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1.
设置于地基中的土工袋不仅可以提高地基承载力,而且具有减振隔振效果。通过水平循环剪切试验研究了土工袋的动力特性,验证了土工袋具有可变的水平刚度和较大的阻尼比,表明土工袋是一种良好的基础减振隔振材料。土工袋的等效阻尼比随着竖向压力的增大而减小,随着最大剪应变的增大而增大。同时,采用离散单元法进行了土工袋在动力荷载作用下的数值模拟计算,土颗粒间采用弹簧-阻尼器接触模型;而土工袋被看成具有张力的小颗粒薄层,这些小颗粒间的接触与袋内土颗粒间的接触模型相同,但仅设置法向的接触而无切向接触,且只受拉不受压。结果表明,土工袋的减振消能效果主要来自于袋内材料的摩擦耗能、黏滞耗能以及袋子张力引起的耗能。另外,还进行了土工袋沟槽的原位振动测试,验证了土工袋的减振隔振效果。 相似文献
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土工袋能够有效地约束袋内土体,具有良好的滤水保土作用,可以用于地基抗液化,但土工袋抗液化性能尚未有系统及深入的研究。开展了一系列小振动台试验,验证土工袋垫层的抗液化效果,研究了振动加速度、土工袋层数和排列方式对抗液化性能的影响。结果表明：土工袋具有良好的抗液化效果,袋内土体的超静孔压比小于同深度处周围的土体;土工袋垫层的排水性能是在土工袋本身具有良好透水性的基础上,孔隙水会沿着土工袋与土体的界面以及袋间的空隙排出;相较于不透水刚性垫层,振动过程中土工袋垫层表面基本保持水平,发挥出较好的变形协调性;土工袋层数增加及交错式排列对抗液化效果有利。 相似文献
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土石混合体渗透性现场试坑试验研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
针对唐钢司家营铁矿Ⅲ采场露天转井下开采回填废石设计研究工程要求,在该矿区Ⅲ采场附近进行了大尺度现场渗透试验。开挖3个大尺寸试坑,在各试坑中分层回填不同粒径范围及厚度的废石（土）进行试坑注水试验;测定回填土石混合体的近似渗透系数,测试土石混合体的粒径组成,并计算出各坑土石混合体的平均粒径和非均匀度。试验研究发现,回填土石混合体的渗透系数分别随平均粒径与非均匀度的增大而增大。降低回填废石（土）的平均粒径和非均匀度可以有效降低回填废石层的渗透性。 相似文献
5.
袋内材料对土工袋动力特性参数影响的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土工袋加固地基技术已普遍应用于房屋地基、边坡加固等工程中。大量研究表明,土工袋具有显著的减振消能效果。为了进一步探讨不同的袋内充填土体材料对土工袋减振消能效果的影响,通过对不同粒径、级配、黏粒含量的填充土体材料及装有相应填充土体材料的土工袋进行水平循环剪切试验,研究袋内填充土体材料与动剪切模量及等效阻尼比2个参数的关系。试验结果表明,土体装入土工袋后,动剪切模量降低,等效阻尼比增大;当填充土体材料及土工袋内土体材料粒径相对较小、级配均匀、黏粒含量高时,等效阻尼比和动剪切模量较大。总体而言,粒径和级配对土工袋减振消能效果影响不大。 相似文献
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针对宁夏引黄灌区农业灌排工程中排水沟道边坡滑移问题,尝试采用土工袋装新技术砌护农田排水沟道。文中推导了基于土工袋砌护农田排水沟边坡的扩展简化Bishop公式并编写相应计算程序,分别对均质土边坡、土工袋砌护边坡以及考虑流沙地层条件时的均质土边坡和土工袋砌护边坡4种模式进行了稳定性分析。将程序计算结果及其搜索的滑移面位置分别与岩土工程专业数值分析软件GeoStudio2007的计算结果和土工袋砌护沟道示范工程的原位监测结果进行对比,结果显示:（1）相同模式下,自编程序计算结果与GeoStudio2007计算结果比较吻合,说明自编程序计算结果可靠;（2）土工袋砌护形式能使均质土坡的安全系数提高34.5%左右,但对于沟底存在流沙层的情况,仅靠土工袋加固,效果并不明显,建议采用土工袋与抗滑柳桩组合防护形式;（3）原位监测数据表明,土工袋砌护的边坡内部位移量随着深度的增加而增大,其规律与自编程序搜索的滑移面位置趋势基本一致;（4）土工袋砌护边坡的内部位移量、位移年变化量等均小于传统的草土柳桩支档边坡,边坡稳定性较高。 相似文献
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本文针对国内地下管线施工中,新型非开挖管线施工技术综合运用在为解决实际施工难题中起到的关键作用,同时非开挖创新技术对旧管线修复起到积极和推动作用。本文从工程实际出发,试论非开挖技术和工法,特点对解破施工难题,采用的对策以供管线施工同行交流和探讨。 相似文献
