共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
云南抚仙湖近现代环境变化的沉积物粒度记录 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对云南抚仙湖沉积物柱芯样品的放射性核素210Pb和137Cs的测试,确定了过去129年的湖泊连续沉积序列。利用210PbCRS计年模式,计算出每个样品深度所对应的年代,与137Cs时标计年法比较存在一定的偏差,分析了两种计年方法存在差异性的原因。根据抚仙湖的湖区特点,对沉积物的粒度特征进行了分析。抚仙湖柱芯的粘土（<4 μm）、细粉砂（4～16 μm）和粗粉砂（16～63 μm）含量分别占约36%,44%和18%。粒度参数根据矩值法求得,平均粒径（值）为6.48～7.92,分选系数So为1.27～1.42,偏度SKD分布范围在-0.18～0.04之间。将整个柱芯的计年结果与粒度特征相结合,自1878年以来,抚仙湖的环境演化大致可以划分为4个阶段:自然演化阶段,人为扰动阶段,人为改造阶段,后期治理阶段。人类活动在特定的历史时期会对湖泊环境变化产生较大的影响。 相似文献
2.
137Cs剖面的沉积信息提取——以香港贝澳湿地为例 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
通过建立模型,对采自香港大屿山岛贝澳湿地三个站位的沉积样品的137Cs实测剖面与模型计算剖面的比较分析,得出三个站位的沉积速率分别为0.24 cm/a、0.21 cm/a、0.34 cm/a,除P1站位外,P2、P3站位由于受到潮水的作用,表层沉积物受到侵蚀,侵蚀量分别为4.8 cm和7 cm。该结果与常用的时标方法所的结果进行了比较,P1站位由上述模型所得的结果与常用的时标方法所得的结果一致。可以看出,在稳定的沉积环境下,常用的确定时标的方法可以较准确地计算出沉积速率,而在堆积与侵蚀变化的沉积环境下,常用的确定时标的方法就存在一定的缺陷。该工作为137Cs剖面的沉积信息提取进行了有益的尝试。但上述模型中,由于采用日本东京地区的137Cs大气沉降通量记录替代香港地区的137Cs大气沉降通量记录,并没有考虑 137Cs的扩散效应,所以该模型还有待进一步的改进。 相似文献
3.
太湖沉积对流域极端降水和洪水响应的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
认识极端洪水特征和周期,急需建立长期洪水记录和序列。过去150 a来长江下游极端降水引发了多次太湖特大洪水,太湖湖泊沉积提供了长于观测资料的洪水记录。本文利用太湖中心开阔水域的近现代沉积,采用210Pb和137Cs测年法和粒度、磁学特征分析,与区域夏季降水和长江下游洪峰流量进行相关分析,恢复了太湖流域150 a来的历史洪水事件。根据长江下游极端夏季降水（Pjja≥90%百分位）和极端径流(Q≥90%百分位)以及历史文献记载,太湖流域自1840年以来约有24次特大洪水年,而湖泊沉积物砂级粒径与低频磁化率等特征能捕获与之对应的中洪水事件15次。这表明湖泊沉积记录能较好地反演过去洪水变化,为利用沉积记录认识百年极端洪水长周期变化和特征提供了沉积学、磁学等方面的科学依据。 相似文献
4.
对长江三角洲北翼南通地区ZKA4钻孔岩心进行了磁性地层学研究,结果表明,302.7 m的岩心记录了布容正向极性时（Brunhes）、松山负向极性时（Matruyama）和部分高斯正极性时（Gauss）。在系统古地磁样品采集、处理和测试的基础上,应用磁性地层、AMS 14C加速器测年等方法,结合岩性特征,对ZKA4钻孔剖面进行了详细地层划分,分别确定了下更新统、中更新统、上更新统和全新统的埋深及沉积厚度,其中Q/N界线位于291.72 m处,Qp1/Qp2、Qp2/Qp3、Qp3/Qh界线分别定位于189.39 m、132.44 m和26.14 m处。本项研究结果为该区域第四纪地层划分对比、古地理环境演化及岸线变迁等相关研究提供了可靠的地层年代框架。 相似文献
5.
近百年来东平湖沉积通量变化与环境 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根据210Pb、137Cs法建立的东平湖现代沉积年代序列,结合沉积物粒度与烧失量变化特征以及黄河变迁与流域人类活动的特点,分析探讨了1889年以来东平湖沉积通量的变化。研究表明,百年来东平湖沉积环境不稳定,沉积通量变化较大:1889~1938年,沉积通量较高且基本稳定,1938~1965年,沉积通量逐年下降,1965~2000年,沉积通量整体较低且基本稳定,2000年以来,沉积通量呈逐年上升趋势。早期的高沉积通量与东平湖作为黄河自然滞蓄洪区有关,后期由于人类活动（湖区治理、黄河水利工程建设等）控制了黄河水的自然倒灌,导致了沉积通量的下降并趋于稳定,近期沉积通量的上升是湖区经济活动增强的反映。 相似文献
6.
