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1.
湿地芦苇对有毒重金属元素的抗性及吸收和累积   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
通过对大冶市铜绿山铜矿区人工湿地中芦苇的野外调查和Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr 5种有毒重金属元素的测试分析发现,该区芦苇对有毒重金属元素具有良好的抗性.同时,该湿地芦苇对5种重金属元素的吸收和累积表现出两种不同的模式:①芦苇植物体内Zn、Cu、Cd质量分数及分配百分比表现为根>叶>茎,且根组织中Zn、Cu、Cd的质量分数及分配百分比远远高于其他组织(茎、叶),而叶组织中略高于茎组织;②芦苇体内Pb和Cr质量分数及分配百分比表现为根>茎>叶,根、茎、叶组织中的质量分数及分配百分比均较高且基本相当,差异不明显.生物富集系数的计算结果显示,芦苇不同组织(根、茎、叶)对有毒重金属元素的生物富集能力存在较大差异,根组织的生物富集能力最大,且容易富集Pb和Cd;而茎、叶组织的生物富集能力较低,易富集Pb.  相似文献   

2.
洞庭湖沉积物重金属环境地球化学   总被引:45,自引:0,他引:45  
姚志刚  鲍征宇  高璞 《地球化学》2006,35(6):629-638
对洞庭湖沉积物样进行了Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Ni、As和Hg等8种元素含量分析.结果显示,洞庭湖沉积物中重金属污染物主要是Cd和Hg,其次是Pb、Zn、As和Cu;Cd平均含量达到2.7mg/kg,是国家土壤环境质量三级标准(1.0mg/kg)的近3倍;Cu、Pb、Zn、As和Hg平均含量分别为51.3mg/kg、52.8mg/kg、140mg/kg、22.5mg/kg和0.22mg/kg,均超过国家土壤环境质量一级标准.运用地累积指数法对其污染程度进行了评价,认为重金属污染最严重的湖区是东洞庭湖的鹿角至城陵矶湖区(段),污染物可能主要来源于湘江流域;各子湖区(段)重金属综合污染状况评价结果是:东洞庭湖>大通湖>横岭湖>万子湖>西洞庭湖>采桑湖.入湖各河口区沉积物重金属含量与历史资料的对比表明,8种重金属含量均有较高程度的富集,反映近年来洞庭湖流域内重金属污染有增加的趋势.  相似文献   

3.
本文测定了黔西北土法炼锌引起的重金属严重污染地区的自然植被及其根部土壤的重金属.土壤重金属形态用连续提取法区分为有效态和强结合态,结果发现植物体内的重金属含量与土壤中有效态的重金属含量成正比.所分析的4种植物体内的Pb、Zn、Cd含量为Zn>Pb>Cd.接骨草(Sambucus Chinensis)和柳叶苦荬菜(Ixeris gracilis)富集、运输重金属元素的能力很强,是对污染区生态重建颇有前景的植物.  相似文献   

4.
戴超  刘强  胡建 《江苏地质》2023,47(3):305-313
为研究田间环境下东南景天对Cd轻度污染农田修复方法的实用性,在江苏某地开展了东南景天、油菜及黑麦草3种植物修复对比试验。结果表明:经过1季的田间修复,东南景天田块土壤Cd全量由0.41 mg/kg降至0.35 mg/kg,平均去除率为14.63%,有效Cd含量从0.22 mg/kg降至0.17 mg/kg,土壤中的Cd活化率从53.66%降至48.00%;油菜和黑麦草田块Cd全量和有效Cd含量的下降并不显著;东南景天、油菜及黑麦草对土壤Cd的吸收量分别为12.62、0.32、0.82 mg/m2,其中地上部分吸收量分别为7.74、0.20、0.51 mg/m2,吸收量东南景天>>黑麦草>油菜;东南景天Cd的生物富集系数(BCF)在根部为222,杆部为152,对土壤Cd具有超积累作用,而油菜与黑麦草仅在根部出现富集;转运系数(SAR)为油菜>黑麦草>东南景天,但均<1,表明3种植物对Cd的吸收主要集中于地下部位。经1季田间修复试验,东南景天对土壤Cd的吸收率为1105%,具有一定的修复效果,但修复至绝对安全值(<0.3 mg/kg)至少需4~5 年;油菜和黑麦草对Cd的吸收率均不足1%,修复至绝对安全值分别约需115、60 年。  相似文献   

