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1.
大陆弧安山岩的形成是大洋板片向大陆边缘之下俯冲的结果,但是在具体形成机制上存在很大争议.针对这个问题,对长江中下游地区中生代安山质火山岩及其伴生的玄武质和英安质火山岩进行了系统的岩石地球化学研究,结果对大陆弧安山质火成岩的成因提出了新的机制.分析表明,这些岩石形成于早白垩世,它们不仅表现出典型的岛弧型微量元素分布特征,而且具有高度富集的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素和高的放射成因Pb以及高的氧同位素组成.通过全岩和矿物地球化学成分变化检查发现,地壳混染和岩浆混合作用对其成分的富集特征贡献有限,而其岩浆源区含有丰富的俯冲地壳衍生物质才是其成分富集的根本原因.虽然这些火山岩的喷发年龄为中生代,但是其岩浆源区形成于新元古代早期的华夏洋壳俯冲对扬子克拉通边缘之下地幔楔的交代作用.大陆弧安山岩地幔源区中含有大量俯冲洋壳沉积物部分熔融产生的含水熔体,显著区别于大洋弧玄武岩的地幔源区,其中只含有少量俯冲洋壳来源的富水溶液和含水熔体.正是这些含水熔体交代上覆地幔楔橄榄岩,形成了不同程度富集的超镁铁质-镁铁质地幔源区.在早白垩纪时期,古太平洋俯冲过程的远弧后拉张导致中国东部岩石圈发生部分熔融,其中超镁铁质地幔源区熔融形成玄武质火山岩,镁铁质地幔源区则熔融形成安山质火山岩.因此,大陆弧安山岩成因与大洋弧玄武岩一样,可分为源区形成和源区熔融两个阶段,其中第一阶段对应于俯冲带壳幔相互作用. 相似文献
2.
Magma genesis beneath Northeast Japan arc: A new perspective on subduction zone magmatism 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
It is being accepted that earthquakes in subducting slab are caused by dehydration reactions of hydrous minerals. In the context of this “dehydration embrittlement” hypothesis, we propose a new model to explain key features of subduction zone magmatism on the basis of hydrous phase relations in peridotite and basaltic systems determined by thermodynamic calculations and seismic structures of Northeast Japan arc revealed by latest seismic studies. The model predicts that partial melting of basaltic crust in the subducting slab is an inevitable consequence of subduction of hydrated oceanic lithosphere. Aqueous fluids released from the subducting slab also cause partial melting widely in mantle wedge from just above the subducting slab to just below overlying crust at volcanic front. Hydrous minerals in the mantle wedge are stable only in shallow (< 120 km) areas, and are absent in the layer that is dragged into deep mantle by the subducting slab. The position of volcanic front is not restricted by dehydration reactions in the subducting slab but is controlled by dynamics of mantle wedge flow, which governs the thermal structure and partial melting regime in the mantle wedge. 相似文献
3.
C. Dupuy H. G. Barsczus J. M. Liotard J. Dostal 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1988,98(3):293-302
The Austral Islands, a volcanic chain in the South-Central Pacific Ocean (French Polynesia) are composed mainly of alkali basalts and basanites with subordinate amounts of olivine tholeiites and strongly undersaturated rocks (phonolite foidites and phonolite tephrites). The basaltic rocks have geochemical features typical of oceanic island suites. The distribution of incompatible trace elements indicate that the lavas were derived from a heterogeneous mantle source. The chondrite-normalized patterns of the incompatible elements in basaltic rocks of the Austral Islands are complementary to those of island arc tholeiites. As supported by isotope data, the observed trace element heterogeneities of the source are probably due to mixing of the upper mantle with subducted oceanic crust from which island arc tholeiitic magma was previously extracted. 相似文献
4.
5.
琼西抱板群变质基性火山岩的地球化学特征及其大地构造意义 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
海南岛抱板群变质基性火山岩的岩石学、地球化学、Sr、Nd、Pb同位素及其形成的大地构造环境的综合研究表明 ,抱板群变质基性火山岩具有洋中脊型拉斑玄武岩和岛弧型拉斑玄武岩的双重特征 ,起源于亏损地幔 ,是古俯冲消减带上部岩石圈地幔楔、自消减带卷入地幔楔地壳物质及俯冲洋壳析出的流体构成的三元混合物部分熔融结果 ,产生于扩张弧后 (或弧间 )盆地环境。地球动力学分析表明 ,古中元古代时 ,海南岛西部可能经历了一次由“开”向“合”转变的构造演化史。 相似文献
6.
