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1.
CO2流体对岩屑长石砂岩改造作用的实验   总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3  
通过密闭容器中CO2-H2O-砂岩体系相互作用实验,研究了不同温度和压力下CO2流体对岩屑长石砂岩成分的改造。反应后溶液中总矿化度的变化、样品质量的损失及扫描电镜(SEM)的观察结果表明:长石、方解石和石英的溶蚀强度随温度的升高而增大,CO2流体对岩屑长石砂岩的溶蚀作用与温度正相关;同时通过扫描电镜观察发现,200℃和300℃时样品表面均有一种未知的铝硅酸盐矿物生成,并通过反应液的pH值及各种离子浓度的变化解释了CO2流体-砂岩相互作用过程中矿物溶解、沉淀的机制。  相似文献   

2.
低温碱性溶液中微纹长石溶解性质研究   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
对微纹长石在碱性溶液中的溶解过程及表面特征变化规律进行实验研究,温度为60℃,实验溶液分别为NaOH(pH≈8)、Na2CO3,[ρ(Na^ )=26μg/mL]和NaCl溶液,利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和ICP-MS测定实验前后微纹长石的表面特征及实验溶液成分变化,结果表明,随着pH值升高,微纹长石的溶解性增强;微纹长石的溶解不是被单一反应模式所控制,而是在表面控制(surface-conrtolled)、扩散控制(diffusion-controlled)和次生物相形成三种过程交替进行的结果。碱性溶液中长石表面反应分三个步骤:H^ 与长石表面碱性阳离子交换反应;OH^-联合已进入长石架状结构内部空隙,具较大结合能的Al-O键逐步破裂,并生成铝的水解产物而溶出;表面形成富Si的络合物。  相似文献   

3.
矿物溶解的表面化学动力学机理   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
谭凯旋  张哲儒 《矿物学报》1994,14(3):207-214
本文应用表面化学理论分析了矿物在水溶液中的溶解反应动力学机理。表面化学的催化作用使矿物溶解反应的活化能显著降低。矿物溶解速率受表面吸附、表面交换反应和解吸反应等表面化学过程的控制并与溶液的pH值有关,正比于溶液αH+值的nθ次幂。受表面吸附控制时,nθ=1,溶解速率随pH增大而减小;受表面交换反应控制时,nθ=0,溶解速率与pH无关;受解吸反应控制时,酸性条件下nθ为0~1内的正小数,碱性条件下nθ为-1~0之内的负小数。大多数矿物的溶解作用在酸性条件下受表面吸附和/或表面交换反应控制,在碱性条件下受解吸反应的控制。  相似文献   

4.
在75℃和pH=1.04~2.46时采用间歇型实验方法测定了天然白钨矿在HCl溶液中的溶解速率,揭示了溶解反应的动力学机理。结果表明,Ca的释放速率随反应时间保持稳定,并随pH降低而增大。W的释放行为则更为复杂,在反应初期与Ca呈一致溶解,之后由于钨酸表面层(中间产物)的形成,W的释放量和释放速率明显下降。这说明白钨矿的溶解作用由早期的表面化学反应转变为化学反应-扩散控制过程,从而导致W、Ca呈不一致溶解。pH越小,不一致溶解出现的时间越早。酸性溶液中白钨矿的溶解速率方程为v=k[H+]n,以W和Ca计算的速率常数k分别为0.65×10-5mol/m2s和1.04×10-5mol/m2s,反应级数n则分别为1.20和1.26。结合他人研究结果,白钨矿的溶解反应相对于H+可能为一级反应。  相似文献   

