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位于青藏高原南部的冈底斯岩浆弧形成于中生代新特提斯洋俯冲过程中,并在印度与欧亚大陆碰撞过程中叠加了新生代岩浆作用和变质作用。冈底斯岩浆弧东段出露的中、新生代变质岩是研究其深部组成与形成演化的理想窗口。本文对冈底斯东段米林田兴村地区的变沉积岩,即石榴夕线黑云片岩、含石榴钙硅酸盐岩、黑云斜长片麻岩和大理岩进行了岩石学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究。研究结果表明,石榴夕线黑云片岩由夕线石、黑云母、石榴石、斜长石、钾长石、石英和钛铁矿组成,经历了中压麻粒岩相变质作用,变质条件为810~820℃和6.4~7.8kbar。锆石年代学研究表明,石榴夕线黑云片岩、含石榴钙硅酸盐岩和大理岩经历了87~83Ma的变质作用。本文和现有研究表明,冈底斯弧东段林芝和米林地区的高压麻粒岩相变质岩分布区代表该岩浆弧的下地壳,而包括本文研究点在内的中压麻粒岩相到角闪岩相变质岩分布区为其中地壳组成部分。本文认为晚白垩世大体积幔源岩浆的注入和随后的新特提斯大洋岩石圈平俯冲,导致了冈底斯岩浆弧地壳的生长、加厚和底冲,使上地壳的沉积岩和岩浆岩运移到中-下地壳,并经历了高温变质与部分熔融,形成了分布在上地壳的花岗岩。这表明岩浆弧的新生地壳在晚白垩世新特提斯洋俯冲过程中发生了再造。以长英质岩石为主的表壳岩进入深地壳很可能是岩浆弧中-下地壳由基性转变成中性成分的重要方式。 相似文献
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冈底斯岩浆弧东段夕线石榴黑云片岩的变质作用P-T轨迹与构造意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
冈底斯岩浆弧东段的中-新生代变质岩是揭示岩浆弧深部组成与形成演化的窗口。本文对该地区的变质沉积岩——夕线石榴黑云片岩进行了岩石学和锆石年代学研究。岩相学和矿物化学研究表明,夕线石榴黑云片岩具有三期矿物组合:(1)进变质矿物组合为Grt+Pl+Bt+Ms+Qz+Ep+Rt+Ilm,其保存于石榴石和斜长石变斑晶核部;(2)峰期矿物组合为Grt+Pl+Bt+Ms+Qz+Rt+Ilm,为包裹在石榴石变斑晶幔部和基质中的矿物;(3)退变质矿物组合是Grt+Pl+Bt+Sil+Qz+Ilm,为石榴石的冠状体或产在基质中。相平衡模拟表明,岩石的进变质、峰期和退变质条件分别为600～650℃和9～13kbar、～820℃和～16kbar、～680℃和～7kbar,表明岩石具有一个顺时针型的变质作用P-T轨迹,其峰期发生在高压和高温麻粒岩相条件下,并经历了明显的部分熔融。锆石U-Pb定年表明,岩石的变质作用发生在～89Ma。本文和现有研究结果表明,夕线石榴黑云片岩作为晚白垩世岩基中的包体记录了大体积幔源岩浆岩底垫和增生导致的岩浆弧地壳显著加厚过程,以及加厚弧根的高温和高压变质与深熔作用。 相似文献
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冈底斯岩浆弧东端林芝地区出露的中-高级变质岩来自岩浆弧的中、下地壳，是研究岩浆弧深部组成与形成演化的窗口。本文对林芝布久地区西部产出的泥质片岩进行了岩石学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究。研究表明，含夕线石石榴石云母片岩的峰期矿物组合为石榴石+黑云母+斜长石+白云母+夕线石+石英+金红石，经历了角闪岩相变质作用和部分熔融，峰期变质温度和压力条件为~7.4kbar和~715℃。片岩的进变质和部分熔融作用很可能开始于~70Ma，退变质和熔体结晶作用发生在61~48Ma。本文和现有研究成果表明，冈底斯岩浆弧东端变质岩的变质条件存在明显的空间变化，角闪岩相和麻粒岩相变质带变质岩分别代表岩浆弧的中地壳和下地壳组成。同时，岩浆弧的下地壳主要由变质的基性和长英质岩浆岩组成，含少量变质沉积岩，而中地壳主要由变质的花岗质岩浆岩和变质沉积岩组成。我们认为在晚中生代-早新生代，印度大陆与亚洲大陆的碰撞和俯冲的新特提斯洋岩石圈的断离，引起了岩浆弧地壳构造缩短加厚和幔源岩浆增生，进而导致上地壳的沉积岩被埋藏到中、下地壳，并经历长期持续的高温变质和部分熔融作用。本研究不仅揭示出冈底斯岩浆弧经历了晚中生代-早新生代的变质作用，也为岩浆弧的地壳组成与空间变化提供了重要信息。 相似文献
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冈底斯岩浆弧东端石榴斜长角闪岩的晚白垩世岩浆与变质作用记录及构造意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