太阳系固体星球都有类似的核-幔-壳结构,但唯独人类居住的地球具有长英质组成的大陆壳。太古宙大陆克拉通主要由英云闪长岩(Tonalite)-奥长花岗岩(Trondhjemite)-花岗闪长岩(Granodiorite)为主的TTG深成侵入体变质而成的正片麻岩和由基性-超基性酸性火山岩及少量沉积岩变质的表壳岩(绿岩)组成。已有的资料显示这些太古宙大陆岩石组合起源于大洋壳的部分熔融。大洋壳分为大洋盆地、洋中脊、岛弧和洋底高原(大洋岛)。前两者地壳的平均厚度只有5~10km,不可能成为形成太古宙TTG深成侵入体的场所。因此,长英质大陆或起源于板块构造体制下的岛弧,或起源于地幔柱体制下的洋底高原。板块构造体制下的岛弧模式能够很好地解释太古宙克拉通TTG深成岩的成因,即俯冲大洋板片部分熔融所形成的埃达克岩相当于太古宙高压(高Al2O2)型TTG,而俯冲板片脱水导致地幔楔部分熔融形成的玄武质地壳再次熔融所形成的钙碱性花岗质岩石相当于太古宙低压(低Al2O2)型TTG。然而,板块构造体制下的岛弧模式不能令人满意地解释太古宙绿岩带火山岩组合中缺少大量的安山岩、科马提岩~1600℃高温形成环境、克拉通规模近于同时侵位的TTG岩套、大规模卵形构造样式、代表性的逆时针P-T轨迹变质作用演化等诸多特征。相反,地幔柱洋底高原模式能够合理地解释太古宙绿岩双峰式火山岩组合的成因,即基性的拉斑玄武岩和超基性的科马提岩分别来自地幔柱头部部分熔融和尾柱熔浆,而酸性的英安岩、流纹质英安岩和流纹岩是地幔柱热异常导致的洋底高原底部的部分熔融物。按照地幔柱洋底高原模式,太古宙TTG岩浆是由洋底高原底部玄武质地壳的部分熔融而成,这样能够合理地解释为什么太古宙TTG能够在短时间内巨量产出并在形成时间上没有任何系统变化。地幔柱洋底高原模式还能合理地解释太古宙克拉通穹隆构造(dome-and-keel structure)样式、近等压冷却型(IBC)逆时针P-T轨迹,缺少蓝片岩和双变质带的等典型岛弧俯冲带的标志的特征。本文在对大陆起源的岛弧模式和地幔柱洋底高原模式综合评述的基础上,提出一个大陆起源于洋底高原的两阶段模式。 相似文献
7.
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2015,56(3):363-378
Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope data for basaltic rocks of different ages from Kunashir Island (southern Kurile island arc) provide clues to investigate the subduction magmatic history. Signatures of a high-temperature slab component (melt and/or supercritical liquid produced by melting of slab sediments) involved in Early Miocene–Pleistocene back-arc basaltic magmatism indicate a relatively hot (> 800 °C) slab surface. Depleted isotope characteristics of Holocene basaltic lavas in both volcanic front and back arc indicate their origin with the participation of a cold aqueous fluid produced by dehydration of altered oceanic crust of the Pacific MORB type. The difference in geological, geochemical and isotope patterns in the Pleistocene and the Holocene lavas may be a response to stress change from extension to compression in the Kurile back-arc basin and the Kurile arc. 相似文献
8.
