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1.
稻城地区位于青藏高原东南缘的川滇地块北部,为揭示该区域温泉流体地球化学特征以及其和地震活动性之间的关系,本次研究采集了稻城地区6个温泉的水样以及逸出气体样品。对温泉水中离子组分和浓度,温泉逸出气体组分及气体同位素进行了测试,得到以下认识。研究区温泉水化学类型主要为HCO3-Na和HCO3-Na·Ca型,通过阳离子温标估算热储温度在74℃～159℃之间,循环深度在2.2 km～5.0 km之间。温泉气体中CO2主要是由储层中的碳酸盐岩受热分解或溶解产生的,氦来自幔源组分的比例较低,在0.4%～2.4%之间,研究区的温泉是由沿断裂带渗入的大气降水经地壳深部的热源加热形成的。在稻城地区,循环深度以及幔源气体贡献率等不同的温泉流体地球化学特征与地震活动性之间有很好的对应关系,并且研究区地震活动性要弱于周缘鲜水河断裂地区等深部流体上涌地区。同时在区域尺度上,未来位于断裂交汇部位的稻城仲堆温泉一带的地震活动性最值得关注。 相似文献
2.
长白山天池火山口内湖滨温泉地球化学 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文报道了湖滨温泉强气体释放带地球化学特征。湖滨温泉强气体释放带位于天文峰下长白山天池火山口北岸,是一处大规模热水强烈释放区域。天文峰顶部的极新的喷发物年代尚有争议,它们应当是近代某次中小规模喷发或千年大喷发的残留物。湖滨温泉区域逸出气体的地球化学研究对揭示区域火山活动有现实意义。本文通过对长白山天池火山口湖内湖滨气体强释放带的考察采样,全面分析了湖滨温泉区域逸出气体的地球化学特征。结果显示,这些气体中富含CO2、He、CH4、Ar等深源气体。He同位素比值为4.81~5.95,依据4He/20Ne同位素值和He含量计算的幔源气体含量平均为67.1%,显示湖滨区域是一处大规模、高强度深源气体释放的特殊区域。He同位素空间分布呈凹形特征可能与区域火山机构有关,深部幔源气体的大规模释放很可能是最新火山喷发的残留气体。本文提供了天池湖滨温泉地球化学初步的直接证据。 相似文献
3.
金沙江-红河断裂带温泉气体地球化学特征 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
金沙江-红河断裂带是青藏高原东南缘地热活动强烈、地震活动水平高、各种矿产丰富的深大断裂带。为了探索该断裂带的温泉气体地球化学时空变化特征,2015年3月～2019年7月,经过5次野外考察,采集了54个温泉逸出气体样品,对其化学组分和氦、氖与碳的同位素变化的测试结果表明:(1)金沙江-红河断裂带内温泉气体氦同位素比值(3He/4He)变化范围是0.04～0.62Ra(Ra=空气3He/4He=1.39×10-6),计算获得的幔源氦最大比例达到7.5%,揭示该断裂带内的地质流体主要来自于壳源,幔源氦有从北向南呈现增加的趋势。以CO2为主要组分的温泉,其δ13CCO2值变化范围是-23.6‰～-1.9‰(vs. PDB)。结合区域地质条件分析,这些CO2主要来自三叠系灰岩,所占比例范围是70.1%～89.7%,而幔源CO2的比例最高可以达到4.2%。(2)金沙江-红河断裂带温泉气体的氢气浓度和氦同位素在三处断裂交汇区都出现高峰值,分别是金沙江断裂与巴塘断裂、中甸断裂与红河断裂、红河断裂与小江断裂和奠边府断裂的交汇处。与区域地震活动性的对比分析结果表明,金沙江-红河断裂带内深部流体上涌相对强烈的区域,深部流体对区域地震活动性具有重要的控制作用。 相似文献
4.
在我们过去研究唐山和海域地震的基础上，讨论了地壳内岩浆上涌与地球前兆，震后效应及其它一些地震现象的关系，认为赈 浆的上涌力，热的发散及气体的逸出，是引起地震前兆及其它地震现象的原因，地震过程与岩浆上涌有直接的关系。 相似文献
5.