冈底斯岩浆弧位于青藏高原拉萨地体南部,形成在新特提斯洋向北俯冲的安第斯型造山和印度与欧亚大陆碰撞的喜马拉雅型造山过程中,是研究青藏高原中-新生代构造演化的理想地区。本文对冈底斯岩浆弧东端石榴斜长角闪岩进行了岩石学、相平衡模拟以及锆石U-Pb年代学研究。石榴斜长角闪岩主要由石榴石、角闪石、斜长石、绿帘石、白云母和石英组成,含少量金红石和钛铁矿,具有基性岩浆岩的化学成分。相平衡模拟结果表明,石榴斜长角闪岩经历了高压麻粒岩相变质作用和部分熔融,峰期变质作用的温度和压力条件为～820℃和～1.67GPa,形成深度相当于55km。石榴斜长角闪岩中的锆石具有继承的岩浆核和变质边。锆石岩浆核具有条带状环带,相对高的HREE含量(平均值为1150×10~(-6))和高的Th/U比值(0.51～0.95),给出了90.4±1.7Ma(MSWD=0.32)的原岩结晶年龄。锆石的变质边不具环带,具有较低的HREE含量(平均值为58.5×10~(-6))和低的Th/U比值(0.29～0.40),给出了86.7±5.7Ma(MSWD=0.15)的变质年龄。本文研究结果表明,冈底斯岩浆弧东端晚白垩世辉长岩经历了近侵入同期的高压高温变质作用和部分熔融,大体积幔源岩浆的底垫和增生导致岩浆弧发生了显著的新生地壳生长和加厚。 相似文献
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东喜马拉雅构造结石榴角闪岩变质作用P-T-t轨迹:相平衡模拟与锆石年代学 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
东喜马拉雅构造结南迦巴瓦杂岩由多种类型的高级变质岩组成,包括片岩、片麻岩、大理岩、石榴角闪岩和基性麻粒岩。石榴角闪岩呈透镜状产出在片麻岩中,可见不连续分布的规模不等的浅色体。石榴角闪岩由石榴石、角闪石、黑云母、斜长石、石英、金红石、钛铁矿和榍石组成,石榴石变斑晶可见由浅色矿物组成的"白眼圈"。岩相学、矿物化学和相平衡模拟表明石榴角闪岩经历了一条顺时针型的P-T演化轨迹,可划分为两个阶段:(Ⅰ)升温升压的进变质阶段,由石榴石和斜长石斑晶记录,峰期矿物组合为石榴石+角闪石+黑云母+斜长石+石英+金红石+钛铁矿。运用石榴石变斑晶边部和斜长石变斑晶边部成分在视剖面图上的投点确定出峰期温压条件为~11.5kbar、790℃,达到了高压麻粒岩相条件,并经历了部分熔融,产生至少9%的熔体;(Ⅱ)降温降压的退变质阶段,由石榴石边部"白眼圈"冠状体记录。运用平均温压法计算冠状体中黑云母+斜长石+角闪石+石榴石组合的形成温压条件为~7kbar、~750℃。该阶段金红石消失,熔体结晶,并与早期矿物发生回反应。在石榴石角闪岩的锆石中获得了从29.2Ma到10.2Ma的连续变质年龄。由于锆石通常在熔体结晶过程中生长,因此确定该组年龄代表石榴石角闪岩退变质年龄。本文和以前的研究结果表明,南迦巴瓦杂岩中的高温和中温麻粒岩相亚单元具有相似的降温降压P-T轨迹,但高温单元具有较高的变质压力条件,表明其俯冲到了更大的深度。 相似文献
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华南大容山-十万大山花岗岩体中石榴石成因以及麻粒岩包体变质作用研究 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
根据石榴石不同的结构和化学特征,在大容山-十万大山岩套旧州岩体中共识别出四种不同成因类型的石榴石:岩浆型、转熔型、变质型和由于上升岩浆中溶解-再沉淀机制导致的从转熔型向岩浆型转变的过渡型石榴石.由于含不同的微域矿物组合,麻粒岩包体被分为两类.根据微区矿物组合识别,变质期次确定和变质反应分析,结合矿物化学和相平衡模拟计算,得到了两类麻粒岩包体内不同矿物组合的温压条件.麻粒岩包体源区的温压条件为800 ～ 830℃和7.2～8.0kbar,以含石榴石的矿物组合为代表,反映了源区部分熔融作用的晚期阶段.岩浆上升过程中石榴石或黑云母首先反应形成了Opx+ Crd反应边组合,温压条件为810～860℃和4.6～5.2kbar.花岗岩中岩浆型堇青石的形成也可能基本与此同期.进一步减压在850℃和3.1～3.8kbar时形成了Spl+ Crd组合.综合这些数据可以确定一条顺时针的P-T轨迹以减压为主但伴随轻微的升温,随后为一个近等压冷却过程.这是由寄主花岗质岩浆上升和侵位造成的.本研究与有效的年代学资料相结合,暗示了花岗质岩浆和麻粒岩包体是下地壳源区部分熔融的结果,形成时代为250～ 260Ma,可能受到了同期峨眉山地幔柱的热影响. 相似文献
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位于祁连地块北缘的门源-柯柯里杂岩体出露一套早古生代高级变质岩,其中长英质片麻岩的矿物组合以石榴子石+夕线石+黑云母+长石+石英为特征,变基性岩以石榴子石+单斜辉石+角闪石+斜长石+石英为特征,具有典型的高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相组合特征。岩相学观察、相平衡模拟和地质温压计估算结果显示门源地区石榴黑云斜长片麻岩和石榴角闪岩的峰期变质作用的温压条件分别为780℃、9.0kbar和790℃、8.4kbar。相平衡模拟揭示石榴黑云斜长片麻岩经历了近等压降温的逆时针P-T轨迹,可能反映了处于中地壳的岩石经历了与洋壳俯冲相关的弧岩浆岩和弧火山岩所带来大量的热所导致的高温变质及随后的等压冷却过程。锆石U-Pb定年显示门源-柯柯里地区2个高级变质岩的变质年龄和1个闪长岩的弧岩浆作用年龄分别为495±2Ma、493±3Ma和495±3Ma,表明门源-柯柯里一带共同经历了北祁连洋壳俯冲导致的500Ma左右的弧岩浆作用和变质作用。门源-柯柯里高温低压变质带和其北侧百经寺-清水沟一带出露的HP/LT变质岩组成了双变质带,并指示了北祁连洋早古生代时期的向南俯冲。 相似文献
