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1.
河西内陆河流域的水循环分析   总被引:23,自引:1,他引:23       下载免费PDF全文
通过对我国西北内陆区水循环分析,剖析了河西内陆河流域的水循环特点,即在山区形成水资源、在平原散失水资源和在人工绿洲区产生二元结构;揭示了流域内的水资源以水循环为纽带,相互转化并互相联系;并对山区消耗水量,走廊、盆地、人工绿洲建设引起的地表水与地下水转化的变化和消耗水量的增加,以及内陆河下游水分亏缺问题作了分析评价;并提出了要传递流域水循环整体概念、评价山区与平原绿洲之间的局地水循环、实现在西部开发中实施内陆河流域综合治理的良性循环等问题的讨论。  相似文献   

2.
甘肃河西地区内陆河流域荒漠化的水资源问题   总被引:24,自引:1,他引:24  
河西地区内陆河流域荒漠化的水资源问题, 根本的原因在于水资源短缺而导致的生态环境脆弱和水资源的过度开发利用. 如果上、中游地区水资源的利用超过了水资源量的限度, 则流到下游的径流量减沙, 地下水位下降; 而下游地区为了弥补水资源的不足, 便大量开采地下水, 致使地下水严重超采, 从而导致植被退化和荒漠化. 在分析上述问题的基础上, 以石羊河为例, 说明内陆河流域的荒漠化防治要求实行以农业节水为中心, 建立节水型社会的流域综合治理, 实现水资源、土地资源、经济、社会和生态环境协调和可持续发展.  相似文献   

3.
陈文 《地下水》2009,31(6):71-73
河西内陆河流域水资源短缺、水污染和生态环境恶化已成为经济社会可持续发展的重要制约因素。通过分析研究河西内陆河流域水资源现状、水资源特点、水资源需求变化过程以及社会经济发展对水资源的需求,提出实现水资源可持续利用的措施和对策,为河西地区经济社会可持续发展提供水资源保障。  相似文献   

4.
西北内陆河流域水资源特点初析   总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
依据西北各省 (自治区)的有关资料,对西北内陆河流域的水资源特点进行了综合分析,提出了西北内陆河流域水资源的四大特点:①内陆河流域径流主要形成于山区,散失于山前平原盆地,径流的补给源主要是降水、冰雪与地下水;②冰雪资源对内陆河地表水资源有较大的调节作用;③降水、地表水与地下水转化关系特征明显;④内陆河区水平衡状态,易受人类活动影响等。  相似文献   

5.
河西内陆河地表水与地下水转化及水资源利用率研究   总被引:16,自引:8,他引:16  
河西内陆河水资源产生于祁连山区 ,河流出山以后依次穿越山前洪积扇、走廊南部盆地、北部盆地 ,最后进入尾闾湖 .由于山前洪积扇、南北盆地及河床具有良好的通透性和巨大的蓄水能力使地表水易于转化为地下水 ,出山水量的很大一部分渗入地下避免无效蒸散损耗 ;同时由于特殊的串珠状水文地质盆地构造 ,水资源具有同源性和多次转化特点 ,使水资源的利用率大大提高 .研究表明 ,1999年河西水资源总量为 6 3 79× 10 8m3 ,其中 ,地表水资源量为 5 8 36× 10 8m3 ,地下水资源量为 5 6 39× 10 5m3 ,地表水与地下水重复计算量高达 5 0 96× 10 5m3 .三个流域水资源利用率达到 6 1 4%~ 2 11%  相似文献   

6.
西北内陆河流域的水资源利用及生态环境保护   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
陈汉 《中国地质》2001,28(3):29-31
内陆河流域是我国西北最具有发展潜力的地区之一,水资源及脆弱的生态环境是制约这一地区社会经济发展的最重要因素,本文在分析西北内陆河流域水资源状况及面临的主要问题的基础上,提出了解决水资源供需矛盾,实现水资源合理利用及加强生态环境保护建设的对策建议。  相似文献   

7.
祁连山与河西内陆河流域绿洲的大气水循环特征研究   总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10  
祁连山和河西走廊地区为西风带、青藏高原季风、东南季风三个大气环流系统的耦合区,其内陆河流域的大气水循环特征受大气环流影响比较显著.根据已公布文献提供的资料,分析了祁连山区年平均降水与海拔和大气环流影响系统之间的关系,研究了祁连山发育的内陆河流域的绿洲水平空间尺度的分布特征,探讨了海拔和绿洲植被密集度对绿洲地表蒸发力的影响,揭示了绿洲单位面积耗水量与绿洲灌溉率之间的关系.最后,讨论了内陆河流域绿洲的特点以及开发和保护的思路.  相似文献   

