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1.
扬子地块北部被动边缘的南秦岭古生代沉积盆地中,发育一套自早古生代—中生代以来的碳酸盐岩夹细碎屑岩沉积建造,形成规模巨大独具特色的以铅锌金为主的多金属成矿带。伸展构造体制下形成的裂陷或断陷型盆地中,正常水成沉积与热水沉积同盆共存。正常水成沉积中叠加的热水沉积是一个"突发事件或灾变事件",具有特殊的物质组成和产态。通过对区内沉积成矿盆地的识别、分级,二级沉积盆地中边缘部位常发育多个三级构造热水沉积成矿盆地,它受控于沉积盆地中的同生断裂,具有沉积岩相、热水沉积岩组合、显著成矿作用及物化探异常广布的特点。三级构造热水沉积成矿盆地是矿床定位的构造空间,四级热水沉积洼地为矿体(矿层)的容纳空间。区内热水沉积岩主要为重晶石(毒重石)岩、硅质岩、钠长石岩和铁碳酸盐岩类,铅锌重晶石等矿产多产于热水沉积岩中或上盘。热水沉积形成一般由早期的热水喷发交代→主期热水喷流→晚期热水喷气演变。早期的热水喷发交代往往沿矿液喷发通道,形成网脉状、角砾状矿化;主期热水喷流主要形成多金属及热水喷流相,形成块状、条带状、层纹状矿石或热水沉积岩;晚期热水喷气主要形成浸染状矿石和热水喷气岩石。 相似文献
2.
南秦岭古生代沉积盆地沉积-构造事件与热水沉积成矿 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
地处扬子板块北部被动大陆边缘的南秦岭古生代沉积裂陷盆地具地堑-地垒式特点,沉积建造属次稳定型。早古生代加里东期发生的构造-岩浆活动颇具特点,沉积-构造事件对盆地演化及成矿起着重要作用,其与众多的(超)大型汞-锑、铅-锌、金矿关系密切。南秦岭热水沉积成矿方式主要以同生沉积-喷流方式,成矿物质来源于盆地下源深处,热水沉积作用是其主要成矿方式。热水沉积作用形成两大系列热水沉积岩:硅质岩-重晶石岩系列;钠长石岩-铁碳酸盐岩系列。铅-锌成矿与钠长石岩-铁碳酸盐岩关系更为密切。 相似文献
3.
贵州热水沉积矿床 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
将贵州热水沉积矿床划分为4个成矿期:1新元古代大塘坡期(成锰期);2早寒武世时期(Ni-Mo-V-Ba成矿期);3泥盆纪时期(重晶石-铁矿形成期);4二叠纪时期(锰矿-"大厂层"形成期)。贵州热水沉积岩及矿床的热水沉积序列在结构、构造上具有一致性:热水喷发初期以爆发相为特征,形成角砾状、碎屑状构造;主期以喷流相为特征,形成块状和透镜状构造,条带状和纹层状构造是热水间歇供给形成,为喷溢相特征;晚期以喷气作用为主,多形成浸染状构造。除泥盆纪成矿期之外,其余成矿期均有火山活动,火山-热水沉积是贵州热水沉积成矿的主要方式。不同期次所形成的热水沉积矿床均受深大断裂的明显控制,裂陷控制的深水盆地或台沟是矿质聚集的主要场所,也是找矿的主要靶区,不同类型矿床的找矿工作应以其产出特征及不同找矿标志为指导。 相似文献
4.
秦岭造山带中热水沉积成矿盆地的研究思路与方法初探——兼论秦岭超大型金属矿集区的研究与勘查 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以秦岭造山带中热水沉积成矿盆地为例, 讨论了热水沉积成矿盆地的研究思路与方法（１）, 在这些盆地中已发现了一批大型－超大型矿床, 也是秦岭超大型矿集区的研究原理、研究及研究内容等基本准则。提出盆地充填史、盆地内同生构造作用等研究沉积盆地形成与发展。认为秦岭热水沉积成矿盆地具有分级特征, 热水沉积岩相是主要的物质组成。总结了秦岭中（火山）热水沉积成矿盆地、深水缺氧环境中热水沉积成矿盆地、叠合盆地、复合盆地、拉分盆地、裂陷盆地等六种构造－沉积岩相时间－空间组合模式, 它们是超大型金属矿床产出部位。 相似文献
5.