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东南极拉斯曼丘陵斯图尔内斯半岛及邻区发育不同类型的片麻岩。本文结合岩相学、相平衡模拟以及年代学分析等方法对该地区石榴石斜方辉石片麻岩(样品LSM178-2)和石榴石夕线尖晶石片麻岩(样品LSM302-10)进行综合研究,结果显示片麻岩经历了中低压高温麻粒岩相变质作用。样品LSM178-2峰期温压条件为T=830～870℃,P=6.1～8.9kbar,后期退变至T 705℃,P=3.6～5.4kbar。石榴石夕线尖晶石片麻岩(LSM302-10)保存的峰期温压范围为T=860～1050℃,P=4.8～10.2kbar,之后退变至T=820～840℃,P=4.7～5kbar。样品LSM178-2主要矿物组合对应的变质年龄为～543±5.7Ma。样品LSM302-10中锆石暗灰色边年龄为531±5.7Ma,浅灰色边年龄为509±5.9Ma,这些变质年龄可能反映了持续较长时间的泛非期构造热事件(ca. 540～510Ma)。结合相关区域已有资料分析,拉斯曼丘陵西部斯图尔内斯半岛及邻区片麻岩记录的中低压高温麻粒岩相变质作用可能反映了造山作用后期的抬升与伸展。 相似文献
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喜马拉雅造山带核部的变质作用与部分熔融:亚东地区高压泥质麻粒岩的岩石学与年代学研究 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
喜马拉雅造山带核部的高喜马拉雅结晶岩系是印度大陆深俯冲到欧亚板块之下经历了高压变质作用的产物,记录了喜马拉雅造山带的形成与演化历史。本文对喜马拉雅造山带中段亚东地区高喜马拉雅结晶岩系中的泥质麻粒岩进行了岩石学和锆石U-Pb年代学研究,结果表明泥质麻粒岩经历了复杂的变质演化和部分熔融,可识别出三期变质矿物组合。早期进变质矿物组合为石榴石+斜长石+钾长石+黑云母+白云母+石英,峰期变质矿物组合为石榴石+斜长石+钾长石+黑云母+蓝晶石+石英,晚期退变质矿物组合为石榴石+斜长石+钾长石+夕线石+黑云母+白云母+石英。相平衡模拟表明,该泥质麻粒岩经历了高温、高压的峰期变质条件为800~835℃和12.8~14kbar,在进变质和峰期变质过程中经历了白云母和黑云母脱水熔融,所形成的熔体量至少为5%~8%。麻粒岩的晚期退变质条件为720~740℃和7.6~8.3kbar。这表明泥质麻粒岩经历了一条以高压麻粒岩相峰期变质和降温、降压退变质为特征的顺时针P-T轨迹。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,麻粒岩相变质和深熔作用发生在28.5~17.0Ma。本研究表明高喜马拉雅结晶岩系的上部构造层位经历了高压麻粒岩相变质作用,而不是以前认为的以高温、低压变质作用为特征,并为喜马拉雅造山带构造演化的研究提供了新的见解。 相似文献
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P. Pal Roy 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1995,13(2):79-92
Summary This paper substantiates, through three different case studies, that the breakage assessment of opencast bench blasting can be made scientifically through the analysis of joint set orientations of different exposed benches in association with the corresponding face direction. Joint orientations, dip and strike of bedding planes have a significant influence on rock breakage. They can have decelerating effects on blasting performance, which may be rectified by geological mapping, and subsequently modifying the blast design parameters. 相似文献