8.
干旱区内陆河流域的脆弱生态环境是在长期的演变过程中形成的。人类对自然资源,特别是水资源的不合理利用,加剧了脆弱生态环境的演变过程,影响了干旱区的生态安全。从国内外脆弱生态环境研究进展状况以及以塔里木河流域为典型代表的干旱区内陆河流域自然地理特征分析中,揭示了脆弱生态环境的特征及演变规律。近一个世纪以来,人们针对内陆河流域的人与环境问题、水资源问题(包括水文地质、水资源变化特征、水环境变化特征)、气候以及自然地理学领域做了大量的研究工作。随着国家西部发展战略的逐步实施,干旱区内陆河流域将成为西部地区重要的资源开发与经济发展潜力巨大的地区。  相似文献   

9.
高前兆  钱鞠  高雅玉  王鹏  张钰 《水文》2011,31(1):59-65,80
通过对我国西北内陆河流域的生态系统、水循环、水资源形成与消耗的特点,生态环境的变化以及水环境保护等问题分析,论述了开展内陆河流域综合治理的必要性和紧迫性。结合近期典型流域治理恢复成效,提出内陆河流域综合整治的第二步生态恢复目标。根据内陆河流域的治理实践,参照干旱区供水集水和保水技术,总结了改善下游绿洲水分生态平衡、控制中上游用水与保护河道水环境,防治河道水质盐化与农田排水再利用等生态恢复与重建的技术。最后,为了实现流域生态环境良性循环和水环境质量整体改善,提出了现阶段要加强水环境监测保护和生态补偿建设的任务。  相似文献   

10.
过去20多年甘肃河西走廊内陆河流域的水资源管理经历了各类制度改革,不同程度地推动了地表水和地下水的联合管理。但是,由于机构设置及其权限制约以及改革目标差异,河西走廊地区的3个内陆河流域水资源管理效率差异化越来越显著,与石羊河流域相比,黑河和疏勒河流域的监管制度和管理办法并未完全跳出多头管理体制的窠臼,地表水和地下水没有形成有效的联合管理。通过梳理3个流域的水资源管理机构设置和管理模式,总结农业灌溉用水监管的经验教训,对比分析地表水和地下水联合管理措施在实践操作中的利弊,进一步探讨流域联合管理的实践意义和实现路径,寻求普遍适用于内陆河流域水资源的管理办法,保障内陆河流域节水战略的顺利实施。近10 a的实践经验表明:地表水和地下水联合管理是内陆河流域提高水资源利用效率、促进水资源可持续利用最为有效的路径,更是实现区域生态环境绿色发展的必由之路。  相似文献   

11.
内陆河流域水文过程研究的一些科学问题   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
水科学研究的发展,对水文科学提出了新的挑战,即如何在流域、区域和全球尺度进行学科交叉、综合集成和协同研究,从而更全面地认识水在地球资源和环境变化中的作用,认识水圈及其与大气圈、岩石圈和生物圈的相互作用。为了解内陆河流域水文循环和水量平衡各分量之间的变化和转化关系及其与生态和环境之间的相互作用,以及对全球变化和人类活动的响应和反馈,基于内陆河流域上游山区径流形成区、中游人工绿洲水资源开发利用区和下游荒漠绿洲径流散失区的流域水文循环特征,从能水通量、生态和生物地球化学过程讨论了山区水文过程;从生态水文、尺度转换、阈值和反馈讨论了水文和植被的相互作用;从国外提出的关键作用带的概念讨论了内陆河流域地下水—土壤—植被作用层的水文过程。提出了开展内陆河流域水文过程观测和研究的基本框架。  相似文献   

12.
The challenge is put forward to scientific hydrology by the advancement of water sciences; that is, how should we carry out a multidisciplinary, integrated and cooperative research on hydrological processes in the basin, regional and global scales, in order to better understand the role water plays in the changes of the natural resources and environment of the earth, and to understand the hydrosphere and its interactions with the atmosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. How the changes and transformation of the components of the water cycle and water balance occur in an inland river basin has yet to be understood. We also need to understand what the interactions of water cycle, ecosystems and environment are, and what the responses and feedback of the changes to global change and to human activities are. The water cycle in an inland river basin characterizes the runoff generation region of the mountains upstream, the artificial oases region of water resources exploitation and utilization midstream and the natural desert oases region of runoff dissipating downstream. The mountain hydrological processes are discussed from water cycle, energy balance, water balance and ecological processes. The interactions of water and vegetation are discussed in relation to ecohydrology, and the hydrological processes in the ground water-soil-vegetation layer are discussed from the concept of the critical zone newly put forward abroad. The basic frame is put forward to carry out the field measurement, experiment and studies of hydrological processes in a typical inland river basin. __________ Translated from Advances in Earth Science, 2007, 22(9): 940–953 [译自: 地球科学进展]  相似文献   

