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热液作用是金矿化中极其重要的机制,金在热液中的存在形式具有十分重要的地质意义。自然界中金元素主要呈金属态存在,而且其粒度极为细小,在自然环境中几乎没有化学反应能将其离解成离子状态,人工合成的金络合物在地质环境中基本未被发现,说明金难以以络合物的形式存在于热液中。根据许多地质现象及"纳米效应"推断金在热液中可能主要呈金属态存在。 相似文献
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金在热液流体中存在形式的讨论：“纳米效应”在成矿理论中的应用 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
热液作用是金矿化中极其重要的机制，金在热液中的存在形式具有十分重要的地质意义。自然界中金元素主要呈金属态存在，而且其粒度极为细小，在自然环境中几乎没有化学反应能将其离解成离子状态，人工合成的金络合物在地质环境中基本未被发现，说明金难以以络合物的形式存在于热液中。根据许多地质现象及“纳米效应”推断金在热液中可能主要呈金属态存在。 相似文献
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金的资源开发和生产近年来受到国家的重视。为了配合此项任务,对于金的分析方法也就相应地引起人们的注意。金在地壳中的丰度为5×10~(-3)g/t,由于金的化学性质不活泼,金在自然中不形成硫、氧等化合物,大都以自然金存在;但在自然界中很少遇到化学纯的金,这就给金的分析测定带来一定的困难。近几年来,国内发表关于金的分析方法的文章很多,本文查阅了近十年来有关地质样品中金的分离富集手段和测定方法。进行综合介绍,以供地质分析工作者参考。 相似文献
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国内外对金矿"矿源层(岩)"的研究经历了推断假说阶段、地球化学判别阶段和金的赋存状态(可释放性)研究阶段.最新研究表明,地层/岩石中的金可以分为两个部分,一部分金赋存在硅酸盐或氧化物相晶格中,这部分金在成矿过程中很难被释放出来,故对成矿无贡献或贡献不大;而另一部分则主要赋存于硫化物矿物、造岩矿物颗粒之间及有机质或碳酸岩颗粒中,在后期成矿作用过程中,易于被释放出来,随着成矿介质(流体等)迁移,在有利成矿部位富集成矿.随着研究日渐深入,矿源层理论将与自然界的地质事实越来越接近. 相似文献
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电热石墨炉原子吸收法测定贵金属 (二)岩石矿物中超痕量金钯铂的测定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在自然界中,金主要以元素状态散布在岩石层中或砂矿中,金在地壳中的平均含量为5×10~(-7)％。钯、铂往往以游离的元素状态存在,在自然界中分布很少,其克拉克值分别为1×10~(-6)％,5×10~(-7)％。考虑到金的代表性,测试时往往需要取大样。岩石矿物中超痕量金、钯、铂的定量测试,一般都需要进行富集和分离,而后才能进行测定。 萃取富集分离法就目前来说优于其它技术,许多试剂被推荐为萃取剂。作者认为 相似文献
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利用矿物或岩石中铀、钍裂变的碎片径迹来测定铀、钍含量及矿物年令的方法,是裂变径迹法在地质上的应用途径之一。早在1939年就发现铀在受到热中子轰击下,会产生裂变,但一直到1962年普赖斯(Price)等人用蚀刻法把裂变径迹扩大到可用普通光学显微镜进行观察研究之后,裂变径迹法才开始应用到地质研究上来。我国是在最近几年才开始开展这项工作的。1978年我们初次尝试使用诱发裂变径迹法(同时配合其他方法,如重砂分析、中子活化分析和电子探针分析等)确定岩石矿物的铀含量和了解铀在岩石矿物中的配分状况,初步获得了一些有益的结果。 相似文献
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金在硫化物矿物中呈负价态存在及其形成机理初探李九玲，冯大明，亓锋，张桂兰（地矿部矿床地质研究所，北京１０００３７）关键词金，硫化物，金的负价态，实验地球化学金与硫化物的密切共生关系是明显的，特别是与黄铁矿、毒砂、辉锑矿等。但是在大多数类型金矿床中都是... 相似文献
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胶东地区探明金储量超过5000t,是我国最重要的金矿集区。玲珑金矿区位于胶东西北部招-平断裂北段,具有典型含金石英脉矿床的特征。矿区部分矿段产出富碲铋化物的明金矿石,是研究富碲铋化物金矿床成因和金超级富集机制的理想对象。通过显微岩相学观察、扫描电镜及电子探针分析,首次对胶东玲珑金矿区富碲铋化物明金矿石的矿物组合和形成机制进行了较为详细的研究。玲珑金矿区含明金矿石中的金矿物主要为含银自然金,成色整体较高,平均为894。共发现了五种与自然金共生的碲化物,分别是辉碲铋矿、碲铋矿、碲银矿、碲铋银矿和碲镍矿,其中辉碲铋矿含量最多。通过矿物共生组合研究及物理化学条件分析,确定成矿流体的碲逸度范围为-12.6相似文献
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研究表明：高龙隆起边缘的环状断裂为高龙金矿的控矿构造;成矿物质源于古生界碳酸盐岩和中生界砂泥岩;含矿热液为由雨水（含岩溶水）及岩浆水组成的深循环地下水;成矿环境为相对开放;金矿床为深循环地下水渗滤成因。总结归纳了高龙金矿成矿地质特征和地球化学特征,为便于寻找同类型矿床,提出了宏观和微观找矿标志。 相似文献