5.
基于前期调查,采集水稻籽实样品共50件,在选定的3处地块采集9组土壤和水稻组合样品,每组样品包括根系土、水稻根系、水稻茎和籽实,分析其各部位的重金属元素含量,探究重金属元素在植物不同部位的迁移与富集机理。研究区水稻不同部位的元素富集规律为根系富集系数F(As)>F(Cu)>F(Cd)>F(Zn)≈F(Hg)>F(Cr)≈F(Ni)≈F(Pb),茎部富集系数F(Hg)>F(Zn)≈F(Cu)>F(Cd)>F(As)>F(Cr)>F(Ni)>F(Pb),籽实富集系数F(Zn)>F(Cu)>F(Cd)>F(Ni)>F(As)≈F(Cr)>F(Pb),水稻植株内重金属元素含量分布规律为根系>>茎>籽实。重金属元素在该系统中的迁移系数和迁移模式可分为4类。研究结果对土壤环境修复与合理利用等有一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

6.
栽种柳树修复镉污染土壤的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
廖启林  刘聪  华明  等 《江苏地质》2015,39(4):665-672
针对苏南地区土壤重金属污染现状,选取苏柳795、172两个品种柳树对苏锡常地区典型镉污染土壤进行植物修复去除重金属试验的盆栽和野外研究。盆栽试验结果显示,苏柳795一年可使污染土壤中Cd的质量分数平均降低16.3%,苏柳172一年使污染土壤中Cd的质量分数平均下降17.2%,柳树中各部分吸收土壤Cd的能力排序为:树根>树皮>树叶>树枝>树木。野外栽种苏柳795、苏柳172一年后的结果显示,种植柳树的土壤Cd含量较未种植柳树的空白土壤低约12%,其中柳树叶中Cd的生物富集系数BCF值高达10以上,比盆栽试验得到的柳树叶吸收土壤Cd的BCF值高出1倍以上。综合分析与测算后认为栽种苏柳795、苏柳172每年可提取土壤中Cd的总量大于12%,同时还能提取一定量的Zn,对原位修复我国南方农田土壤的镉污染具有广阔的应用前景  相似文献   

7.
采用原子荧光光谱法和等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对鄂东南铁山地区主要河流流经区土壤、植物中重金属元素质量分数及其富集特征的研究表明,研究区西港河流域下游局部地段形成Cu、Zn、Ni、Cd、As重金属元素的土壤污染,东港河流域下游局部地段形成Cd、Cu、As、Pb、Zn重金属元素的土壤污染,植物中已经形成Cd、Zn元素的超量富集.其中土壤中重金属元素的富集主要与冶炼厂废水和尾矿坝渗漏水有关,而植物中重金属元素的富集则受土壤中重金属元素质量分数和植物吸收性能的双重控制.  相似文献   

8.
根细胞壁是植物吸收、转运镉(Cd)的第一道屏障。为了揭示烟草根细胞壁中Cd的亚细胞分布与结合形态对烟草茎叶Cd吸收、转运的影响机理,文中研究了12种不同烟草根、茎、叶对Cd的富集、转运特征,利用活体细胞分离技术分析了根细胞壁中Cd的亚细胞分布及结合形态,在此基础上对根细胞壁Cd的亚细胞分布与烟草Cd吸收、转运的关系进行了研究。结果表明不同烟草根、叶对土壤中Cd的富集系数间存在显著差异(P<0.05):根中Cd含量为3.13~7.10 mg/kg,最大相差2.27倍;烟叶中Cd含量为3.29~9.93 mg/kg,最大相差3.0倍;根叶转运系数为0.50~3.17,最大相差6.34倍。烟草根部Cd主要以醋酸浸提态(FHAC)为主。不同细胞壁组分中Cd含量测定发现,去果胶后细胞壁(CW-P)中Cd含量显著增加,而去半纤维素后细胞壁中Cd含量显著降低。去果胶后细胞壁中Cd含量与根叶中Cd的转运系数呈显著的负相关,转运系数最低的K346中,CW-P中Cd含量最高,说明半纤维素是烟草根细胞壁蓄积Cd的主要场所,烟草根细胞壁中半纤维素对Cd的束缚降低了Cd通过长距离向地上部分的转运。  相似文献   