贵州镇宁乐纪泥盆系重晶石矿热水沉积特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
贵州镇宁乐纪泥盆系重晶石矿床地质储量3 302万t,属大型矿床类型。通过对矿床沉积结构、构造特征研究发现,矿床（体）中分布:纹层状构造、条带状构造、角砾状构造、碎屑状构造、块状构造等,它们与天柱-大河边重晶石矿、广西古潭热水沉积重晶石岩及北秦岭二郎坪群热水沉积重晶石岩类似,海底热水喷流形成的热水喷流通道相、单一热水沉积岩相及热水混合同生沉积相在镇宁重晶石矿层中广泛分布,共同构成了热水浊流沉积相,这与秦岭泥盆系热水沉积岩（矿）类似,矿层沉积结构、构造及岩相特征很好的记录了海底热水喷流、演化的信息,沉积韵律特征说明了热水喷流由弱-强-弱的变化过程。海底热水喷流沉积形成的镇宁重晶石矿中热水沉积结构、构造及热水沉积岩相发育,是研究古热水喷流沉积成岩、成矿、划分热水沉积岩相的理想场所。 相似文献
6.
广西热水沉积成矿作用的基本特征 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
详细叙述了广西热水沉积型矿床的成矿时代、空间分布和控矿环境，指出主要的矿产种类有锡、铅、锌、锑、汞、金、铜、钨、锰、铁、磷、重晶石及黄铁矿。其成矿时代为早元古代、晚元古代、早古生代、晚古生代及中生代，以泥盆纪为最重要的成矿时代；矿床在空间上主要分为桂北晚古生代裂陷锡-多金属成矿带及桂西南泥盆纪裂陷锰-重晶石-黄铁矿成矿带，次为桂东南早古生代裂陷铅-锌-多金属成矿带、桂中-桂北泥盆纪走滑断陷铅-锌-重晶石黄铁矿成矿带及桂西北早中三叠世裂陷金矿成矿带，此外还有桂北-桂东元古宙裂陷铁-锡-重晶石成矿带；控矿构造环境为裂谷构造，成矿受裂陷槽及区域性同沉积断裂控制；控矿沉积环境主要为台沟相带，次为局限-半局限台地相带、开阔台地相带、生物礁相带及海槽相带。并指出广西的热水沉积岩主要有硅质岩、电气石岩、层状矽卡岩及重晶石岩。 相似文献
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8.
秦岭造山带泥盆系热水沉积岩相应用研究及实例 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
构造-热水沉积岩相与盆地的古地理环境,热水沉积岩相与热水沉积成矿,热 (水 )流体岩相与构造背景、构造古地理,它们之间有密切地内在联系.应用热水沉积岩相、沉积相及沉积体系分析方法,对凤县铅硐山-双石铺三级构造热水成矿盆地进行研究. 相似文献
9.
热水成矿作用 总被引：25，自引：3，他引：25
本文从热水成矿作用的基本概念、成矿流体地球化学、物理化学与矿床地质等方面对热水成矿作用进行了系统总结，提出热水成矿流体以同生盆地水、表生水包括大洋水为主，在深循环过程中与高温地质体发生作用而获得热量和成矿元素，最后演化为成矿流体；矿化作用主要发生在热水喷流孔附近的物理化学梯度带；对于发生在沉积岩中同生盆地水成因的热水成矿作用具有类似油气藏的生成储集模式，在开放型构造中形成渗透浸染状矿化；在封闭构造中，含矿流体首先集中在构造圈闭中，在构造活动期水爆成矿。热水沉积建造及沉积相带划分是热水成矿作用研究的重要方面，横向上一般划分为硅质岩沉积带、碳酸盐沉积带、硫酸盐沉积带，同时伴随着矿化分带；纵向上分为脉状充填带与喷流沉积带。 相似文献
10.
提出秦岭泥盆纪热水沉积岩相，划分了热水沉积岩相的亚相，微相，并总结其特征，按成岩成矿作用方式可划分为热水同生沉积亚相，热水同生交代亚相，热水浊流沉积亚相，热水液压致裂一隐爆亚相，热卤水渗滤交代亚相，热水（岩浆）流体隐爆－液压致裂亚相等6个亚相，沉积盆地分析中，它们是建立热水沉积盆地中地层格架的构造岩石地层单位组成单元，按地球化学动力学－岩石组合可划分为硅质岩亚相，重晶石岩亚相，钠长石岩亚相，铁镁碳酸盐岩亚相，方柱石－黑云母岩亚相，硫化物岩亚相等6个亚相，在热水沉积成矿盆地的地球化学分析与模拟中，它们是建立热水沉积体系及古热水成矿流体场地球化学类型的岩石地球化学地层层序单元及古热水成矿流体场地球化学类型单元。 相似文献
11.