5.
砂岩储层中有机酸对主要矿物的溶蚀作用及机理研究综述   总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22  
砂岩储层中有机酸对矿物的溶解和沉淀在很大程度上影响着次生孔隙的发育。研究发现,有机酸之所以能提高石英的溶蚀速率和长石的溶解度,主要是由于在矿物的表面及溶液中形成络合物,有效地降低了矿物表面反应的活化能及溶液中硅、铝离子浓度的结果。有机酸与粘土矿物的吸附或催化反应可抑制长石等其他矿物的溶解。有机酸与CO2一起共同控制着体系中碳酸盐的溶解或沉淀。  相似文献   

6.
不同温度、羧酸溶液中长石溶解模拟实验   总被引:24,自引:2,他引:22  
报道了在100℃、140℃下微斜长石在不同羧酸溶液中的溶解实验数据。通过实验表明1)反应温度增高,可增强溶液中阳离子的活性和迁移性,加快长石溶解的反应速率,促进长石的溶解。2)在强酸性条件下,pH值的变化可影响长石的溶解。但在中等酸性条件下,pH值对长石的溶解影响很小。3)羧酸(乙二酸)可不同程度地促进长石溶解,可通过形成乙二酸络合物的形式,增加离子在溶液中的溶解度。但乙酸络合物的作用不明显。长石溶蚀导致岩石孔隙度变大,并且改善孔喉性质。同时,由于乙二酸络合物的存在,增加了Si在溶液中的溶解度,阻止了石英加大和其它成因SiO2的生成,有利于次生孔隙和原生孔隙的保存。4)长石溶解使溶液中Al的浓度较高,但由于铝-羧酸络合物的亲油性比亲水性强,故有一部分Al被分配到油相中,这也是目前大多数油田水中Al浓度偏低的主要原因。  相似文献   

7.
灰岩和白云岩溶解速率控制机理的比较   总被引:12,自引:2,他引:12  
刘再华  李华举 《地球科学》2006,31(3):411-416
碳酸盐岩溶解的速率控制过程包括:(1)岩石表面上的非均相化学反应;(2)离子从岩石表面通过扩散向溶液中的传输;(3)CO2向H 和HCO-3的转换.通常是这3个过程中的最慢过程决定着碳酸盐岩的溶解速率.然而,实验和理论分析发现,在条件相似的情况下,白云岩的初始溶解速率不仅只有灰岩的1/3~1/60,而且灰岩和白云岩的溶解呈现出不同的速率控制机理.如对灰岩而言,在实验中加入能催化CO2转换反应的生物碳酸酐酶(CA)后,其溶解速率增加出现在CO2分压>100Pa的区域,最高可达10倍;而对白云岩,其溶解速率增加出现在CO2分压<10000Pa的区域,且增加仅3倍左右.此外,虽然2类岩石的溶解也均受水动力条件(旋速或流速)的控制,且主要出现在CO2分压<1000Pa的区域,但灰岩的溶解对水动力条件的变化比白云岩溶解更敏感.这些发现在解释和揭示自然界白云岩和灰岩岩溶发育及其相关资源环境问题的差异方面具有重要意义.  相似文献   

8.
石英表面配合物与溶解动力学模型   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
阐述了石英表面配合物和溶解动力学机理之间的关系,指出了石英的反应性主要受负电性表面物种的控制,从而导致电解质,离子强度,PH等因素对石英溶解的催化效尖,溶解速率的提高与反应活化能的降低或活化熵的增大有关。最后,介绍了在过渡液态理论和表面反应模型基础上建立的石英溶解速率方程。  相似文献   

9.
选取塔中地区奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩样品进行了模拟实验,以研究其在表生岩溶作用下的溶解动力学特征.实验分别在30,50℃下,用pH值为3~6的盐酸溶液,恒温水浴加热进行.结果表明:4种样品溶解速率的相对大小依次为:灰白色灰岩>砂屑灰岩>粗晶白云岩>中粗-细晶白云岩,且溶解速率均随着温度的升高而增大,随着pH值的增大而减小.但随着外界环境的变化,溶解速率的变化略有差异.造成这种差异的原因可能是样品中的硅酸盐杂质、晶体颗粒的大小以及实验过程中产生的CO2的影响.由实验结果推测可知,对于塔中地区以表生岩溶作用为主形成的奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩储层,灰岩储层的储集性能可能优于白云岩储层;对于以埋藏岩溶作用为主形成的奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩储层,白云岩储层的储集性能可能优于灰岩储层.  相似文献   