Svend Duggen Maxim Portnyagin Joel Baker Kaj Hoernle Nathalie Grassineau 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2007,71(2):452-480
The shift of lava geochemistry between volcanic front to rear-arc volcanoes in active subduction zones is a widespread phenomenon. It is somehow linked to an increase of the slab surface depth of the subducting oceanic lithosphere and increasing thickness of the mantle wedge and new constraints for its causes may improve our understanding of magma generation and element recycling in subduction zones in general. As a case study, this paper focuses on the geochemical composition of lavas from two adjacent volcanic centres from the volcanic front (VF) to rear-arc (RA) transition of the Southern Kamchatkan subduction zone, with the aim to examine whether the shift in lava geochemistry is associated with processes in the mantle wedge or in the subducted oceanic lithosphere or both. The trace element and O-Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb (double-spike)-isotopic composition of the mafic Mutnovsky (VF) and Gorely (RA) lavas in conjunction with geochemical modelling provides constraints for the degree of partial melting in the mantle wedge and the nature of their slab components. Degrees of partial melting are inferred to be significantly higher beneath Mutnovsky (∼18%) than Gorely (∼10%). The Mutnovsky (VF) slab component is dominated by hydrous fluids, derived from subducted sediments and altered oceanic crust, eventually containing minor but variable amounts of sediment melts. The composition of the Gorely slab component strongly points to a hydrous silicate melt, most likely mainly stemming from subducted sediments, although additional fluid-contribution from the underlying altered oceanic crust (AOC) is likely. Moreover, the Hf-Nd-isotope data combined with geochemical modelling suggest progressive break-down of accessory zircon in the melting metasediments. Therefore, the drastic VF to RA shift in basalt chemistry mainly arises from the transition of the nature of the slab component (from hydrous fluid to melt) in conjunction with decreasing degrees of partial melting within ∼15 km across-arc. Finally, systematic variations of key inter-element with high-precision Pb-isotope ratios provide geochemical evidence for a pollution of the Mutnovsky mantle source with Gorely melt components but not vice versa, most likely resulting from trench-ward mantle wedge corner flow. We also present a geodynamic model integrating the location of the Mutnovsky and Gorely volcanic centres and their lava geochemistry with the recently proposed thermal structure of the southern Kamchatkan arc and constraints about phase equilibria in subducted sediments and AOC. Herein, the slab surface hosting the subducted sediments suffers a transition from dehydration to melting above a continuously dehydrating layer of AOC. Wider implications of this study are that an onset of (flush-) sediment melting may ultimately be the main trigger for the VF to RA transition of lava geochemistry in subduction zones. 相似文献
9.
V. P. Kovach V. V. Yarmolyuk V. I. Kovalenko A. M. Kozlovskyi A. B. Kotov L. B. Terent’eva 《Petrology》2011,19(4):399-425
Part II of this paper reports geochemical and Nd isotope characteristics of the volcanogenic and siliceous-terrigenous complexes
of the Lake zone of the Central Asian Caledonides and associating granitoids of various ages. Geological, geochronological,
geochemical, and isotopic data were synthesized with application to the problems of the sources and main mechanisms of continental
crust formation and evolution for the Caledonides of the Central Asian orogenic belt. It was found that the juvenile sialic
crust of the Lake zone was formed during the Vendian-Cambrian (approximately 570–490 Ma) in an environment of intraoceanic
island arcs and oceanic islands from depleted mantle sources with the entrainment of sedimentary crustal materials into subduction
zones and owing to the accretion processes of the amalgamation of paleoceanic and island arc complexes and Precambrian microcontinents,
which terminated by ∼490 Ma. The source of primary melts for the low-Ti basalts, andesites, and dacites of the Lake zone ophiolites
and island arc complexes was mainly the depleted mantle wedge above a subduction zone. In addition, an enriched plume source
contributed to the genesis of the high-Ti basalts and gabbroids of oceanic plateaus. The source of terrigenous rocks associating
with the volcanics was composed of materials similar in composition to the country rocks at a minor and varying role of ancient
crustal materials introduced into the ocean basin owing to the erosion of Precambrian microcontinents. The sedimentary rocks
of the accretionary prism were derived by the erosion of mainly juvenile island arc sources with a minor contribution of rocks
of the mature continental crust. The island arc and accretion stages of the development of the Lake zone (∼540–590 Ma) were
accompanied by the development of high- and low-alumina sodic granitoids through the melting at various depths of depleted
mantle reservoirs (metabasites of a subducted oceanic slab and a mantle wedge) and at the base of the island arc at the subordinate
role of ancient crustal rocks. The melts of the postaccretion granitoids of the Central Asian Caledonides were derived mainly
from the rocks of the juvenile Caledonian crust at an increasing input of an ancient crustal component owing to the tectonic
mixing of the rocks of ophiolitic and island arc complexes and microcontinents. The obtained results indicate that the Vendian-Early
Paleozoic stage of the evolution of the Central Asian orogenic belt was characterized by the extensive growth of juvenile
continental crust and allow us to distinguish a corresponding stage of juvenile crust formation. 相似文献
10.