Records from magnetic signals in Buenos Aires loess–paleosol sequences have been published, but their relationship with environmental
changes has been difficult to establish. Studies on the superparamagnetic (SP) population in present soils can help to understand
these processes. Samples from present soils (Argiudolls) and a paleosol from the Buenos Aires Province (Argentina) were analyzed
using low and room temperature magnetic measurements. They show that it is possible to support the hypothesis of a lognormal
distribution of superparamagnetic particles, the median diameter near 15 nm. The presence of detritic pseudosingledomain (PSD)
titanomagnetite, with low titanium content ranging between TM 28 and TM40, has been established. The linear correlation of
SP content with ferrimagnetic susceptibility and with magnetization suggests that ferrimagnetic minerals drive the SP generation.
Finally, it can be concluded that SP magnetic grains, in the Pampean plain, are generated by an inorganic process in adequate
environmental pH and Eh of the soils. 相似文献
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13.
The sequence of hydrothermal shale from the East Pauzhet thermal field within the Pauzhet hydrothermal system (South Kamchatka) was studied in detail. It was established that the formation of shale resulted from argillization of an andesitic lava flow under the influence of an acidic sulfate vapor condensate. The horizons with radically different compositions and physical properties compared to those of the overlying homogeneous plastic shale were distinguished at the base of the sequence. These horizons are characterized by high (up to two orders of magnitude in comparison with average values in hydrothermal shale) concentrations of F, P, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Cu, and Zn. We suggested a geological–geochemical model, according to which a deep metal-bearing chloride–hydrocarbonate solution infiltrated into the permeable zone formed at the root of the andesitic lava flow beneath plastic shale at a certain stage of evolution of the hydrothermal system. 相似文献
14.
A. Yu. Lein Yu. A. Bogdanov V. V. Maslennikov Syaoli Li N. V. Ulyanova S. P. Maslennikova A. A. Ulyanov 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2010,45(4):305-323
Mineralogy and geochemistry of the sulfide-bearing rocks and ores discovered in the Menez Gwen field are studied. Samples
were taken during the expedition of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology (cruise 49, R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh. The mineral composition of rocks and ores were studied by the traditional methods of optical microscopy, scanning electron
microscopy (CAMSCAN), and microprobe analysis (EPMA SX-50). Contents of trace elements were determined by the laser ablation
inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The Zn-Cu ore comprises zonal sulfide chimney intergrowths. Numerous
Se-rich copper ore fragments occur in the volcanomictic layered gritstones and/or barite slabs. The mineral composition, zonality,
and association of trace elements in ore are typical of “black smokers” formed at the basalt base near the Azores Triple Junction
in the MAR. The results obtained make it possible to reconstruct formation history of the Menez Gwen hydrothermal field into
the high-temperature (Cu-Se association in ore clasts), medium-temperature (Zn-Cu-As association in ore), and recent (Ba-SiO2 association) stages. 相似文献
15.
Tadiwos Chernet 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2011,61(2):129-141
The northern Lake Abaya area located in the southern part of the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) evidently contains an advective hydrothermal system. Regional extensional tectonics and subsidence that began in Late Miocene was followed by rift margin rhyolitic volcanism which produced extensive ignimbrite succession and rift shoulder trachytic volcanism in Pliocene. The extensional axis of the MER became the locus of volcanic activity in the Quaternary with bimodal basalt – rhyolitic volcanic products in the rift floor. Shallow crustal magma chambers feeding the axial volcanic complexes provide heat for the hydrothermal system which reside in Tertiary volcanic succession and is capped by lacustrine and volcanoclastic graben infill sediments. Duguna Fango rhyolitic volcanic complex which has extruded as much volume of volcanic products as all the other felsic centers put together is the most important heat source for the hydrothermal system and related manifestations. The closed drainage basin centered at Lake Abaya with adjacent plateau receiving over 1500 mm annual precipitation maintains a stable recharge for the prevailing hydrothermal system. Regional ground water flow direction is to the southwest following Bilate River which is the major river draining into the lake flowing parallel to the major NNE-SSW structural pattern of MER.Analyses of remote sensing data provided some insight into how the structural fabric had a control on the distribution of the groups of hydrothermal manifestations identified as hydrothermal fields. Thermal infrared image showed distinct thermal signature over the rift floor where hydrothermal fields are situated as compared to the plateau and areas covered by the cap-rock. A hydrothermal field around Duguna Fango volcanic complex has volcanological favorable setting despite lower inferred reservoir equilibrium geothermometer temperatures on the thermal springs. About 30 km to the south two other hydrothermal fields are located at a latitudinal distance of less than 15 km between each other. The near boiling point spring #6 of Northwest Abaya discharge mature water with highest geothermal fluid – host rock equilibrium geothermometer temperatures which together with a nearby fumarolic activity may be explained as an outflow. Across Chewkare graben the Bolcho and northeast Abaya hydrothermal fields located between Bilate and Gidabo rivers geochemically appear to be from a different high-enthalpy geothermal reservoir probably related to the cluster of felsic volcanic centers such as Chericho, Kilisa, Donga and Werencha. The high temperature springs indicate the existence of at least two geochemically distinct hydrothermal reservoirs in the study area. It remains to be proven weather an up-flow of an advective hydrothermal system centered to the north around Duguna Fango have long distance concealed out flows to the south on the northern shores of Lake Abaya which is the hydrologic depocenter. 相似文献
16.