神农架天鹅洞石笋76～58 kaB.P.时段DO事件 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
据神农架高海拔天鹅洞一支石笋9个230Th年龄和332组氧、碳同位素数据,建立了76～58 kaB.P. Dansgaard Oeschger (DO)事件时间序列,揭示了深海氧同位素4阶段(MIS4)东亚季风降水百年尺度变化过程。天鹅洞和葫芦洞石笋、格陵兰NGRIP冰芯δ18O对比显示,天鹅洞记录DO18事件暖湿程度相当于深海氧同位素3阶段(MIS3)水平,其振幅类似于格陵兰冰芯δ18O记录。起始时间上,天鹅洞记录DO18事件在710年230Th测年误差范围内和葫芦洞记录保持一致,并支持了NGRIP冰芯记录对应时标。在全球降温背景下,如此典型DO事件指示了强季风降水过程。70 kaB.P.左右,冰芯DO19事件至少老于石笋记录约950年,远大于700年左右的230Th测年误差,对老于该时段的冰芯时标需高分辨率地质记录进一步验证。69.09～64.64 kaB.P.（ DO19ˊ~18）期间,冰芯记录的百年尺度峰谷变化和天鹅洞石笋记录一一对应,反映了低纬热带海洋和北大西洋温盐环流之间耦合作用。 相似文献
7.
以青藏高原西南部塔若错的34cm浅湖芯为研究对象,对其沉积物样品进行总有机碳、无机碳、总氮、微量元素、正构烷烃含量及碳氮比等多项指标的分析测定。采用过剩210Pb和137Cs计年法对该湖芯进行了定年和沉积速率研究,获得了近300年的连续湖泊沉积环境序列。在明确了各指标气候环境指示意义的前提下,综合对比分析湖芯中各项气候环境指标,并结合定年结果重建了塔若错湖区近300年来的气候环境变化。结果表明：塔若错湖区气候环境变化可分为3个明显阶段：早期为1705～1778年,该地区气候环境温暖湿润,湖区植被广泛发育;中期为1778～1860年,湖区处于小冰期末次阶段,气候环境寒冷而湿润,植被发育受阻;后期为1860年至今,为小冰期结束后偏暖干化时期。其中,后期又可分为3个亚阶段：1860～1924年,湖区气候环境稍暖且干旱,植被稍有发育;1924～1969年,湖区气候环境呈现偏冷干特点,植被发育暂缓;1969年至今,湖区气候回暖,环境干旱化有所缓解,植被开始逐渐发育。在气候冷暖变化上,该湖芯记录与古里雅冰芯记录和青海湖湖泊沉积记录都有较好的可对比性,只是在起讫年代上存在一些差异。 相似文献
8.
以青海湖东南部湖盆钻取的长475 cm沉积岩芯（QH 2005）为材料,基于6个层位14C年代（4个总有机碳（BOC）样品年代和2个木质素样品年代）建立了晚冰期以来QH 2005钻孔的“深度-年代”模型,并对BOC样品14C年代的硬水效应（732~2475年）进行了校正。挑选沉积物中成年介形虫（Limnocythere inopinata或Eucypris inflata）壳体,对其测定了δ18O值;同时测定了L. inopinata壳体体长,在此基础上利用经验公式定量恢复了青海湖湖水古盐度;此外还对QH 2005钻孔沉积物进行了红度指标的测定。结果表明:QH 2005孔沉积物红度和介形虫壳体δ18O指标所揭示的晚冰期以来气候演化模式与前人研究结果基本一致,而L. inopinata壳体体长定量重建的湖水古盐度只在较长时间尺度上（对应较大的湖水盐度变化）与气候演化模式较为一致,但在千/百年尺度上并不能很好指示气候突变事件,可见青海湖湖水盐度是L. inopinata壳体体长变化的一个重要影响因素,但并非唯一的决定性因素。 相似文献
9.
松辽盆地北部地层水同位素特征及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
盆地流体是沉积盆地中非常活跃的因子,盆地流体的水文地球化学特征主要是受控于流体-岩石相互作用。本文以松辽盆地北部为研究对象,基于地层水的水文地球化学特征、锶-氢-氧同位素数据分析,初步探讨了水-岩反应与锶-氢-氧同位素的关系。这一研究对于丰富同位素示踪、水-岩相互作用等基础理论具有重要研究意义。分析表明,位于盆地西部地区地层水明显受到古大气降水的影响,中央凹陷地区δ18O正偏移可能是由水岩作用加强引起的。地层水为大气水与原生沉积水的混合,较轻的δD值反映出原始沉积水属陆相沉积水。地层水的87Sr/86Sr值略低而Sr2+含量又较高,是高87Sr/86Sr值流体端元与低87Sr/86Sr值流体端元的混合,即地表来源水与深部水的混合,也更多地受到高Sr2+含量低87Sr/86Sr值的火山-地热水等幔源深部水的补给。 相似文献
10.