The Shiribeshi Seamount off northwestern Hokkaido, the Sea of Japan, is a rear-arc volcano in the Northeast Japan arc. This seamount is composed of calc-alkaline and high-K basaltic to andesitic lavas containing magnesian olivine phenocrysts and mantle peridotite xenoliths. Petrographic and geochemical characteristics of the andesite lavas indicate evidence for the reaction with the mantle peridotite xenoliths and magma mixing between mafic and felsic magmas. Geochemical modelling shows that the felsic end-member was possibly derived from melting of an amphibolitic mafic crust. Chemical compositions of the olivine phenocrysts and their chromian spinel inclusions indicate that the Shiribeshi Seamount basalts in this study was derived from a primary magma in equilibrium with relatively fertile mantle peridotites, which possibly represents the mafic end-member of the magma mixing. Trace-element and REE data indicate that the basalts were produced by low degree of partial melting of garnet-bearing lherzolitic source. Preliminary results from the mantle peridotite xenoliths indicate that they were probably originated from the mantle beneath the Sea of Japan rather than beneath the Northeast Japan arc. 相似文献
11.
Oliver E. Jagoutz 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2010,160(3):359-381
Results of simple model calculations that integrate cumulate compositions from the Kohistan arc terrain are presented in order
to develop a consistent petrogenetic model to explain the Kohistan island arc granitoids. The model allows a quantitative
approximation of the possible relative roles of fractional crystallization and assimilation to explain the silica-rich upper
crust composition of oceanic arcs. Depending in detail on the parental magma composition hydrous moderate-to-high pressure
fractional crystallization in the lower crust/upper mantle is an adequate upper continental crust forming mechanism in terms
of volume and compositions. Accordingly, assimilation and partial melting in the lower crust is not per se a necessary process
to explain island arc granitoids. However, deriving few percent of melts using low degree of dehydration melting is a crucial
process to produce volumetrically important amounts of upper continental crust from silica-poorer parental magmas. Even though
the model can explain the silica-rich upper crustal composition of the Kohistan, the fractionation model does not predict
the accepted composition of the bulk continental crust. This finding supports the idea that additional crustal refining mechanism
(e.g., delamination of lower crustal rocks) and/or non-cogenetic magmatic process were critical to create the bulk continental
crust composition. 相似文献
12.
A mafic–ultramafic intrusive belt comprising Silurian arc gabbroic rocks and Early Permian mafic–ultramafic intrusions was recently identified in the western part of the East Tianshan, NW China. This paper discusses the petrogenesis of the mafic–ultramafic rocks in this belt and intends to understand Phanerozoic crust growth through basaltic magmatism occurring in an island arc and intraplate extensional tectonic setting in the Chinese Tianshan Orogenic Belt (CTOB). The Silurian gabbroic rocks comprise troctolite, olivine gabbro, and leucogabbro enclosed by Early Permian diorites. SHRIMP II U-Pb zircon dating yields a 427 ± 7.3 Ma age for the Silurian gabbroic rocks and a 280.9 ± 3.1 Ma age for the surrounding diorite. These gabbroic rocks are direct products of mantle basaltic magmas generated by flux melting of the hydrous mantle wedge over subduction zone during Silurian subduction in the CTOB. The arc signature of the basaltic magmas receives support from incompatible trace elements in olivine gabbro and leucogabbro, which display enrichment in large ion lithophile elements and prominent depletion in Nb and Ta with higher U/Th and lower Ce/Pb and Nb/Ta ratios than MORBs and OIBs. The hydrous nature of the arc magmas are corroborated by the Silurian gabbroic rocks with a cumulate texture comprising hornblende cumulates and extremely calcic plagioclase (An up to 99 mol%). Troctolite is a hybrid rock, and its formation is related to the reaction of the hydrous basaltic magmas with a former arc olivine-diallage matrix which suggests multiple arc basaltic magmatism in the Early Paleozoic. The Early Permian mafic–ultramafic intrusions in this belt comprise ultramafic rocks and evolved hornblende gabbro resulting from differentiation of a basaltic magma underplated in an intraplate extensional tectonic setting, and this model would apply to coeval mafic–ultramafic intrusions in the CTOB. Presence of Silurian gabbroic rocks as well as pervasively distributed arc felsic plutons in the CTOB suggest active crust-mantle magmatism in the Silurian, which has contributed to crustal growth by (1) serving as heat sources that remelted former arc crust to generate arc plutons, (2) addition of a mantle component to the arc plutons by magma mixing, and (3) transport of mantle materials to form new lower or middle crust. Mafic–ultramafic intrusions and their spatiotemporal A-type granites during Early Permian to Triassic intraplate extension are intrusive counterparts of the contemporaneous bimodal volcanic rocks in the CTOB. Basaltic underplating in this temporal interval contributed to crustal growth in a vertical form, including adding mantle materials to lower or middle crust by intracrustal differentiation and remelting Early-Paleozoic formed arc crust in the CTOB. 相似文献
13.