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Reproductive pentoxylalean material from the Albian Triton Point Formation, Fossil Bluff Group of Alexander Island, Antarctica is the youngest record of this group globally. Leaves are referred to Taeniopteris daintreei McCoy, ovulate reproductive organs to Carnoconites cranwelli Harris, and stem material to Pentoxylon sp. Occurring in leaf litter layers on palaeosol surfaces the sedimentology suggests that pentoxylalean plants grew upon areas of the floodplain distal to the river channel, where they covered the forest floor in a similar habit to modern brambles. The forest floor was shared with Equisetales and liverworts, an abundance of ferns [Cladophlebis Brongniart, Gleichenites Goeppert, Phyllopteroides Medwell, Sphenopteris (Brongniart) Sternberg], as well as angiosperms. Bennettitales, Ginkgoites Seward and Nilssonia Brongniart were rare within these communities, as were coniferous trees. 相似文献
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We used analyses of the strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) ratios of tooth enamel to reconstruct the migration patterns of fossil mammals collected along the Aucilla River in northern Florida. Specimens date to the late-glacial period and before the last glacial maximum (pre-LGM). Deer and tapir displayed low 87Sr/86Sr ratios that were similar to the ratios of Florida environments, which suggest that these taxa did not migrate long distance outside of the Florida region. Mastodons, mammoths, and equids all displayed a wide range of 87Sr/86Sr ratios. Some individuals in each taxon displayed low 87Sr/86Sr ratios that suggest they ranged locally, while other animals had high 87Sr/86Sr ratios that suggest they migrated long distances (> 150 km) outside of the Florida region. Mastodons were the only taxa from this region that provided enough well-dated specimens to compare changes in migration patterns over time. Pre-LGM mastodons displayed significantly lower 87Sr/86Sr ratios than late-glacial mastodons, which suggests that late-glacial mastodons from Florida migrated longer distances than their earlier counterparts. This change in movement patterns reflects temporal changes in regional vegetation patterns. 相似文献