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铺设地下管线大都采用开挖路面的方法,这样做的结果是破坏了街路的完整性,影响交通与城市面貌,采用“非开挖地下管线铺设方法”施工可以避免为铺设地下管线而开挖街路。损伤路面、影响交通。它包括以下三种方法：挤密导孔－拉削扩孔方法,小断面挖掘液面送管方法,地下夯管方法。 相似文献
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论述在城镇雨污分流工程中采用非开挖技术需要工程勘察的内容和要求。针对非开挖技术特点,与常规市政工程勘察的对比分析,得出采用非开挖技术施工所需要的工程勘察特性。结合廊坊市雨污分流非开挖试验段工程,分析了前期工程勘察对后期非开挖工程施工的影响,具体分析工程地质勘察和施工区域地下管线探测特殊性对非开挖工程设计、施工的意义。最后从雨污分流非开挖试验段工程结论出发,总结采用非开挖技术施工进行工程勘察的常规性内容,为以后类似工程采用非开挖技术施工提供参考. 相似文献
11.
Existing relationships for lateral backfill pressures on pipelines assume that the trench is adequately wide to contain the failure surface. This condition is commonly violated in design and construction practice, putting at risk the pipeline safety. In this context, size and shape effects for trenches excavated in stiff soils and rocks, are numerically investigated, through experimentally-calibrated parametric analyses. It is shown that, for narrow trenches, ultimate pressures and yield displacements may increase up to an order of magnitude compared to “infinite-trench” values, while excavation of inclined walls reduces the above detrimental effects. Simplified relations are developed to aid pipeline design. 相似文献
12.
Hideki Shimada Saeid Khazaei Kikuo Matsui 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2004,22(2):161-186
In order to protect the safety of workers construction, as well as for environmental and cost reasons, efficient small-diameter
shallow tunneling methods have recently become increasingly important in regards to outside plant engineering such as for
water supplies, electricity, telecommunications and gas. The effects of the above projects in overcrowded urban areas are
significant and often result in substantial impact and traffic delays associated with a loss of travel time. Clearly the solution
to these utility placement problems, if the full impact of trench excavation is to be avoided, is trench less technology.