The Banda arc of eastern Indonesia manifests the collision of a continent and an intra-oceanic island arc. The presently active arc is located on what appears to be oceanic crust whereas the associated subduction trench is underlain by continental crust.Recent lavas from the Banda arc are predominantly andesitic and range from tholeiitic in the north through calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline varieties in the southern islands. Defining this regular geochemical variation are significant increases in the abundances of K (2,600–21,000 ppm), Rb (10–90 ppm), Cs (0.5–7.0 ppm), and Ba (100–1,000 ppm) from tholeiitic to high-K calc-alkaline lavas. 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the tholeiites are relatively low, from 0.7045 to 0.7047. In the calc-alkaline lavas, 87Sr/86Sr ratios range from 0.7052 to 0.7095, and in the high-K calc-alkaline lavas from 0.7065 to 0.7080. There is no correlation between 87Sr/86Sr and major and trace element abundances, even among lavas from the same volcano. Late Cenozoic cordierite — bearing lavas from Ambon, north of the presently active arc, are highly enriched in K, Rb and Cs, which together with 87Sr/86Sr ratios of approximately 0.715 is consistent with their derivation from partial melting of pelitic material in the locally — thick crust.The high 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the Recent calc-alkaline lavas are interpreted to result from mixing of a sialic component with a mantle derived component. The most likely cause is subduction and subsequent melting of either sea-floor sediments or continental crust. However, it is probably unrealistic to model this type of deep contamination by simple two-component mixing. Such contamination implies that the volcanic rocks from the Banda arc are at least partly a manifestation of melting at or near the Benioff seismic zone. Temperatures of at least 750–800 ° C at the top of the subducted lithospheric slab at depths of approximately 150 km are also implied; temperatures very close to the solidus of hydrous basalt (eclogite) at such pressure. It is concluded that partial melting of the crustal component of the subducted lithospheric slab may play a significant role in island arc petrogenesis.This paper is the result of a cooperative project with the Geological Survey of Indonesia, Ministry of Mines and Energy 相似文献
14.
Jared P. Marske Aaron J. Pietruszka Frank A. Trusdell Michael O. Garcia 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2011,162(2):231-252
New major and trace element abundances, and Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopic ratios of Quaternary lavas from two adjacent volcanoes
(South Pagan and the Central Volcanic Region, or CVR) located on Pagan Island allow us to investigate the mantle source (i.e.,
slab components) and melting dynamics within the Mariana intra-oceanic arc. Geologic mapping reveals a pre-caldera (780–9.4 ka)
and post-caldera (<9.4 ka) eruptive stage for South Pagan, whereas the eruptive history of the older CVR is poorly constrained.
Crystal fractionation and magma mixing were important crustal processes for lavas from both volcanoes. Geochemical and isotopic
variations indicate that South Pagan and CVR lavas, and lavas from the northern volcano on the island, Mt. Pagan, originated
from compositionally distinct parental magmas due to variations in slab contributions (sediment and aqueous fluid) to the
mantle wedge and the extent of mantle partial melting. A mixing model based on Pb and Nd isotopic ratios suggests that the
average amount of sediment in the source of CVR (~2.1%) and South Pagan (~1.8%) lavas is slightly higher than Mt. Pagan (~1.4%)
lavas. These estimates span the range of sediment-poor Guguan (~1.3%) and sediment-rich Agrigan (~2.0%) lavas for the Mariana
arc. Melt modeling demonstrates that the saucer-shaped normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns observed in Pagan lavas
can arise from partial melting of a mixed source of depleted mantle and enriched sediment, and do not require amphibole interaction
or fractionation to depress the middle REE abundances of the lavas. The modeled degree of mantle partial melting for Agrigan
(2–5%), Pagan (3–7%), and Guguan (9–15%) lavas correlates with indicators of fluid addition (e.g., Ba/Th). This relationship
suggests that the fluid flux to the mantle wedge is the dominant control on the extent of partial melting beneath Mariana
arc volcanoes. A decrease in the amount of fluid addition (lower Ba/Th) and extent of melting (higher Sm/Yb), and an increase
in the sediment contribution (higher Th/Nb, La/Sm, and Pb isotopic ratios) from Mt. Pagan to South Pagan could reflect systematic
cross-arc or irregular along-arc melting variations. These observations indicate that the length scale of compositional heterogeneity
in the mantle wedge beneath Mariana arc volcanoes is small (~10 km). 相似文献
15.