地热气体是地球内部物质和能量的信息载体，是地热研究的重要对象。地热气体主要包括CO2、H2S、H2、CH4、N2、O2等常量气体和He、Ne、Ar、Kr等稀有气体。这些组分的来源有幔源、壳源和大气源。经过100多年的研究，人类对地热气体的化学成分与同位素组成特征，如2H、13C、34S、3He、 4He、20Ne、39Ar、40Ar、85Kr、81Kr等，获得了基本认识并应用于不同来源气体混合关系，控热构造，热储温度，流体循环，热源构成等问题的研究。此外，气体研究也在地热开发过程中的腐蚀结垢防治和减碳贡献评估等方面有重要意义。近年来，我国在地热气体研究方面取得了显著进展。未来需要统一样品采集、贮存和测试方法，建立相应的技术标准，进而建成归一化标准的地热气体大数据。在碳达峰、碳中和的“双碳”目标的重大需求牵引下，进一步探索地热气体定年、伴生资源成因、控热构造识别等方面的发展，进而为应对气候变化和实现地热能科学可持续开采奠定基础。 相似文献
6.
还原性流体与斑岩型矿床成矿机制探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
目前已经广泛认同斑岩型Cu-Mo-Au矿床是在氧化性相对较高的含矿流体作用下形成的。但是随着研究的深入,逐渐发现了一系列具备还原性特征的斑岩型矿床,这些矿床往往不发育表征高氧逸度的原生磁铁矿和硫酸盐矿物。本文针对目前发现的与还原性I型花岗岩相关的斑岩矿床进行了综合分析,发现此类矿床的成矿流体中普遍含有CH4等还原性流体成分,并且伴生有CO2。结合相关资料分析认为还原性流体中所含有的CH4可能来自邻近的S型花岗岩的混染作用,但也不排除是经地球排气作用从地幔进入到地壳的可能性。结合典型还原性斑岩型矿床研究,给出了一个化学模型,认为CH4和SO2属于岩浆系统自生成分,在特定化学物理阶段发生反应,形成H2S和CO2,从而抑制了硫酸盐矿物的形成。反应所生成的H2S可以与Mo结合形成辉钼矿矿化,而Cu-Au由于在氧逸度较低的环境下具备更高的活性,易于富集在气相流体中,所以可以迁移到某一距斑岩系统较远的有利部位沉淀成矿,从而形成以Mo矿化为核心区,外围Cu-Au矿化的模式。 相似文献
7.
CO2气体伴随着温泉的出露而逸出,其中有一部分以溶解状态存在于泉水中。分析温泉水中CO2的含量特征,研究气体与围岩岩性、断层的关系,可以推断断层的活动性和CO2的来源。依据现场测试获得温泉中游离CO2的含量,分析云南云龙和兰坪地区部分温泉游离CO2的含量特征,发现该地区温泉水中游离CO2含量普遍较高,最高达到286.0 mg/L,并与p H呈负相关,与Eh、lg PCO2呈正相关。研究区温泉的出露受深大断裂的控制,CO2含量高还反映了断裂较强的活动性,此外,研究还发现出露在红层中的温泉游离CO2含量相对较高。研究区温泉中CO2的δ13C值主要分布在-8‰~0‰,表现出幔源特征。经计算泉水中CO2分压为10-2.19~10-0.57Bar,都大于大气的分压,但只有牛街温泉具备钙化沉积的条件。 相似文献
8.
深源地震(deep earthquakes)对于研究地球内部结构及板块的运动、动力学机制等起着重要的作用。从和达清夫首次发现深源地震至今80多年的时间里深源地震得到了广泛关注,获得大批高质量的成果。但是,其成因机制至今仍然是未解之谜。目前,大家广泛接受以脱水脆裂为中源地震的成因机制,反裂隙断层为深源地震的成因机制。剪切失稳等机制也能对中源与深源地震的成因做出较好的解释,但仍需进一步的实验研究。中国东北珲春等地区位于环太平洋地震带上,也是中国唯一存在的深源地震带。对地表地质构造、矿物岩石物理学、深部探测和高温高压实验及数值模拟分析的综合研究是解决深源地震机制问题的有效途径。加强中国东北深源地震机理与西太平洋板块俯冲的研究,对进一步认识我国东部大地构造格局演化有着重要的深部背景意义。 相似文献
9.