15.
Shreerup Goswami Kamal Jeet Singh Shaila Chandra 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2006,28(4-6):218-233
Gondwana basins of Orissa State constitute a major part of the Mahanadi Master Basin. These Gondwana sediments, ranging from Asselian to Albian in age, contain remnants of three basic floral assemblages i.e. Glossopteris Assemblage, Dicroidium Assemblage and Ptilophyllum Assemblage which can be recognized through the Permian, Triassic and Early Cretaceous, respectively. The megafloral assemblages of different basins of this state are discussed briefly. This report mainly deals with the plant species diversification in different lithological formations and the development of flora in the Gondwana basins of Orissa. A number of successive megafloras are recognized. Among those, leaves are the dominant part of the preserved flora, followed by fruits and roots. No wood parts are preserved in the major basins. These pre-angiospermic floras have been systematically analyzed to depict the evolutionary trends, and palaeofloristics of these basins. The distribution of plant fossils in different formations of these basins depicts provincialism in Gondwana flora within the Orissa. 相似文献
16.
Simon F. Mitchell 《Cretaceous Research》2005,26(6):895-897
Four new specimens of Euscalpellum? coatesi Donovan and Davis-Strickland from the Maastrichtian of Jamaica are described; two of these occur in association with the right valve of the rudistid bivalve Chiapasella radiolitiformis (Trechmann). This demonstrates that E.? coatesi is not a barnacle, but rather represents an unusual preservational state of the left valve of C. radiolitiformis retaining only the cellular inner part of the shell. 相似文献
17.
云南禄丰县川街盆地中侏罗统产出弓鲛鱼类化石后甸弓鲛(Hybodus houtienensis Young)、新庄弓鲛(新种)(Hybodus xinzhuangensis Sun)、川街弓鲛(新种)(Hybodus chuanjieensis Sun)。后甸弓鲛(Hybodus houtienensis Young)是中国发现最早的弓鲛鱼类之一,正型标本为破碎的鳍棘,副型标本为一枚牙齿齿冠。依据在川街盆地相同层位发现的新化石材料,对后甸弓鲛副型标本进行了增补,补充了描述,建立了2个弓鲛新种:新庄弓鲛与川街弓鲛,丰富了"后甸弓鲛带"弓鲛类群,并讨论了弓鲛属的生物地层、生活的古环境和地理分布特征。 相似文献
18.