Results of electron microprobe and microthermometric studies of samples collected from the Bouvet Triple Junction Region (BTJR) during a joint Russian-Italian geological expedition on the R/V Academician Nikolaj Strakhov (1994) have revealed new data on the composition of basaltic magmas and oceanic hydrothermal fluids connected with magmatic processes. Detailed analysis of basaltic glasses shows that the modem Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) rift valley is composed of normal mid-ocean ridge basalts with low concentrations of K2 O and TiOz (N-MORB), while its flanks are more enriched with these components approaching E-MORB. A marked influence of the Bouvet hot spot volcanism on magma generation on the South-West Indian Ridge (SWIR) near Bouvet Island is observed. Basaltic melts in this area belong to alkalic and transitional series and have maximum contents of K2 O, TiO2 , H2 O.
Microthermometric analyses of fluid inclusions in the samples from the BTJR have revealed major differences in the oceanic hydrothermal fluid systems on the MAR and near SWIR, which depends on the peculiarities of magma. In the area of the MAR (with dry melts) only H2 O solution inclusions in quartz were found; thus, seawater is probably the only primary source of hydrothermal fluids (NaCl + MgCl2 + H2 O; T = 170–200°C). In the SWIR area (with the high content of water in melts) syngenetic liquid CO2 and H2 O solution inclusions in quartz indicate the influence of the magmatic fluid component on the ore-forming water/carbon dioxide solutions (NaCl + CaC12 + H2 O + CO2 ; T = 200–310 °C; P = 900–1700 bar). 相似文献
Microthermometric analyses of fluid inclusions in the samples from the BTJR have revealed major differences in the oceanic hydrothermal fluid systems on the MAR and near SWIR, which depends on the peculiarities of magma. In the area of the MAR (with dry melts) only H
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18.
Hydrogeology and geochemistry in the Curuksu (Denizli) hydrothermal field, western Turkey 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
H. Murat Özler 《Environmental Geology》2000,39(10):1169-1180
Curuksu is a low temperature hydrothermal system located within the upper sector of the B. Menderes Graben. The hydrologic
structure of the Curuksu hydrothermal system is largely controlled by major graben faults where it is characterized by the
presence of two thermal reservoirs. One is formed by Paleozoic quartzite, schist and marble units, and the second consists
of Pliocene limestone-travertine units. The thermal conditions in the Curuksu region indicate that the regional tectonics
and resulting local stress field control low temperatures activity. Temperatures of 30 springs emerging in the study area
range between 15 and 55 °C. These springs are classified as cold fresh, warm mineral and thermal waters. Pamukkale, Karahayıt
and Honaz springs are steam condensate waters, whereas Curuksu springs are commonly steam-heated waters with respect to the
major anion concentrations. The reservoir temperatures have been estimated from chemical compositions by utilizing simultaneously,
geothermometers and mixing models. According to these thermometric methods, the most probable subsurface temperature is in
the range of 62–90 °C. However, the mixing models suggest a temperature level of 80 °C for the parent water. The system
has low total dissolved solid (TDS) of ∼1000–1500 mg/l, which indicate that these waters undergo conductive cooling within
the reservoir.
Received: 9 September 1999 · Accepted: 14 February 2000 相似文献
19.