10.
碎屑岩成岩过程中各种造岩矿物溶解特征的热力学模型   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
不同温压条件下,与碎屑岩在成岩过程中各种造岩矿物溶解相关的7个反应吉布斯自由能增量(ΔG)和平衡常数(K)的计算结果说明:各种造岩矿物(钾长石、钠长石、钙长石以及铁镁暗色矿物中的辉石、角闪石等)在成岩过程中的稳定性都较弱、抗溶蚀能力不高;铁镁暗色矿物和中-基性斜长石在碎屑岩的成岩条件酸性介质中,比酸性斜长石和碱性长石更易发生溶解形成次生溶蚀孔隙,为油气的储集和运移提供空间和通道.  相似文献   

11.
This study reports the kinetic experimental results of albite in water and in KCI solution at 22 MPa in the temperature range of 25 to 400℃. Kinetic experiments have been carried out in an open flow-through reaction system (packed bed reactor). Albite dissolution is always incongruent in water at most temperatures, but becomes congruent at 300℃ (close to the critical point 374℃). At temperatures from 25 to 300℃, the incongruent dissolution of albite is reflected by the fact that sodium and aluminum are easily dissolved into water; from 300 to 400℃ it is reflected by silicon being more easily dissolved in water than Al and Na. Maximum albite dissolution rates in the flow hydrothermal systems have been repeatedly observed at 300℃, independent of flow rates.The kinetic experiments of albite dissolution in a KCl aqueous solution (0.1 mol KCl) indicate that the dissolution rate of albite increases with increasing temperature. Maximum silicon release rates of albite have been observed at 400℃, while ma  相似文献   

12.
Qiongdongnan Basin has a tectonic geological background of high temperature and high pressure in a deep reservoir setting,with mantle-derived CO2.A water-rock reaction device was used under high temperature and high pressure conditions,in conjunction with scanning electron microscope(SEM)observations,to carry out an experimental study of the diagenetic reaction between sandstone at depth and CO2-rich fluid,which is of great significance for revealing the dissolution of deep clastic rock reservoirs and the developmental mechanism of secondary pores,promoting deep oil and gas exploration.In this study,the experimental scheme of the water-rock reaction system was designed according to the parameters of the diagenetic background of the deep sandstone reservoir in the Qiongdongnan Basin.Three groups of single mineral samples were prepared in this experiment,including K-feldspar samples,albite samples and calcite samples.Using CO2 as a reaction solution,a series of diagenetic reaction simulation experiments were carried out in a semi-closed high temperature and high pressure simulation system.A field emission scanning electron microscope(SEM)was used to observe the microscopic appearance of the mineral samples after the water-rock reaction,the characteristics of dissolution under high temperature and high pressure,as well as the development of secondary pores.The experimental results showed that the CO2-rich fluid has an obvious dissolution effect on K-feldspar,albite and calcite under high temperature and high pressure.For the three minerals,the main temperature and pressure window for dissolution ranged from 150℃to 300℃and 45 MPa to 60 MPa.Scanning electron microscope observations revealed that the dissolution effect of K-feldspar is most obvious under conditions of 150℃and 45 MPa,in contrast to conditions of200℃and 50 MPa for albite and calcite.Through the comparative analysis of experimental conditions and procedures,a coupling effect occurred between the temperature and pressure change and the dissolution strength and calcite.Under high temperature and high pressure,pressure changed the solubility of CO2,furthermore,the dissolution effect and strength of the sandstone components were also affected.The experiment revealed that high temperature and high pressure conditions with CO2-rich fluid has a significant dissolution effect on aluminosilicate minerals and is conducive to the formation of secondary pores and effective reservoirs.Going forward with the above understanding has important implications for the promotion of deep oil and gas exploration.  相似文献   

