共查询到16条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
填埋场中垃圾降解作用产生的热量在黏土衬垫中的运移会形成温度场,温度场会对污染物的运移产生影响。文章在多孔介质热力学理论和污染物运移理论相结合的基础上,主要考虑温度场对污染物扩散的影响,建立了非等温条件下有机污染物在黏土衬垫中的一维扩散模型,并采用分离变量法得到了模型的解析解。基于文中模型,对比了非等温条件和等温条件下有机污染物在黏土衬垫中的运移。非等温条件的黏土衬垫底部浓度比等温条件下的浓度大,非等温模型比等温模型更偏于安全。解析解可为实验数据的拟合及分析、衬垫的设计提供参考。进一步的参数分析表明:增大阻滞因子Rd和黏土厚度L可以减小黏土衬垫底部由温度梯度引起的有机污染物浓度。 相似文献
2.
非等温条件下有机污染物在黏土衬垫中的扩散分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《水文地质工程地质》2014,(3)
填埋场中垃圾降解作用产生的热量在黏土衬垫中的运移会形成温度场,温度场会对污染物的运移产生影响。文章在多孔介质热力学理论和污染物运移理论相结合的基础上,主要考虑温度场对污染物扩散的影响,建立了非等温条件下有机污染物在黏土衬垫中的一维扩散模型,并采用分离变量法得到了模型的解析解。基于文中模型,对比了非等温条件和等温条件下有机污染物在黏土衬垫中的运移。非等温条件的黏土衬垫底部浓度比等温条件下的浓度大,非等温模型比等温模型更偏于安全。解析解可为实验数据的拟合及分析、衬垫的设计提供参考。进一步的参数分析表明:增大阻滞因子Rd和黏土厚度L可以减小黏土衬垫底部由温度梯度引起的有机污染物浓度。 相似文献
3.
有机污染物在完好复合衬垫中的迁移分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在复合衬垫中,有机污染物除了在土工膜缺陷处发生迁移外,在完好土工膜中的迁移也是主要方式。考虑有机污染物在土工膜边界处的浓度跳跃现象,建立了有机污染物在完好复合衬垫中迁移的一维模型,得到了解析解。通过与有限差分解的比较,验证了解答的合理性。应用该解答分析了GCL复合衬垫和CCL复合衬垫防止有机污染物渗漏的效果。结果表明,CCL复合衬垫的效果较好,可以通过黏土改性和增加黏土厚度的方法来提高其有效性。有机污染物类型的选择对GCL复合衬垫的分析结果影响较大,而阻滞系数的变化对分析结果影响较小。 相似文献
4.
有机污染物在垃圾填埋场复合衬垫中有两种不同的运移方式:土工膜上缺陷处污染物的运移和完好复合衬垫中污染物的扩散。文章分别用有限差分法和解析法对两种方式下污染物的累积量进行计算,分析了两种方式对有机污染物运移所做的贡献。研究表明:GCL(人工合成材料粘土衬垫)复合衬垫以有机污染物在完好复合衬垫中的扩散为主,可以忽略缺陷处污染物的运移;而CCL(压实黏土衬垫)复合衬垫中两种运移方式所做的贡献在同一数量级,需要考虑两种方式的共同作用。在GCL复合衬垫下铺设粘土层能有效改善GCL复合衬垫对有机污染物的阻止效果。 相似文献
5.
针对非等温分布条件下由土工膜(geomembrane,简称GMB)+土工复合膨润土衬垫(geosynthetic clay liner,简称GCL)+压实黏土衬垫(compacted clay liner,简称CCL)组成的3层复合衬垫中有机污染物一维瞬态运移问题,考虑了对流、扩散、机械弥散、吸附、降解和热扩散等因素,建立了相应的数学模型。该模型可考虑扩散系数和渗透系数等参数随温度变化。利用有限差分法,获得了该模型的数值解。通过将所建模型计算结果分别与试验结果、已有解析模型计算结果和COMSOL软件计算结果进行对比,验证了所建模型的正确性。基于所定义的击穿时间tb,以甲苯作为代表性有机污染物分析和讨论了不同因素对运移行为的影响。结果表明：(1)非等温分布条件会使渗透系数、扩散系数和线性吸附系数等参数发生变化,其中渗透系数和扩散系数的变化会加快运移过程,尤其是扩散系数,而线性吸附系数的变化会减慢运移速率;(2)复合衬垫上部和底部温度差ΔT的增大会使击穿时间tb减小,底部运移通量Jb增大;当ΔT为0、10、20、30、40 ... 相似文献
6.