In particular, for construction work near existing facilities, underground tunnels that are excavated by slurry pipe-jacking
are being increasingly employed in order to avoid problems. Slurry pipe-jacking was firmly established as a special method
for the non-disruptive construction of the underground pipelines of sewage systems. Pipe-jacking, in its traditional form,
has occasionally been used for short railways, roads, rivers, and other projects. Basically the system involves the pushing
or thrusting of a drivage machine through concrete pipes ahead of jacks. This method utilizes mud slurry that is formed around
the pipes in order to stabilize the surrounding soil. Moreover, in recent years, the rectangular shape of the concrete pipe
in using slurry pipe-jacking was introduced due to the effective uses of the space. Based on his reason, the rectangular shape
of the concrete pipe is often adopted in Japan. From this point of view, this paper discusses the effect shapes have on the
stability of surrounding soil by means of the numerical analysis. Secondly, this paper discusses the performance of the mud
slurry around the drivage pipes by means of the two-dimensional Eulerian-Lagragian seepage analysis. Moreover, in slurry pipe-jacking,
the performance of the mud slurry plays an important role in the pushing process. Finally, the thrusts in slurry pipe-jacking
can be predicted accurately by evaluating the resistance between the mud slurry and the concrete pipes and the resistance
between the soil and the pipes in the curved jacking area.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
Current analytical methodologies for the evaluation of soil pressures on laterally displaced pipelines, as in the case of differential (e.g. fault-induced) permanent ground movements, allow the use of sand fill material properties under the condition that the size of the trench is adequate so that the failure surface develops fully within the sand fill (i.e. “free field” response). The accuracy of this assumption is investigated in this paper by means of numerical analyses, which employ a number of advanced features, such as pipe-backfill interface elements, large strain formulation and mesh rezoning. Following verification against well-documented experimental data, the analyses investigate: (a) the shape and size of the failure mechanism, as well as, (b) the potential trench effects on soil pressures and pipeline strains in the case of a strike-slip fault rupture. It is shown that for small embedment depths soil failure extends to the ground surface, in the form of a general shear failure mechanism, while for larger depths it becomes progressively localized and surrounds the pipeline. It is also shown that, for most cases of pipeline diameter and embedment depth, common trench dimensions cannot contain the “free field” failure surface dimensions. Finally, analyses for limited trench dimensions, reveal that the ultimate soil pressure increases exponentially with decreasing trench width, leading to high bending strains in pipelines subjected to differential lateral ground displacements. 相似文献
14.
淤泥土应力-应变矢量增量的真三轴试验研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
保持大主应力、中主就力不变,增大小主应力是实际工程中可能存在的一种应力路径,土石坝蓄水和土方回填等就类似这种加荷方式。就该应力路径对宁波淤泥土进行了真三轴试验,针对真三轴试验结果,对弹塑性本构关系中涉及到的应力矢量增量与庆变矢量增量的方向变化规律进行了特定条件下的研究。结果表明,在这种应力路径下排水剪切,应变知音一增量与应力矢量增量的方向不仅不一致,而且与π平面上相应的径向应力路径的偏角也不一致,这种应力路径下的现象和结果是岩土塑性力学和计算土力学中极少考虑的。 相似文献
15.
The macroscopic linear elastic behaviour of inclusion‐reinforced soils, regarded as periodic composite media, is investigated by means of the homogenization theory. Special attention is given here to the determination of their longitudinal shear stiffness properties, which strongly govern the reinforced ground response under lateral loading. Combining the use of analytical, variational and numerical methods, we thoroughly examined three particular engineering‐relevant configurations: single trench, column and cross trench reinforcements. Fairly accurate closed‐form expressions are thus obtained, giving the value of the reinforced soil longitudinal shear stiffness as a function of the individual components shear moduli and reinforcement volume fraction. It is shown in particular that adopting a cross trench reinforcement layout instead of the classical column configuration results in a much higher improvement of the longitudinal shear stiffness. The results are then applied to assessing the reduction of soil liquefaction risk, which can be attributed to the presence of the reinforcing inclusions. Again, they clearly demonstrate the excellent performance of the cross trench configuration as compared with the complete inefficiency of the column reinforcement technique. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
土工袋减振效果良好且造价低、施工简单,现研究与应用多基于现场重复试验,而少见有减振机制研究。根据土工袋的消能减振作用原理,利用离散单元法,建立土工袋减振过程中能量耗散方程;模拟单一竖向加载条件下各部分的能量耗散,从能量守恒角度对计算结果进行合理性分析,验证所建立的能量耗散方程与计算方法的正确性;然后利用经验计算模型,对土工袋单体进行1 000 N/s加载速率条件下3次循环加载时各部分能量耗散数值模拟,定量研究土工袋单体的减振效果。理论研究表明,土工袋袋子及袋内材料总消耗能量百分比随着加荷与卸荷的进行而呈“波浪状”增减趋势,占总能量的百分比在75%以上,可以起到较好的消能效果。 相似文献
17.