高温高压实验研究表明，地幔矿物相变与深源地震有着密切的关系。在具有放热效应的橄榄石－尖晶石相变过程中形成的反向裂隙是诱发深源地震的主要原因；而发生在下地幔的相变作用（假如钛铁矿－钙钛矿相变）因其具有吸热效应的特征，不形成反向裂隙，从而导致深源地震终止于下地幔顶界。 相似文献
10.
中国西南地区CO2释放点的He同位素分布不均一性及大地构造成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在印度板块向欧亚大陆俯冲碰撞过程中,产生一系列深大断裂带,形成大量CO2释放脱气点。这些点除了释放大量的CO2、N2、H2S气体以外,还会附带释放CH4、He等各种各样的气体。释放出来的氦为惰性元素,是判识幔源气体最灵敏的地球化学示踪指标,He同位素随形成的构造部位不同而不均匀地分布,且与不同的大地构造成因关系密切。藏中及藏北区块在大地构造位置上属于班公湖-怒江断裂带发生了明显的地幔脱气作用,显示其与地幔相连通而且深度达到上地幔,为一条岩石圈深断裂带;但样品中幔源氦约占总氦的1.4%~1.7%,反映该断裂带深部的开放性程度较低,而闭合性程度相对较高,由此反映了该区处于强烈挤压的构造环境和地壳增厚的地质背景。在滇西南地区(重点在腾冲热海地区)地热流体逸出气体中含有大量幔源岩浆挥发组份,表明该区地壳浅部存在幔源岩浆侵入活动。该区怒江断裂带发生着明显的地幔脱气作用,显示该断裂带与地幔相连通且深度达到上地幔,为一条岩石圈深断裂带;同时所有样品中的幔源氦平均约占总氦的26.2%,最高可达48.8%以上。反映该裂谷带代表伸展性构造环境,且是地幔脱气作用最强烈的构造区之一,是俯冲碰撞的中心地带。而在滇中地区—小江断裂带却是另一番景象,该区样品中的幔源氦平均约占总氦的2.27%,最高也才8.9%。反映此区为印度板块向欧亚大陆以NNE方向碰撞影响到的最东缘。小江断裂带局限在地壳范围内,故而氦同位素显示出在此断裂带以西则明显存在幔源来源,而往东则幔源氦极微。氦同位素在自西至东由藏西到藏南(藏南西与藏南东)至滇西到滇中,R/Ra值由较低到较高再到较低到最高再降低的平面分布规律。川西—鲜水河断裂带则因特殊的构造部位,是中国“地质百慕大”;样品中幔源氦平均约占总氦的8.1%,平均值高于西藏各分区以及云南除滇西南以外的各区,但又远远小于滇西南—腾冲地区。说明鲜水河断裂带,部分地贯穿整个岩石圈,并有切割上地幔之趋势。 相似文献
11.