为评估土工膜与土-膨润土组成的复合隔离墙对有机污染物的防污性能,建立了污染物在源区域发生降解扩散时透过复合隔离墙的一维瞬态扩散模型。通过拉普拉斯变换和Talbot数值反演获得了模型解。第3类入流边界条件下,考虑源区的扩散和降解时,第1类隔离墙(土工膜/土-膨润土)和第2类隔离墙(土-膨润土/土工膜/土-膨润土)100 a的击穿浓度分别较源浓度恒定时减少了59%和53%。由于假设土工膜渗透系数高于10–12 m/s,污染物在复合隔离墙中的对流作用不能忽略,因此,采用第2类复合隔离墙使土-膨润土能更好地发挥主导隔离作用。将土工膜的渗透系数从10–10 m/s减少到10–16 m/s,第1类复合隔离墙的击穿时间从26 a增加到188 a,第2类复合隔离墙的击穿时间从32 a增加到81 a。利用抽水井调整墙体内外为负水头差及提高源区的污染物降解能力,可使隔离墙的防污性能得到较大提升。 相似文献
7.
有机污染物在复合衬垫中的运移以扩散方式为主。目前关于运移参数不确定性及其对衬垫性能影响的研究还不多,复合衬垫厚度的设计也没有考虑不确定性的影响。总结了运移参数已有的成果,采用蒙特卡罗法研究了半无限条件下运移参数的变异性对衬垫底部污染物质量浓度和通量的影响,并对衬垫厚度进行了设计。研究表明:土工膜中有机污染物的分配系数和扩散系数的变异性对质量浓度和通量的影响可以忽略,而土中有机污染物的扩散系数和阻滞系数的变异性对其影响则非常显著。确定性方法计算的结果偏于危险,有必要加强对土中有机污染物的扩散系数和阻滞系数概率特性的研究。以甲苯为例进行黏土衬垫厚度设计,结果表明:概率计算方法得到的黏土衬垫厚度约为确定性方法的1.71~1.81倍,采用概率方法进行衬垫设计更合理。 相似文献
8.
9.
考虑土体固结变形的污染物运移模型 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
土体的固结压缩变形对污染物的运移具有重要的影响,而目前国内关于污染物在变形多孔介质中运移规律的研究尚处于空白,在国外也是近几年才有人开始这方面的研究工作。在Biot固结理论和污染物运移理论相结合的基础上,提出了污染物在黏土防渗层中迁移转化的一维数学模型,该模型的最大特点是考虑了土体受力变形对污染物运移的影响,在合理简化的基础上给出了模型的解析解,并将计算结果与太湖疏浚污染底泥堆场的实测结果进行了比较分析,模拟计算的结果在一定程度上能够反映实际土层中污染物的运移情况。 相似文献
10.
土工合成材料粘土衬垫(GCL)与土工膜(GM)形成的复合衬垫在垃圾填埋场中的应用日益广泛。我国规范中允许在特殊情况下用GCL代替压实粘土(CCL)做垃圾填埋场的衬垫,但是对于“特殊情况”没有明确说明。本文采用数值方法对复合衬垫中无机污染物的对流和扩散进行了计算,从衬垫底部污染物通量和累积量两个角度对GCL复合衬垫和CCL复合衬垫阻滞污染物运移的效果进行了比较,分析两种复合衬垫的等效性,并研究了GCL复合衬垫的适用范围。结果表明,当渗滤液水头较高时,GCL复合衬垫体现出其优势。 相似文献
11.
Performance-based design of landfill liners 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Factors affecting chemical transport in geomembrane, clay and composite liners are reviewed, and a simplified performance-based method for evaluating landfill bottom liners is presented. For single geomembrane liners, mass transport of inorganic chemicals is calculated from the leakage rate from holes for an assumed frequency of hole occurrence. Transport of organic chemicals is obtained by accounting for molecular diffusion through the intact geomembrane. Migration of inorganic and organic chemicals in compacted clay liners is calculated using a solution of the 1D advection–dispersion-reaction equation. For composite liners consisting of a geomembrane and a clay liner, 3D flow and transport of inorganic chemicals is approximated using an equivalent 1D model for transport through an effective area of transport. The approximation is based on results from 3D analyses that have been conducted for a variety of cases. Migration of organic chemicals through composite liners is calculated using a 1D diffusion model. Applicability of the method is illustrated by using it to evaluate the relative performance of several different liner systems. 相似文献
12.