The Wallis and Futuna back-arc system is a complex area composed of at least two active oceanic spreading centers (the Futuna and Alofi spreading centers) and young volcanic zones characterized by diffuse magmatism locally affected by the Samoan hotspot. This geological setting is favorable to the establishment of hydrothermal systems, in the form of either high-temperature (HT) hydrothermal venting or low-temperature (LT) diffuse flow. During the 2010 Futuna cruise aboard the R/V L'Atalante, three remarkable inactive LT Fe-Si-Mn deposits were discovered (Utu Uli, Anakele and Utu Sega). Some of the Mn-rich precipitates discovered exhibit the highest base metals concentrations so far recorded in ferromanganese rocks, including in the well-documented hydrogenetic crusts and polymetallic nodules. The deposits lie on top of volcanoes and formed in close association with the volcanic facies. The manganese mineralization occurs in the form of massive layered crusts and Mn-rich cements within strongly altered basaltic pyroclastic rocks, brecciated lavas and, more rarely, in sediments. Field observations and mineralogical and chemical studies support a hydrothermal origin for the mineralization and show that nickel, cobalt and copper enrichments are controlled by the precipitation of 7 Å and 10 Å manganates. The conventional geochemical classifications (e.g. Bonatti et al., 1972) used to decipher the origin of Mn mineralization cannot be used for this new type of deposit and new robust discrimination diagrams need to be established. We suggest that the unusual enrichment of metals recorded in our samples is due to (i) a lack of precipitation of high-temperature massive sulfides at depths that would have retained metals (e.g. Cu, Ni, Co); (ii) isolation of the hydrothermal system, thereby avoiding Ni, Co and Cu losses in the water column; and (iii) the ability of birnessite and buserite/todorokite to scavenge Co, Ni, and Cu from aqueous fluids. The Utu Uli and Anakele deposits share certain characteristics with the active hydrothermal system at Loihi seamount (e.g. the depth of mineralization, relationships with pyroclastic volcanoes, and the influence of a mantle plume source) and thus might represent late-stage products of this specific type of hydrothermal activity. Elsewhere, the Co-rich mineralization of the Calatrava volcanic field (CVF) in Spain may be a potential analog of the Utu Sega deposit. The Mn-(Co) deposits of the CVF formed in close proximity to Pliocene volcanic rocks. Metals were transported by epithermal hydrothermal solutions with high fO2 and cobalt was scavenged by Mn oxides. Together with the well-documented stratabound Mn deposits (González et al., 2016; Hein et al., 2008; Hein et al., 1996), the Mn deposits discovered in the Wallis and Futuna back-arc provide crucial insights into LT hydrothermal activity in the deep ocean. The metal-rich character of this LT hydrothermal activity may be of major importance for future research on the net flux of hydrothermally derived metals (e.g. Ni, Co, Cu) to the open ocean. 相似文献
20.
Michele Saroli Michele Lancia Matteo Albano Anna Casale Gaspare Giovinco Marco Petitta Francesco Zarlenga Marco dell’Isola 《Hydrogeology Journal》2017,25(6):1811-1832
A hydrogeological conceptual model has been developed that describes the hydrothermal system of Suio Terme (central Italy). The studied area is located along the peri-Tyrrhenian zone of the central Apennines, between the Mesozoic and Cenozoic carbonate platform sequences of the Aurunci Mountains and the volcanic sequences of the Roccamonfina. A multi-disciplinary approach was followed, using new hydrogeological surveys, the interpretation of stratigraphic logs of boreholes and water wells, and geophysical data—seismic sections, shear-wave velocity (Vs) crustal model and gravimetric model. The collected information allowed for construction of a conceptual hydrogeological model and characterization of the hydrothermal system. The Suio hydrothermal system is strongly influenced by the Eastern Aurunci hydrostructure. Along the southeastern side, the top of the hydrostructure sinks to ?1,000 m relative to sea level via a series of normal faults which give origin to the Garigliano graben. Geological and hydrogeological data strongly suggest the propagation and mixing of hot fluids, with cold waters coming from the shallow karst circuit. The aquitard distribution, the normal tectonic displacements and the fracturing of the karst hydrostructure strongly influence the hydrothermal basin. Carbon dioxide and other gasses play a key role in the whole circuit, facilitating the development of the hydrothermal system. The current level of knowledge suggests that the origin of the Suio hydrothermalism is the result of interaction between the carbonate reservoir of the Eastern Aurunci Mountains and the hot and deep crust of this peri-Tyrrhenian sector, where the Roccamonfina volcano represents the shallowest expression. 相似文献