，遇1954年洪水，长江上游水库防洪调度和中下游地区超额洪量的变化情况。结果表明，未来随着长江中下游河道进一步冲刷，河道槽蓄容积增加，相同防洪控制水位下的河道安全泄量增大，三峡水库在进行防洪调度时可下泄流量增大，总拦蓄洪量减小，长江中下游地区总超额洪量减小，但超额洪量在地区分布上存在从上游向下游转移的情况。 相似文献
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海南岛洋浦湾沉积作用研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
本文对海南岛洋浦湾海域的洋浦湾、新英湾、洋浦深槽及拦门沙浅滩的沉积环境和沉积特征做了描述、讨论，对河流、海岸侵蚀和珊瑚礁生物的３种沉积物来源及数量做了分析计算，得出其总量为９×１０4ｍ３／ａ。根据钻孔柱状样的14Ｃ及210Ｐｂ分析，得出８０００ａＢ．Ｐ．以来沉积速率为０．１～０．２ｃｍ／ａ，近百年来沉积速率为１～２ｃｍ／ａ。 相似文献