An analytical solution for one-dimensional contaminant diffusion through multi-layered media is derived regarding the change
of the concentration of contaminants at the top boundary with time. The model accounts for the arbitrary initial conditions
and the conditions of zero concentration and zero mass flux on the bottom boundary. The average degree of diffusion of the
layered system is introduced on the basis of the solution. The results obtained by the presented analytical solutions agree
well with those obtained by the numerical methods presented in the literature papers. The application of the analytical solution
to the problem of landfill liner design is illustrated by considering a composite liner consisting of geomembrane and compacted
clay liner. The results show that the 100-year mass flux of benzene at the bottom of the composite liner is 45 times higher
than that of acetone for the same composite liner. The half-life of the contaminant has a great influence on the solute flux
of benzene diffused into the underlying aquifer. Results also indicates that an additional 2.9–5.0 m of the conventional (untreated)
compacted clay liner under the geomembrane is required to achieve the same level of protection as provided by 0.60 m of the
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA)-treated compacted clay liners in conjunction with the geomembrane. Applications of the
solution are also presented in the context of a contaminated two-layered media to demonstrate that different boundary and
initial conditions can greatly affect the decontamination rate of the problem. The method is relatively simple to apply and
can be used for performing equivalency analysis of landfill liners, preliminary design of groundwater remediation system,
evaluating experimental results, and verifying more complex numerical models. 相似文献
13.
This paper gathered available flow and transport solutions and used them for two composite liners, consisting of geomembrane
(GM) overlying either a compacted clay liner (CCL) or a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL). Its aim is to provide a guiding framework
for the possible choices of (a) approaches to bottom liner design, (b) respective analytical solutions to flow and transport
equations, as well as (c) parameters required for each type of solution. On the basis of the obtained results, the following
recommendations are made. When the goal of analysis is to determine material equivalency, leachate flow rate is an adequate
key parameter for GM-CCL composite liners. For GM-GCL composite liners, it is necessary to compute contaminant concentration
or mass flux, considering (a) transport through defects for inorganic contaminants and (b) diffusion and the contribution
of any available attenuation layer for organic contaminants. When the goal of analysis is to assess impact to groundwater,
it is advised to calculate both discharge rate and contaminant mass flux regardless of liner type. The critical parameter
for the transport calculations is the retardation factor of the contaminant, for the case of CCLs, while the results for GCLs
are much less sensitive to this parameter. 相似文献
14.
Acta Geotechnica - This paper presents analytical solutions for predicting one-dimensional diffusion of an organic contaminant through a triple-layer composite liner system comprising a geomembrane... 相似文献
15.
Abbas El‐Zein 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2008,32(3):265-287
Finite‐element models of contaminant transport through composite landfill liners require highly refined meshes around the interface between the geomembrane and the clay layer, especially if leakage through holes in the geomembrane is considered. In addition, no general formulation for transport through leaking geomembranes can be found in the literature. The paper develops a general approach to time‐dependent contaminant migration through composite liners with intact or leaking geomembranes. Equations are derived for various combinations of system conditions including Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions in the waste, constant mass of contaminants in the waste, steady state or transient transport in the geomembrane, and steady state or transient seepage velocities in the mineral liner. The effect of the geomembrane on transport in the soil is converted into an equivalent boundary condition applicable at the top of the clay layer. Hence, only the media underlying the top geomembrane are explicitly represented in the numerical model, yielding a computationally efficient algorithm. The new formulation is validated in conjunction with finite‐layer, finite‐element and boundary‐element methods, by comparing its predictions to those of more conventional approaches which represent the geomembrane explicitly. The scope of the method is illustrated by modelling a landfill liner with a geomembrane leaking in five locations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
The migration of contaminants through a 2.9 m thick compacted clay liner (CCL) for a landfill leachate lagoon is examined 14 years after construction. The clay liner formed the lower portion of the composite liner system but the geomembrane (GM) was found to have defects that had allowed leachate to migrate between the GM and CCL. Chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium pore water profiles through the CCL are examined. It is shown that chloride migrated approximately 1.7 m into the CCL during the 14 years of the lagoon operation, sodium approximately 1.2 m, and potassium 0.7 m. Diffusion and sorption data from laboratory diffusion testing are utilized in combination with a finite layer contaminant transport model to predict field contaminant migration profiles through the composite liner system and to establish the time of ‘failure’ of the geomembrane at sometime between 0 and 6 years after installation. Relatively high sorptive uptake of potassium by the CCL soil is observed from batch testing and diffusion testing with field data suggesting an even larger amount of sorption. It is hypothesized that organic sludge matter at the base of the lagoon is responsible for potassium uptake from the leachate. This field case highlights the importance of the compacted clay liner as part of the composite liner system in acting as a diffusion barrier during the lifetime of the lagoon as well as using relatively non-conservative contaminants such as chloride and sodium to estimate geomembrane ‘failure’ times 相似文献