This contribution is a short history of the Zambian copper flower, Becium homblei (recently renamed B. centraliafricanum that has attracted attention as a plant associated with Cu-rich soils. It has a peculiar discontinuous distribution in Central Africa which has been explained in terms of biotype depletion. A field investigation into the ecology of the species shows that it is able to tolerate soil Cu concentrations of up to 15,000 μg/g (ppm), and soil nickel concentrations of nearly 5000 μg/g. B. homblei is also found on areas where soil metals are in trace quantities, and where soil bases, particularly Ca, are low. In spite of its tolerance to a wide range of edaphic conditions, the distribution of the species is very restricted in Zimbabwe, and this is almost certainly due to severe interspecific competition with a closely related species, B. obovatum, which is common on soils not unusually enriched in heavy metals. Pioneering work on geobotanical prospecting by use of Becium homblei was carried out by the late G. Woodward and others in the 1950s and 1960s. This species was used successfully for geobotanical prospecting for Cu. This present report is a brief history of these pioneering studies 相似文献
19.
Occurrence of Cordaitales from lower Gondwana sediments of Ib-River Coalfield, Orissa, India: An Indian scenario 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Kamal Jeet Singh Shreerup Goswami Shaila Chandra 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2007,29(5-6):666-684
The Ib-River Coalfield in Orissa State is a part of Mahanadi Master Basin. Recent extensive investigations were conducted in this Coalfield to locate fossiliferous beds in the Lower Gondwana deposits and as a result a large cache of plant fossils were recovered from Lower Permian sediments (Barakar Formation) exposed in Jurabaga and Lajkura Collieries. The complete flora includes 23 genera representing nine orders viz., Lycopodiales, Equisetales, Sphenophyllales, Filicales, Cordaitales, Coniferales, Ginkgoales, Cycadales and Glossopteridales. Only the Cordaitales, represented by four genera i.e., Noeggerathiopsis, Cordaites, Euryphyllum and Kawizophyllum are discussed in this paper. Cordaitalean leaves are described for the first time from this coalfield; the remaining plant groups will be considered in a subsequent publication. Cordaitalean leaves attributable to Noeggerathiopsis hislopii, Noeggerathiopsis minor, Euryphyllum whittianum, Euryphyllum maithyi, Kawizophyllum dunpathriensis and Cordaites sp. constitute about 13.90% (111 specimens) of the total plant assemblage collected from this Coalfield. Of the cordaitaleans, N. hislopii is most abundant (47.75%; 53 specimens) followed by E. whittianum (40.54%; 45 specimens). A summary of the distribution of Cordaitales throughout the Indian Gondwana is also presented. Floristic composition varies stratigraphically at the two Barakar exposures (Lajkura and Jurabaga Collieries). Cordaitales are preserved only in the lowermost (4th) horizon (lower floral zone). Strata in these collieries have been assigned to the lower and upper Barakar Formation based on floristic content and an Early Permian (Artinskian) age is assigned. 相似文献
20.
The diagnoses of the conchostracan genera Cratostracus and Porostracus are revised following a re-examination of their type species under a scanning electron microscope. In Cratostracus each growth line has a serrated lower margin. Radial lirae branch into smaller ridges that merge with each other to give the upper part of each growth band in the ventral region of the carapace a slightly undulating surface. Cross-bars are present between these lirae. In Porostracus the radial lirae on the growth bands near the umbo are long and relatively widely spaced. There is a fine reticulum between them in the umbonal part of the carapace and cross-bars on the ventral surface. The ornament of Porostracus indicates that it can be assigned to the family Halysestheriidae rather than to the Afrograptidae, in which it has been placed previously. Morphological analysis of most of the species of the two genera and closely related Orthestheria (Migransia) under the scanning electron microscope is required before their stratigraphic potential can be fully realized. 相似文献