Chemical and isotopic evidence for secondary alteration of natural gases in the Hetianhe Field, Bachu Uplift of the Tarim Basin 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Chunfang Cai Richard H Worden Qinghua Wang Tingsheng Xiang Jingquan Zhu Xuelei Chu 《Organic Geochemistry》2002,33(12)
H2S and CO2 are found in elevated concentrations in the reservoirs near the Carboniferous–Ordovician unconformity in the Hetianhe Field of the Tarim Basin, NW China. Chemical and isotopic analyses have been performed on produced gases, formation waters and reservoir rocks to determine the origin of CO2 and H2S and to explain the heterogeneous distribution of isotopic and geochemical characteristics of petroleum fluids. It is unlikely that H2S and CO2 had a mantle component since associated helium has an isotope ratio totally uncharacteristic of this source. Instead, H2S and CO2 are probably the result of sulphate reduction of the light hydrocarbon gases (LHG). Increasing H2S concentrations and CO2/(CO2+ΣC1–4) values to the west of the Hetianhe Field occur commensurately with increasingly heavy hydrocarbon gas δ13C values. However, thermochemical sulphate reduction is unlikely because the temperatures of the reservoirs are too low, no H2S or rare pyrite was detected in deeper reservoirs (where more TSR should have occurred) and inferred δ34S values of H2S (from late-stage pyrite in the Carboniferous and Ordovician reservoirs) are as low as −24.9‰. Such low δ34S values discount the decomposition of organic matter as a major source of H2S and CO2. Bacterial sulphate reduction of the light hydrocarbon gases in the reservoir, possibly coupled indirectly with the consumption of organic acids and anions is most likely. The result is the preferential oxidation of 12C-rich alkanes (due to the kinetic isotope effect) and decreasing concentration of organic acids and anions. Modern formation water stable isotope data reveal that it is possible that sulphate-reducing bacteria were introduced into the reservoir by an influx of meteoric water from the west by way of an inversion-related unconformity. This may account for the apparently stronger influence of bacterial sulphate reduction to the west of the Hetianhe Field, and the consequent greatest decrease of the δ13C-CO2 values and the greatest increase in δ13C values of the alkane gases. 相似文献
12.
Ordovician natural gases in the Tahe Oilfield are composed predominantly of hydrocarbon gases dominated by methane with a
significant amount of heavy hydrocarbon gas component. The non-hydrocarbon gases include N2, CO2 and minor H2S. The Ordovician natural gases are believed to have originated from the same source rocks, and are composite of gases differing
in thermal maturity. Carbon dioxide was derived from thermal metamorphism of Ordovician carbonate rocks. The generation of
natural gases involves multiple stages from mature normal oil and condensate-associated gas to thermally cracked gas at the
maturity to over-maturity stages. In the main part of the Tahe Oilfield, the Ordovician natural gases appear to be filled
in two major phases with a typical petroleum-associated gas from southeast to northwest and from east to west in the early
stage; and a thermally cracked gas from east to west in the late stage. At the same time, the oil/gas filling boundary has
been primarily established between the two stages. 相似文献
13.
《Applied Geochemistry》2000,15(8):1085-1095
The pore space of deep saline aquifers in the Alberta (sedimentary) Basin offers a significant volume for waste storage by “hydrodynamic trapping”. Furthermore, given the slow regional fluid flow in these deep saline aquifers, ample time exists for waste-water/rock chemical reactions to take place. A geochemical computer model (PATHARC) was used to compute the interaction of industrial waste streams comprising CO2, H2SO4 and H2S with the minerals in typical carbonate and sandstone aquifers from the Alberta Basin. The results support the idea that these acids can be neutralized by such reactions and that new mineral products are formed, such as calcite, siderite, anhydrite/gypsum and pyrrhotite, thereby trapping the CO3, SO4 and S ions that are formed when the acid gases dissolve in the formation water. Siliciclastic aquifers appear to be a better host for “mineral trapping” than carbonate aquifers, especially with regard to CO2. Carbonate aquifers may be more prone to leakage due to high CO2 pressures generated by reaction with H2SO4 and H2S. Even though permeability decreases are expected due to this “mineral trapping”, they can be partially controlled so that plugging of the aquifer does not occur. 相似文献
14.
Sulfur analyses by X-ray fluorescence give an average content of 107 ppm for 9 samples of fresh subaerially-erupted oceanic basalt and 680 ppm for 38 samples of submarine erupted basalt. This difference is the result of retention of sulfur in basalt quenched on the sea floor and loss of sulfur in basalt by degassing at the surface. The outer glassy part of submarine erupted basalt contains 800±150 ppm sulfur, and this amount is regarded as an estimate of the juvenile sulfur content of the basalt melt from the mantle. The slower cooled interiors of basalt pillows are depleted relative to the rims owing to degassing and escape through surface fractures. Available samples of deep-sea basalts do not indicate a difference in original sulfur content between low-K tholeiite, Hawaiian tholeiite, and alkali basalt.The H2O/S ratio of analyzed volcanic gases is generally lower than the H2O/S ratio of gases presumed lost from surface lavas as determined by chemical differences between pillow rims and surface lavas. This enrichment of volcanic gases in sulfur relative to water may result from a greater degassing of sulfur relative to water from shallow intrusive bodies beneath the volcano.Publication authorized by the Director, U.S. Geological Survey. 相似文献
15.