13.
 Water resources in the arid zones of northwest China mainly come from mountain areas and then flow to and disappear in the piedmont plains. These water resources, with inland river basins as the geographic unit, form relatively independent ecosystems and the surface runoff flowing out of the mountain mouth becomes the only water source available for the middle and lower reaches of these basins. Both the ecosystem stability and sustainable development depend on the surface water and groundwater resources of these inland river basins. Over the last 50 years, exploitation of water and land resources in the arid northwest regions of China has been expanding, forming 390.07×104 ha of irrigation oases, with construction of 622 reservoirs of different sizes with a total storage capacity of 65.5×108 m3 ensuring the sustainable development of industrial and agricultural production. In the meantime it has also caused a series of environmental changes. Discharge of the majority of rivers has been drastically reduced (even dried up), river courses have been shortened, and terminal lakes contracted or dried up. Land desertification and soil salinization has developed rapidly. Vegetation is degrading and biodiversity is decreasing, as compared with the early 1950s; the natural grassland area is decreasing by 16–75.4%. Economical and high-effective use of water resources and harmonization of eco-environment benefits with economic benefits are the fundamental ways to achieve sustainable development of arid northwest China. Received: 20 January 1999 · Accepted: 4 May 1999  相似文献   

14.
刘恒  钟华平  顾颖 《水科学进展》2001,12(3):378-384
水资源的开发利用对我国西北干旱内陆河区的生态环境具有重要的影响,天然植物的生 长与种群随地下水位和阵水的变化而演变。由于良好的绿洲生态系统是实现于旱内陆河区社会。 经济和环境可持续发展的基本前提,在西部大开发中,必须综合考虑水资源开发利用与绿洲生 态环境保护问题,本文以民勤盆地为例,研究典型干旱内陆河区水资源利用、农业灌溉与绿洲 演变的转化关系和基本规律。  相似文献   

15.
Water resources use is a key parameter in the hydrological cycle, especially in arid inland of Northwest China, groundwater movement and circulation processes are closely related to the surface water, while recoverable and renewable groundwater mainly comes from the conversion of surface river water, and there is extensive transfer among rainfall, surface water and groundwater. Human activity, in particular, large-scale water resources exploitation and development associated with dramatic population growth in the last decades, has led to tremendous changes in the water regime. There are misuse and wastage of surface water with traditional multi-channel irrigation for most rivers, which in turn leads to over-exploitation of groundwater to augment supplies. This situation has been exacerbated by rapid population growth and socio-economic development, with decreased irrigational systems return to groundwater due to the irrigation system in the middle reaches of rivers in the Hexi region becoming better. The investigations of this study revealed that over the last decades, man-made oases have developed rapidly in various inland river basins. With the increasing human demand for water, the contradiction between water demand and water supply is becoming increasingly acute and the amount of groundwater usage significantly increased. Notwithstanding the annual surface water from mountains is relatively stable in the Hexi region, the recharges of groundwater have been reduced by 11.1%, with a maximum reduction of 50% in the Shiyang River basin. Groundwater abstraction increased by approximately six times, particularly in the Shiyang River basin, groundwater abstraction exceeds recharge by 4.1×108 m3 year−1 in recent decades. Consequently, the groundwater level has declined widely by 3–16 m, with a maximum decline of 45 m in several groundwater observation wells in the Minqin basin on the lower reaches of the Shiyang River basin. These cause serious human activity-induced environmental problems, such as water-quality deterioration, vegetation degradation, soil salinization and land desert desertification, etc. It is suggested that modernized irrigation technology and new regulation to cover water resources management and allocation with the river basins are urgently needed to achieve a sustainable development. The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of the development of water resources on the environment in arid inland river basins in Northwestern China, which were analyzed by comparing the three main river basins (i.e., the Shuilei, the Heihe and the Shiyang River basins) with different water resources development cases.  相似文献   

16.
甘肃半干旱区天然降水是主要的水资源,而干旱区的水资源来自于南部祁连山以及阿尔金山的山区降水和冰雪融水.甘肃半干旱区在小麦生长需水关键期的5~6月,降水量离差系数大,农业生产易遭旱灾.河西干旱区出山径流较稳定,为灌溉农业的稳定提供了基础.甘肃半干旱地区的水资源持续开发利用应主要拦蓄大气降水,配合开发地下水,并合理规划利用地表水,其中雨水集流工程和旱作节水农业技术的推广政策和措施是关键.干旱区的水资源持续开发利用主要应通过水价调整来引导建立节水型经济结构和推广节水技术,政策支持重点领域是水资源的合理配置并完善绿洲资源保护与水源涵养林保护的法规体系  相似文献   

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