13.
不同水流速度下温度对奥陶系碳酸盐岩溶蚀速度的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了解不同水流速度下温度对碳酸盐岩溶蚀速度的影响,以自行设计、制造的能够模拟水流条件,并且可同时容纳24个样品的溶蚀试验装置为平台,以淮南张集矿、潞安漳村矿和兖州东滩矿奥陶系灰岩为代表性岩石试样,选取不同温度、水流速度及CO2压力,进行了溶蚀试验。试验结果显示,在水流速度较低时(16.67 mL/min),环境温度的变化对溶蚀速度的影响比较微小(平均溶蚀变化量为0.000 6 g/cm2)。在水流速度较大时(60 mL/min),温度的改变对溶蚀速度影响较大(平均溶蚀变化量为0.0038 g/cm2)。也就是说在地下水的强径流带,温度对溶蚀速度的影响相对较大,溶蚀速度较快,所以岩溶较发育。   相似文献   

14.
Due to the important scientific significance of the interaction between alkaline feldspar and high-temperature and high-pressure fluids. We have conducted a series of autoclave experiments of feldspar dissolution and secondary mineral precipitation in conditions of 250–500 °C, 8–50 MPa, and pH = 3.0 and 5.5. Based on the interaction experiments between alkaline feldspar and fluid of high-temperatures and high-pressures, we get the main results as follows: (1) The law that people have grasped below the critical point about the influence of temperature, pressure, and pH value on the alkaline feldspar dissolution behavior is still held above the critical point. (2) Due to the experimental techniques of autoclave flip 180°—sharp quenching and based on electron microprobe analysis of mineral new formed, theoretical analysis has determined that the new altered minerals distributed on the island dissolution surface of feldspar are products of precipitation on a feldspar surface after saturation of the relative ion concentration in water fluid.  相似文献   

15.
山西王家岭矿区奥陶系碳酸盐岩溶蚀规律研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为研究王家岭矿区奥陶系碳酸盐岩的溶蚀规律,模拟造成差异性溶蚀的主要因素进行了实验。在常温常压、溶蚀液碳酸水的pH值为6.5~6.9、每次溶蚀时间控制在24h左右的条件下,对矿区不同层段的碳酸盐岩进行溶蚀实验。实验发现,碳酸盐岩的成分和结构是影响溶蚀指标的重要因素,比溶蚀度和比溶解度总体趋势是白云岩灰岩膏岩;不溶物含量的增大使比溶蚀度和比溶解度下降,机械破坏量呈非线性增加;相同情况下方解石溶解速度快于白云石2~3倍。该实验结果为矿区进行水文地质研究提供了基础数据。  相似文献   

16.
Batch reactor experiments were conducted to assess perthitic alkali-feldspar dissolution and secondary mineral formation in an initially acidic fluid (pH = 3.1) at 200 °C and 300 bars. Temporal evolution of fluid chemistry was monitored by major element analysis of in situ fluid samples. Solid reaction products were retrieved from two identical experiments terminated after 5 and 78 days. Scanning electron microscopy revealed dissolution features and significant secondary mineral coverage on feldspar surfaces. Boehmite and kaolinite were identified as secondary minerals by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of alkali-feldspar surfaces before and after reaction showed a trend of increasing Al/Si ratios and decreasing K/Al ratios with reaction progress, consistent with the formation of boehmite and kaolinite.Saturation indices of feldspars and secondary minerals suggest that albite dissolution occurred throughout the experiments, while K-feldspar exceeded saturation after 216 h of reaction. Reactions proceeded slowly and full equilibrium was not achieved, the relatively high temperature of the experiments notwithstanding. Thus, time series observations indicate continuous supersaturation with respect to boehmite and kaolinite, although the extent of this decreased with reaction progress as the driving force for albite dissolution decreased. The first experimental evidence of metastable co-existence of boehmite, kaolinite and alkali feldspar in the feldspar hydrolysis system is consistent with theoretical models of mineral dissolution/precipitation kinetics where the ratio of the secondary mineral precipitation rate constant to the rate constant of feldspar dissolution is well below unity. This has important implications for modeling the time-dependent evolution of feldspar dissolution and secondary mineral formation in natural systems.  相似文献   