Gas genetic type and origin of hydrogen sulfide in the Zhongba gas field of the western Sichuan Basin, China 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Guangyou Zhu Shuichang Zhang Haiping Huang Yingbo LiangShucui Meng Yuegang Li 《Applied Geochemistry》2011,26(7):1261-1273
Natural gases and associated condensate oils from the Zhongba gas field in the western Sichuan Basin, China were investigated for gas genetic types and origin of H2S by integrating gaseous and light hydrocarbon geochemistry, formation water compositions, S isotopes (δ34S) and geological data. There are two types of natural gas accumulations in the studied area. Gases from the third member of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation (T2l3) are reservoired in a marine carbonate sequence and are characterized by high gas dryness, high H2S and CO2 contents, slightly heavy C isotopic values of CH4 and widely variable C isotopic values of wet gases. They are highly mature thermogenic gases mainly derived from the Permian type II kerogens mixed with a small proportion of the Triassic coal-type gases. Gases from the second member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation (T3x2) are reservoired in continental sandstones and characterized by low gas dryness, free of H2S, slightly light C isotopic values of CH4, and heavy and less variable C isotopic values of wet gases. They are coal-type gases derived from coal in the Triassic Xujiahe Formation.The H2S from the Leikoupo Formation is most likely formed by thermochemical SO4 reduction (TSR) even though other possibilities cannot be fully ruled out. The proposed TSR origin of H2S is supported by geochemical compositions and geological interpretations. The reservoir in the Leikoupo Formation is dolomite dominated carbonate that contains gypsum and anhydrite. Petroleum compounds dissolved in water react with aqueous SO4 species, which are derived from the dissolution of anhydrite. Burial history analysis reveals that from the temperature at which TSR occurred it was in the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous and TSR ceased due to uplift and cooling thereafter. TSR alteration is incomplete and mainly occurs in wet gas components as indicated by near constant CH4 δ13C values, wide range variations of ethane, propane and butane δ13C values, and moderately high gas dryness. The δ34S values in SO4, elemental S and H2S fall within the fractionation scope of TSR-derived H2S. High organo-S compound concentrations together with the occurrence of 2-thiaadamantanes in the T2l reservoir provide supplementary evidence for TSR related alteration. 相似文献
16.
The equilibrium thermodynamic calculations made for C-H and C-H-N-O-S systems show that the mantle might contain a fluid consisting
of heavy (high-molecular) hydrocarbons (HHC) and their derivatives, as well as of inorganic gases (H2O, CO2, N2, NH4, H2S, etc.). In the range of diamond-graphite phase transition, the HHC are decomposed to form methane, its nearest homologues,
and graphite. The geochemical and experimental data by different authors point to possible HHC occurrence in the upper mantle.
These results confirm the concept by Dmitrievskii (2006) that the deep fluids might be lifted to the crustal waveguide to
fill its fractures and cavities. Owing to compaction, the fluids are squeezed from the waveguide and lifted into sedimentary
layers to form the commercial hydrocarbon deposits. Resulting from the “washing“ of sedimentary rocks with the fluids, hydrocarbon
gases and oil of organic origin might be formed. 相似文献
17.