9.
为了解桂林市灵川县有机水稻种植区土壤和水稻中重金属含量、分布特征及健康风险,选择典型田块采集了水稻根、茎、叶、稻穗及对应根系土样品10套,分别测定了土壤和植物样品中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn共8种重金属元素含量以及土壤pH值,计算了各元素富集系数及转运系数,总结了水稻不同部位重金属元素富集迁移规律,并根据相关标准评价了土壤重金属污染及食品健康风险。结果表明:(1)研究区产出的稻米无食用安全风险,土壤重金属含量均低于风险管制值,但10份样品中有3份的Cd含量高于风险筛选值,且全部调查田块的环境质量均不符合绿色食品产地质量要求;(2)对比水稻不同部位的元素富集系数,发现大部分元素富集系数在根部最大,籽实最小。根、茎、叶、糙米的富集系数平均值分别为1.13、0.26、0.20、0.10;(3)对比不同元素的富集系数与转运系数发现,As易于从土壤聚集到根部,Pb的活动性较弱而不易被水稻吸收,Cu、Zn相对较易在水稻中转运。综上所述,并考虑到灵川县过去长期施用石灰带来的不利影响,建议当地相关部门对Cd超标风险引起注意,在控制石灰用量的同时加强土地质量监控,必要时采取增施有机肥料、种植低累积品种的水稻等措施,以降低水稻Cd超标的风险。  相似文献   

10.
对苏锡常地区416套稻米-耕层土样品Cd等元素含量的解剖研究,证实了土壤Cd、Zn、Se、p H、OM、CEC等是控制稻米Cd的重要地球化学因素。相关统计分析结果显示:1)酸性土壤环境中当稻米Cd的BCF值大于10%时,稻米Cd与土壤Cd、Zn呈显著正相关,相关系数大于0.67。土壤Cd的生物有效量普遍较高,土壤中酸可溶态Cd与稻米Cd含量的相关系数大于0.7,接近或稍高于稻米与土壤Cd的相关性;2)土壤Se、OM、CEC均能抑制水稻对土壤Cd的吸收,在一定条件下稻米Cd与土壤Se、OM、CEC之间显著负相关,相关系数均小于-0.5;3)土壤酸化可促进稻米对土壤Cd的吸收,当土壤Cd0.2 mg/kg、OM变化于2.5%~6.5%时,稻米Cd与土壤p H呈显著负相关,相关系数为-0.6;4)水稻不同器官中Cd含量不同,从根部→地上部→稻米Cd含量渐次降低,指示根部水稻器官在稻米从土壤吸收Cd的过程中发挥了更大作用、水稻根系吸收的Cd多积聚于根部。  相似文献   

11.
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.  相似文献   

12.
Robert L. Linnen   《Lithos》2005,80(1-4):267-280
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.  相似文献   

13.
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.  相似文献   

14.
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).  相似文献   

15.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2014,(3):I0001-I0003
正1 AIM AND SCOPE GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS(GSF) is a bi-monthly international journal that publishes in English high quality original research articles and timely reviews in interdisciplinary fields of Earth and Planetary Sciences.GSF aims to bridge innovative,provocative and challenging concepts and models related to various fields of research including petrology and geochemistry in understanding lithospheric architecture  相似文献   

16.
正1 Introduction In the present paper,MgCl2·6H2O,FeCl3·6H2O,and CeCl3·6H2O were used as raw materials in the precipitationhydrothermal method to synthesize MgF eC e hydrotalcite.The effects of the Fe:Ce molar ratio on the composition,crystal structure,and thermal stability of hydrotalcite are examined.Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),X-  相似文献   

17.
正20141430 Chen Ji(Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China);Shi Ji’an Sedimentary Facies and Models for the Palaeogene-Neogene Deposits on the Northern Margin of the Qaidam Basin,Qinghai Province(Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,ISSN1009-3850,CN51-1593/P,33(3),2013,p.16-26,14 illus.,16 refs.)  相似文献   

18.
SEISMIC GEOLOGY     
正20141967An Zhanghui(Lanzhou Base of Institute of Earthquake Prediction,CEA,Lanzhou 730000,China);Du Xuebin Study onthe Geo-Electric Field Variation of Sichuan Lushan MS7.0and Wenchuan MS8.0Earthquake(Chinese Journal of Geophysics,ISSN0001-5733,CN11-2074/P,56(11),  相似文献   

19.
GEOCHEMISTRY     
正20141357 Guo Tao(School of Mathematics and Science,Shijiazhuang University of Economics,Shijiazhuang 050031,China);Hu Jiawen Assessment on the New Pressure-Volume-Temperature(PVT) Data of Supercritical Water(Geological Journal of China Universities,ISSN1006-7493,CN32-1440/P,19(3),2013,p.447-455,9 illus.,3 tables,32 refs.)Key words:supercritical fluids  相似文献   

20.
正20141074Bao Xijie(Research Institute of Exploration and Development,Daqing Oilfield Company,PetroChina,Daqing 163712,China)Gather Optimal Processing and Application Effect of Prestack AVA Instantaneous Inversion  相似文献   

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