本文介绍一种新型低频雷达技术,它可在上海市区潜水面高、土层湿度大的地质条件下,快速而有效地探测地下管道的分布情况,以促进上海市区城市建设的发展。 相似文献
18.
Tell es‐Sâfi/gath is situated in the semiarid foothills of central Israel, adjacent to the coastal . plain. An enigmatic landscape feature, noted on aerial photographs, encircles the tell on three sides. This unique feature, unknown from other Near Eastern tells, was investigated. Methods of analysis include aerial photographs, field surveys, excavations, soil analyses, chronotypological ceramic classification, and radiocarbon dating. We concluded that (1) the peculiar landscape feature is a huge human‐made trench, over 2 km long, 5–6 m deep, and more than 8 m wide, cut through bedrock; (2) the trench was excavated during the Iron Age IIA (ca. 1000–800 B.C.E.), apparently as part of a siege system; (3) the extracted rock and soil material was dumped on the Iron Age landscape surface on one side of the trench, forming an elevated “berm”; (4) erosion processes transformed this landscape scar, as the trench filled with sediment; (5) stratigraphic analysis indicates two major phases of filling, separated by a period of landscape stability and soil formation (A horizon); (6) the two filling phases, exhibiting Iron Age IIA and Byzantine pottery (ca. 324—638 C.E.), appear to coincide with more intense human activity; and (7) the possible effect of climatic variations seems less obvious. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
19.
The objectives of the interdisciplinary pilot project "Development of a municipal environmental information system" in Hannover
encompassed the development, modification and improvement of data acquisition methods and methods for describing the environment
on the basis of this data, as well as methods for evaluating the data as a basis for measures affecting the environment taken
by the community.
The subproject "Urban Soils" had the following two main objectives: (i) development of a data acquisition method for soils
in municipal areas and a method for evaluating this data, and (ii) development of methods for making this information available
to local government in the form of a "soil information system" for urban areas.
To achieve these objectives, the following work was carried out: (1) a factor analysis to determine which factors affect the
soil in an urban area; (2) study of methods for mapping soils in cities; (3) development of a concept for a soil information
system; and (4) evaluation of environmental problems of the municipality using the soil information system.
Data acquisition was done in two steps: First, soil-relevant data was selected, standardized, digitized and stored in an alphanumeric
and a graphic database for a factor analysis. By intersection of the eight information levels, the factors affecting the soil
were determined for the city of Hannover (200 km2). To test the hypothesis that the results for one site can be transferred to another site with the same combination of factors,
43 test sites typical of urban land use were selected. These test sites were mapped in a way to fulfill geostatistical requirements;
physical and chemical analyses of the soils were made. A prognosis of soil distribution and properties was made on the basis
of the factor analysis. and compared with the actual conditions.
Concurrent with the pedological research, a prototype soil information system was developed. The system consists of databases,
a methodbase, a geometrical tool, and a control system. Alphanumeric data is stored in a relational database, the geometric
data in ISAM files. Methods for determining soil parameter values were selected and tested for their applicability.
Using the pedological data and the soil information system, information can be obtained about soil conditions in Hannover
as well as about soil processes (e.g. infiltration rates) and interaction with the atmosphere, hydrosphere, etc. This information
can be obtained in the form of thematic maps and statistical representations, which can be used by decision-makers at the
municipal level.
Received: 3 September 1994 · Accepted: 19 December 1995 相似文献