Origin of Low-K Intermediate Lavas at Nekoma Volcano, NE Honshu Arc, Japan: Geochemical Constraints for Lower-Crustal Melts 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
Extremely low-K basaltic andesite to andesite lavas at Nekomavolcano, situated in the frontal volcanic zone of the NE Honshuarc, were produced from melts that originated in the lower crust.Multiple incompatible trace element model calculations suggestthat extremely low-K basalt found in the same arc is a naturalanalog for the source composition. However, fractional crystallization,magma mixing, and crustal contamination models of primary low-Kbasalt cannot reproduce the Nekoma chemical composition. Derivationof melts from an extremely low-K amphibolitic lower-crustalrock with the residual mineral phases hornblende, olivine, pyroxenes,plagioclase, and magnetite is plausible. Major element compositionsof Nekoma lavas are very similar to those of experimental meltsof amphibolite dehydration melting, which further support theproposal. Light rare earth elements are slightly enriched, buttotal rare earth element abundances are relatively low, suggestinga high degree of partial melting of the source. Ba/Th ratiosare low for frontal arc lavas, reflecting modification of theratio during partial melting. Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta ratios are significantlygreater than is usual for arc lavas, suggesting an anomaloussource composition. Markedly low K, Rb, Cs contents in the extremelylow-K lavas are attributed to an extremely low-K source. Underplatingof an extremely low-K basalt originating from a hydrous depletedmantle wedge could form such an amphibolite. In contrast, Ndand Sr isotope ratios fall close to Bulk Earth values, indicatingan isotopically enriched source. Hornblende-bearing rocks maypredominate in the lower crust of the NE Honshu arc, based onthe observation of crustal xenoliths. The presence of largelow-Vp regions at lower-crustal depths beneath the frontal arcis suggested by geophysical observations. These observationsfurther support lower-crustal melting beneath Nekoma as theorigin of the intermediate low-K lavas. KEY WORDS: amphibolite source; crustal melting; low-K andesite; Sr–Nd isotopes; trace element 相似文献
16.
俯冲带部分熔融 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
俯冲带是地幔对流环的下沉翼,是地球内部的重要物理与化学系统。俯冲带具有比周围地幔更低的温度,因此,一般认为俯冲板片并不会发生部分熔融,而是脱水导致上覆地幔楔发生部分熔融。但是,也有研究认为,在水化的洋壳俯冲过程中可以发生部分熔融。特别是在下列情况下,俯冲洋壳的部分熔融是俯冲带岩浆作用的重要方式。年轻的大洋岩石圈发生低角度缓慢俯冲时,洋壳物质可以发生饱和水或脱水熔融,基性岩部分熔融形成埃达克岩。太古代的俯冲带很可能具有与年轻大洋岩石圈俯冲带类似的热结构,俯冲的洋壳板片部分熔融可以形成英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩。平俯冲大洋高原中的基性岩可以发生部分熔融产生埃达克岩。扩张洋中脊俯冲可以导致板片窗边缘的洋壳部分熔融形成埃达克岩。与俯冲洋壳相比,俯冲的大陆地壳具有很低的水含量,较难发生部分熔融,但在超高压变质陆壳岩石的折返过程中可以经历广泛的脱水熔融。超高压变质岩在地幔深部熔融形成的熔体与地幔相互作用是碰撞造山带富钾岩浆岩的可能成因机制。碰撞造山带的加厚下地壳可经历长期的高温与高压变质和脱水熔融,形成S型花岗岩和埃达克质岩石。 相似文献
17.