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大平掌矿床是西南三江地区重要的铜金多金属矿床，为系统地对比研究矿区16号勘探线新发现两类金矿体，即V1块状硫化物矿体中顺层产出的层状金矿体、穿层断裂带中的网脉状金矿体中金的赋存状态、载金矿物类型，探讨金的沉淀机制。文章基于详实的野外地质调查，运用光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)观察，结合电子探针(EPMA)分析和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)原位微量元素分析。结果表明，两类金矿体矿石中可见金为金的独立矿物(银金矿、碲金矿、碲金银矿)，以裂隙金形式赋存，层状金矿体矿石中还可见晶隙金；热液型黄铁矿是两类金矿体矿石的主要载金矿物，其中“不可见金”均以固溶体金(Au+)为主，存在极少数的纳米金(Au0)。两类金矿体金的成矿均受后期东西向断裂带影响，为后期具有较高碲逸度的成矿热液充填成矿提供有利空间，金的独立矿物颗粒细小且分布不均，是由流体的沸腾和混合作用以及不平衡、不稳定的流体体系造成；两类金矿体中固溶体金(Au+)均由Au+占据黄铁矿晶格空位或缺陷等畸变形成。 相似文献
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王水溶样-氢醌容量法测定碳酸盐地质样品中的金 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
应用王水溶样-活性炭富集金-氢醌容量法测定岩石、土壤等一般地质样品中的金时,王水溶样后经布氏漏斗抽滤后剩余的不溶物残渣中金含量小于金总量的4%,通常不计入分析结果。而碳酸盐地质样品经焙烧后在王水溶解过程中因为钙和镁的硅酸盐含量较高,形成了不溶于王水的二氧化硅凝胶及大量钙镁胶状物,包裹和吸附样品溶液中的金,造成分析过程中金的损失。本文将抽滤后的滤液和不溶物残渣分别处理,收集王水分解样品抽滤步骤后的不溶物残渣,用氢氟酸-硫酸除硅,王水溶解测定残渣中的金含量,滤液和残渣两次测试合量为样品中金含量。实验研究了不溶物残渣中的金量、金的来源以及样品中硅钙镁的含量对金测定的影响。结果表明,不溶物残渣吸附和包裹的金量占样品金总量的18%~22%,残渣中金的主要来源是已被王水溶解但被二氧化硅等胶状物包裹吸附而未进入溶液的金,其次是未被王水溶解的单质金。胶状物的形成与样品中钙镁硅含量有直接的关系,当CaCO3、MgCO3含量达到30%以上时,必须考虑残渣中的金,以保证金的测试结果准确。 相似文献
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Discovered and undiscovered gold endowment of Turkey: a quantitative mineral resource assessment using GIS and rank statistical analysis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An assessment of the discovered and undiscovered gold endowment of Turkey, a prolific sector in the Tethyan Metallogenic Belt, is developed from a comprehensive Geographic Information System database containing 402 gold deposits and prospects. The majority of the gold deposits and prospects are epithermal, porphyry, volcanic-associated massive sulfides, orogenic gold, and skarn systems. These five major deposit types form more than 90% of the known gold deposits and prospects. Just 87, corresponding to 21.6%, of the deposits and prospects in the data set have current calculated gold reserve and/or resources, containing a total of 54.885 Moz Au. Current gold reserves of the country are 21.447 Moz constituting 39.1% of the total gold resources, of which 17.1 Moz gold are contained in four deposits. Out of these 87 deposits and prospects, only 27 contain significant gold reserve and/or resources (defined as equal to or more than 0.32 Moz or 10 tons Au), and contain 91.8% of the total gold endowment of the country. The cumulative frequency distribution model of the