川甘陕交汇地区新构造活动强烈、地震频发,具有复杂多样的构造变形模式和构造强烈活动特征,为一潜在地震危险性研究的关键构造部位。为了查明川甘陕交汇关键构造部位地壳浅表层现今地应力环境和潜在地震危险性,在甘肃省水市甘谷县及四川省广元市三堆镇实施机械岩心钻探工程和水压致裂地应力测量。地应力测量结果表明,甘谷钻孔3个主应力关系为SHShSv,甘谷地区现今水平主应力起主导作用,且具有较高地应力值,钻孔附近最大水平主压应力方位平均为N41°E,易于钻孔附近北西西向西秦岭北缘断裂产生左旋走滑兼逆冲活动;三堆钻孔3个主应力关系为SHShSv,该地区现今水平主应力起主导作用,钻孔附近最大水平主压应力方位平均为N85°W,利于钻孔附近北东向青川断裂产生右旋走滑兼逆冲活动。利用库仑摩擦滑动准则对断裂活动进行分析,结果表明天水和广元地区的地应力大小均已经达到了使地壳浅部断层产生滑动失稳的临界条件,需加强地应力实时监测和分析。该研究成果为川甘陕交汇关键构造部位的断裂活动性分析和地质环境安全评价提供科学依据。 相似文献
18.
Huang Jizhong 《中国地球化学学报》1991,10(1):45-57
This paper is the continuation of the paper published in 1985, with the emphasis on the irregular components of natural gases from the Sichuan Basin—the isotopic compositions of C,H and S, the n-and iso-alkane predominance (C6-C13) of methane homologues, the compositional characteristics of benzene and methylbenzene, and the distribution and geochemical characteristics of organic sulfur-bearing compounds including thiophen, thio-alcohol, etc. It is considered that natural gases from the Sichuan Basin have different distributional characteristics in different layers and locations, suggesting that they are controlled by a combination of factors such as kerogen type, maturity of organic matter and wall-rock assemblage.
- The type of source material (or precursor) is a main factor affecting the geochemical characteristics of natural gases. T3x-h and P2l produce coal-series gases with type-III source material dominant. The C and H isotopic compositions of natural gases are heavier, the contents of C6H6 and C7H8 are high, C7H8/C6H6 < 1. the content of C4H4S is low, and the predominance in isoalkane (C6C13) is obvious. J1t. P1y. Z2b. etc. produce oil-series gases with type-I and -II kerogens dominant, indicating that the geochemical characteristics of natural gases are different from those described above.
- The maturity of organic matter is an important factor affecting the composition of natural gases.With increasing maturity of organic matter, the C and H isotopic compositions tend to become light. C1 and C2 isotopic values are nearly equal or even inverse, and C4H4S decreases in content.
- Wall-rock assemblage has apparent influence on the S isotopic composition. The Middle-Lower Triassic series belongs to sulfate-carbonate formations enriched in gypsum. Therefore, the (δ34S values of natural gases are relatively high (< 20 %.) against the lower values for other layers due to the absence of gypsum layers.
19.
依据10余口探井60多个气样的化学成份和碳同位素组成数据,结合烃源岩和储层沥青分析资料,系统剖析了四川盆地东部宣汉地区普光、毛坝场等构造带天然气地球化学特征,并探讨了其成因及来源。研究结果表明:这些构造带中飞仙关组—长兴组天然气为高含硫化氢的干气,天然气化学成份表现出古油藏原油裂解气的特点。其烃类气体中以甲烷为主(高于99.5%);富含非烃气体,CO2和H2S平均含量分别达5.32%和11.95%。甲烷碳同位素较重(-33‰～-29‰),表征高热演化性质;乙烷δ13C值主要分布在-33‰至-28‰范围,属油型气。这些天然气与川东邻近气田的同层位天然气具有同源性,而与石炭系气藏天然气在化学成份、碳同位素组成上有所不同,意味着有不同的气源。硫化物硫同位素和沥青元素组成证实高含量的H2S是气藏发生TSR作用所致。δ34S值表征层状沉积成因的硬石膏是TSR作用的反应物,而脉状硬石膏则是其残余物。储层的孔隙类型可能与TSR作用强度和H2S含量高低有联系,裂缝型气层中H2S少,孔洞型储层中H2S丰富。乙烷、沥青和各层系烃源岩干酪根碳同位素对比表明研究区飞仙关组—长兴组气藏天然气主要来自二叠系烃源层。 相似文献