超大陆的聚合必然伴随着从大洋俯冲、弧陆碰撞到陆陆碰撞等一系列板块汇聚和造山过程,这些不同阶段的俯冲和汇聚过程会产生不同特征的岩浆岩记录.华南陆块是新元古代罗迪尼亚超大陆的重要组成部分,在这个超大陆聚合过程中有格林维尔期洋壳俯冲及其伴随的壳幔相互作用.总结了华南陆块北缘记录的罗迪尼亚超大陆聚合不同阶段发生的岩浆活动,比较了其产物的地球化学特征,探讨了它们对应的构造环境.华南陆块北缘900~950 Ma的岩浆活动产物以镁铁质岩浆岩为主,伴随有少量斜长花岗岩,为洋壳俯冲作用的产物.当洋壳俯冲到大陆边缘之下形成安第斯型俯冲带,古老陆源沉积物也被携带进入俯冲带,由此部分熔融产生的含水熔体交代上覆地幔楔形成极度富集的造山带岩石圈地幔,其在新元古代中期发生部分熔融形成具有极负锆石εHf（t）值的镁铁质岩浆岩.因此,在罗迪尼亚超大陆聚合过程中地幔楔被交代形成镁铁质-超镁铁质交代岩,其中一部分在俯冲阶段就发生部分熔融形成大洋弧或大陆弧镁铁质岩浆岩,另一部分在俯冲之后由于大陆裂断引起造山带岩石圈拉张使其与上覆地壳一起部分熔融形成双峰式岩浆岩. 相似文献
18.
南菲律宾地区类埃达克岩和富铌玄武质熔岩的成因 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
PaternoRCASTILLO 《岩石学报》2002,18(2):143-151
埃达克岩（adakite)最初 是指由消减板片玄武岩物质熔融形成的富硅、富钠、高Sr/Y和La/Yb比值的弧火山熔岩。它通常产在会聚带，这个部位的年轻的、因而仍然是热的大洋板片正在发生俯冲消减。富铌的岛弦玄武央进则是吕等到高碱的镁铁质熔岩，它们相对于正常的岛弦玄武岩含有较多的高场强元素（HFSE）。这些玄武岩通常与埃达克央共生， 这一组合是直被用于论证他们的高HFSE含量是因为他们的地幔源区受到板片来源的熔体的交代。先前的区域研究结果表明，南菲律宾是埃达克岩和富铌岛孤玄武岩的一个典型产地。然而最近的详细研究显示，尽管该地区的一些岛弧火山岩是类埃达克岩的，但是它们很可能是来自地幔楔的母岩浆的分异作用的产物，而这里的地幔楔主要是受沉积来源的成分交代的，此外，菲律宾南部最典型的富铌熔岩中HFSE的富集，也很有可能是起因于似乎是西太平洋边缘特有的富集地幔组分的熔融。这些结果提出了如下问题：南菲律宾是否存在真正的板片来源的熔体？这里的富铌岛弧 熔岩是否起因于地幔楔被这种熔体交代？ 相似文献
19.
K. M. Haase C. Beier S. Fretzdorff J. L. Smellie D. Garbe-Schönberg 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2012,163(6):1103-1119
Lavas from the South Shetland Islands volcanic arc (northern Antarctic Peninsula) have been investigated in order to determine the age, petrogenesis and compositional evolution of a long-lived volcanic arc constructed on 32-km-thick crust, a thickness comparable with average continental crust. New 40Ar–39Ar ages for the volcanism range between 135 and 47 Ma and, together with published younger ages, confirm a broad geographical trend of decreasing ages for the volcanism from southwest to northeast. The migration pattern breaks down in Palaeogene time, with Eocene magmatism present on both Livingston and King George islands, which may be due to a change in both subduction direction and velocity after c. 60 Ma. The lavas range from tholeiitic to calc-alkaline, but there is no systematic change with age or geographic location. The compositions of lavas from the north-eastern islands indicate magma generation in a depleted mantle wedge with relatively low Sr and high Nd isotopic compositions and low U/Nb, Th/Nd and Ba/Nb ratios that was metasomatized by hydrous fluids from subducted basaltic oceanic crust. Lavas from the south-western islands show an additional sedimentary influence most likely due to fluid release from subducted sediments into the mantle wedge. Although magmatic activity in the South Shetland arc extended over c. 100 m.y., there is no evolution towards more enriched or evolved magmas with time. Few South Shetland arc lavas are sufficiently enriched with incompatible elements to provide a potential protolith for the generation of average continental crust. We conclude that even long-established subduction zones with magmatic systems founded on relatively thick crust do not necessarily form continental crustal building blocks. They probably represent only the juvenile stages of continental crust formation, and additional re-working, for example during subsequent arc-continental margin collision, is required before they can evolve into average continental crust. 相似文献