gold endowment of Turkey abides by log-normal distribution. Observed and estimated 10th, 50th (median), and 90th percentiles of the data are 0.0046 Moz [0.0045 Moz estimated], 0.1030 Moz [0.0875 Moz], and 1.4969 Moz [1.6938 Moz], respectively. The 99th percentile of the data is 7.6444 Moz [18.9636 Moz]. The arithmetic mean of the known gold endowment is 0.657 Moz and the Swanson mean size is 0.492 Moz. The arithmetic mean of the 27 significant gold deposit or prospects is 1.94 Moz. Zipf’s law estimates of the undiscovered (residual) gold resources of Turkey are based on the current size of the largest, rank 1, gold deposit of Turkey, which is the Kisladag porphyry deposit that has 17.481 Moz gold endowment (including past production). Zipf’s law estimates a total of 88.261 Moz natural or total gold endowment, 57.133 Moz or 65% of which has already been found. This predicts at least 31.128 Moz residual or undiscovered gold resources to be found in Turkey, though the lack of full delineation of the rank 1 deposit, Kisladag, means that this figure is very conservative. 相似文献
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Robert John Chapman James Keith Mortensen William P. LeBarge 《Mineralium Deposita》2011,46(8):881-903
Between 1978 and 2009, approximately 430,000 oz of placer gold were obtained from the Indian River and Black Hills Creek,
which equates to roughly 20% of the production for the entire Yukon Territory during that period. The area is unglaciated,
exposure is poor, and there are few known lode gold occurrences present. The technique of microchemical characterization of
placer gold grains has been applied to illuminate the style(s) of source mineralization and their relationship to placer gold
from the Klondike gold district immediately to the north. A total of 2,613 placer gold grains from 22 localities were characterised
in terms of the Au, Ag, Cu, and Hg content of their alloy and associated suite of opaque mineral inclusions. A combination
of alloy and inclusion mineralogy was used to define gold signatures which augmented the previous classification of orogenic
gold in the Klondike. Gold type 3b (8–25% Ag) is the main component of the placers in lower Dominion Creek but is augmented
and eventually replaced by type 3a gold (10–40% Ag) in placers in the main Indian River valley, probably through erosion of
gold-bearing veins in the valley floor. Type 4 gold exhibits highly variable Ag which may contain Hg to a maximum of 11 wt.%.