17.
pH值对长石溶解度及次生孔隙发育的影响   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
本文从长石溶解反应的机理及各离子形态在溶液中分布的热力学角度出发 ,论述了pH值对三个长石端员及高岭石在流体中溶解度的影响。在此基础上 ,进一步探讨了流体酸碱度对长石向高岭石转化和次生孔隙发育程度的制约 ,并提出了衡量次生孔隙发育程度的参数———转化系数D。  相似文献   

18.
鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界煤系砂岩储层普遍具有低长石、溶蚀孔隙发育的特点,通过大量岩石薄片鉴定、X-射线衍射、扫描电镜、地层条件下高温高压真实砂岩岩芯的酸溶溶蚀实验等手段,结合鄂尔多斯盆地的构造、热演化史分析,研究了上古生界煤系地层中长石大面积消失事件的机理。认为早白垩世"热异常酸性流体酸洗地层事件"导致上古生界煤系地层中长石大面积溶蚀消失,形成广泛分布的次生溶蚀孔隙发育带,长石的分布与埋深无关,热演化程度的差异直接控制长石的消亡与否。据此,建立了鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界煤系地层成岩演化及长石溶蚀消失次生溶孔发育模式。  相似文献   

19.
利用钾长石合成雪硅钙石纳米粉体的反应机理研究   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
刘贺  马鸿文  聂轶苗  王蕾 《现代地质》2006,20(2):347-353
采用CaO为助剂,在水热条件下分解钾长石,进而合成雪硅钙石。影响反应的主要因素为:n(CaO)/n(SiO2+AlO1.5)、晶化温度和晶化时间等。在n(CaO)/n(SiO2+AlO1.5)为0.75~1.00、晶化温度为230~250 ℃、晶化时间为5~8 h的条件下,可以合成结晶良好的雪硅钙石晶体。反应机理分析表明:在钾长石-氧化钙的水热体系中,钾长石的分解并不是简单的离子交换作用或铝硅酸盐解聚作用,而是在碱金属离子与水作用的基础上,反应物中H+与矿物表面的碱金属离子K+、Na+、Ca2+作用,首先形成表面富硅贫铝的前驱聚合体(SiO2·nH2O);然后这些前驱聚合体分解,与溶液中的Ca2+作用,生成C-S-H凝胶和水钙铝榴石;随着反应时间的延长,C-S-H凝胶和水钙铝榴石进一步转变为雪硅钙石。  相似文献   

20.
微生物作用下玄武岩的溶解: 粘附作用和温度的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
使用透析的方法,设计实验探讨了多粘芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)的粘附对玄武岩中矿物溶解的影响,同时通过改变实验温度,探讨了岩石的微生物溶解与温度的关系.10 d的实验结果表明,在30 ℃条件下,细菌P. polymyxa及其代谢产物对玄武岩的溶解有显著促进作用,加速了橄榄石中Mg、Fe、Mn的溶出及辉石和长石中Ca、Al的溶出,而在5℃条件下,这种促进作用不明显.细菌及其代谢物的粘附能加速Mg、Fe、Mn的溶出,抑制Ca的溶出,这种不同的影响与两组元素的溶出机制不同,且粘附对各溶出机制的影响也不同有关,Al的溶出受粘附作用的影响较小.低温条件下,粘附作用对玄武岩中各元素的溶出基本无影响.  相似文献   

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