This gold type also hosts a distinctive inclusion assemblage of complex polymetallic sulphides, tellurides, sulfotellurides,
and sulfosalts and has previously been ascribed to local low sulfidation epithermal mineralization. Placer gold in drainages
radiating from Eureka Dome exhibits various proportions of types 3 and 4 gold depending on location, but type 3 gold forms
the major component in Black Hills Creek and northerly flowing tributaries of the Indian River with the exception of Eureka
and Montana creeks. Type 5 gold is found only in placers in the middle and lower Indian River. It is distinguished by slightly
elevated (0.05–0.17%) Cu in the gold alloy, together with low (5–9%) Ag contents. Inclusions of Bi minerals, Cr-bearing magnetite
and molybdenite within type 5 gold suggest derivation from an intrusion-related source. Candidates for such a source include
undiscovered lode occurrences associated with Cretaceous age intrusions to the south of the Indian River, or deformed Cu-Au
(−Mo) porphyry occurrences which are known to be present in the same area. This analysis of placer gold has indicated that
the contribution of low sulfidation epithermal gold from Eureka Creek to the larger placers of the Indian River is minor.
Consequently, the placer gold inventory of the Indian River is primarily orogenic in origin. Similarly, the characterization
of placer gold in Blackhills Creek strongly suggests an orogenic source. This study has demonstrated for the first time that
orogenic lode gold mineralization extends a considerable distance to the south of the southern Klondike goldfield. This information
contributes to the regional models of gold mineralization in an area which is currently the focus of intensive exploration. 相似文献
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Vladimir A. Lisitsin Courteney Dhnaram Paul Donchak Matthew Greenwood 《Mineralium Deposita》2014,49(3):313-333
The Hodgkinson and Broken River provinces of the Mossman Orogen in north Queensland host numerous orogenic gold deposits and still remain under-explored. This paper discusses regional metallogenic controls and results of a probabilistic quantitative assessment of undiscovered gold potential in the region. Significant orogenic gold deposits in the region occur only within relatively small well-endowed metallogenic zones, likely to be controlled by the eastern margin of the Paleoproterozoic continental crust underlying the western Mossman Orogen. Three distinct styles of primary orogenic gold deposits are present in the area: gold–quartz veins, refractory gold associated with quartz–pyrite–arsenopyrite veins and stockworks and stibnite–quartz±gold veins. Refractory gold deposits are estimated to have the highest potential for significant undiscovered resources in the region. The Hodgkinson Province is estimated to host between one and ten significant undiscovered refractory gold ore fields, with a 50 % probability of at least 20 t of total contained gold and a 90 % probability of at least 1 t. The Broken River Province is estimated to host up to five significant undiscovered refractory gold ore fields, with a 50 % probability of at least 12 t of contained gold. 相似文献
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韧性剪切带型金矿成矿模式 总被引：59，自引：3，他引：56
剪切带型金矿是一种重要的金矿床类型,深层次韧性剪切变形是金元素活化迁移过程之一,导致含金动力变质热液形成,中浅层次的韧脆性剪变形区是金元素聚集成矿部位;韧性剪切带的不同变形层次及其人断层岩类型制约着金矿化类型,剪切带型金矿床具有成矿滞后,空间规模差异,物源指示差异,韧性变形强度与金元素含量呈反相关等特征,长期演化的韧性剪切带是剪切带金矿床形成并导致多种金矿化类型叠加,形成大型金矿床的有利条件,也是 相似文献
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S. Jaireth 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3):181-189
This paper presents the results of thermodynamic calculations on the solubility of gold and silver in low‐temperature, moderately saline, oxygen‐saturated fluids. Based on the solubilities of gold and silver it is argued that the quantity of gold transported by the fluids depends on the concentration of silver in the primary ores. In ores where the silver/gold ratio is high (1 to > 10), the fluids become saturated in silver and can not dissolve geologically significant concentrations of gold. In ores where the silver/gold ratio is low (< 1), the fluids remain undersaturated with respect to silver and are able to dissolve geologically realistic concentrations of gold and silver. The oxidized fluids start depositing gold and silver as they move downwards and are reduced by the Fe+2‐bearing minerals of the primary ores. The occurrence of gold in lateritic profiles can be explained by a prolonged process of interaction between the fluid and primary ores, during which gold and silver precipitate and redissolve selectively at the gradually advancing oxidation‐reduction interface. 相似文献