对大型湖泊盆地沉积物粒度组成进行研究,有助于解读全球致密油气和页岩油气勘探开发与其记录的古气候信息。
文章对青海湖沉积物粒度时空分布进行了详细的研究,通过采集覆盖大部分湖区的27根近现代沉积岩芯,并对湖心的三根
典型沉积岩芯进行了137Cs测定获取沉积岩芯的年龄;基于磁化率地层年龄模式,建立了整个湖区沉积岩芯的年代框架。粒
度分析结果显示,青海湖岩芯沉积物的粒度分布呈多峰,以细颗粒沉积为主,其中粉砂含量60%~70%,粘粒组分为10%~
35%,砂粒组分低于20%。青海湖沉积物的粒度变化在空间上相对较复杂,中值粒径呈现明显的砂岛附近、西部和西南湖
区高,其他湖区低的特征。在时间上,大体上自1960年到2017年呈现变粗的趋势,砂粒组分增多,粘粒组分减少。这些粒
度的时空变化可能是受风砂活动、流域土壤侵蚀、河流径流变化、湖平面变化和人类活动共同作用而成。 相似文献
11.
TIAN Fei WANG Yong ZHAO Zhili LI Yang DONG Jin LIU Jin LING Yuan YUAN Lupeng YE Mengni 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(4):1178-1186
A consensus on Holocene climate variability at the modern northern fringe of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) region remains elusive. Here, we present a pollen-based reconstruction of vegetation history and associated climate variations of a sediment core from Huangqihai Lake, central Inner Mongolia. During 10.7 to 8.8 cal kaBP, typical steppe with small patches of forest dominated the lake area, suggesting a moderately wet climate, followed by ameliorating climatic conditions until 8.0 cal kaBP as deduced by the expansion of forest. Typical steppe recovered the lake area between 8.0 and 7.2 cal kaBP, reflecting a deterioration of climatic conditions; in combination with other proxy records in the study region, we noticed that severe aridity was prevailed in the lake area between 8.0 and 7.6 cal kaBP. During 7.2 to 3.2 cal kaBP, abundant tree pollen indicated dominance of forest-steppe around the lake, marking regionally wet conditions. A notable absence of broadleaved trees after 5.2 cal kaBP reveals a slight drying trend, and climate deterioration from 4.5 to 4.1 cal kaBP might be linked to the 4.2 ka event. After 3.2 cal kaBP, a transition to steppe was associated with dry conditions in the region. Based on our pollen record and prior paleoclimatic reconstructions in the Huangqihai Lake region, there was a generally-accepted, stepwise shift to a wet climate during the early Holocene, an overall humid climate from 7.2 to 3.2 cal kaBP, and then severe drought for the rest of the Holocene. Moreover, regional comparisons among pollen records derived from lakes situated in the temperate steppe region suggested a roughly synchronous pattern of vegetation and climate changes during the Holocene and demonstrated an intensified EASM during the middle Holocene. 相似文献
12.
In this paper, the data on the paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes during the Holocene are presented and a discussion
is made on a 225-cm-long sediment core from Ulungur Lake, located in Northwest China. The chronology is constructed from six
AMS radiocarbon dates on the bulk organic matter. On the basis of the analysis of ostracod assemblages and the shell stable
isotopes, the core is divided into three paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental evolution stages: 9 985–5 250 cal.aB.P. stage
is the wettest phase of the core section. The climate changed from moderate-dry to cool-wet, and then to warm-wet in turn,
and the lake level rose accordingly, showing the characteristic of a high lake level. 5 250–1 255 cal.aB.P. stage was the
driest phase of the core sediment. The climate turned from the early warm-dry to the late warm-wet and the lake level fell
and rose again. Finally, the 1 255 cal.aB.P. stage was the medium stage of the section. The temperature was low and then increased
after the 1920s and the climate was dry. The whole climatic and environmental evolution records of Lake Ulungur were not only
in agreement with the sporopollen record of the same core but also in agreement with the record of environmental changes of
adjacent areas. It responded to regional environmental changes and global abrupt climate events, following the westerly climate
change mode on 100-year-scale, primarily with cold-wet and warmdry characteristics.
__________
Translated from Quaternary Sciences, 2007, 27(3):382–391 [译自:第四纪研究] 相似文献
13.
Jeremy H. Wei David B. Finkelstein Julie Brigham‐Grette Isla S. Castañeda Norbert Nowaczyk 《Sedimentology》2014,61(6):1793-1811
Marine Isotope Stage 11 has been proposed as an analogue for the present interglacial interval; yet, terrestrial climate records from both this region and time interval are rare. The sediments deposited at Lake El'gygytgyn (67°30′N, 172°5′E) in Far East Russia contain a 3·56 Ma record of climate variability. This study presents a high‐resolution record of sediment colour change from Marine Isotope Stage 8 to 12 (ca 275 to 475 ka) and demonstrates the link between lake catchment processes and climate variability. The hue colour parameter, calculated from data collected via colour reflectance spectroscopy in the visible spectrum (380 to 720 nm), exhibits correspondence with global climate records. Determining the source of sediment colour changes was achieved through detailed mineralogical and sedimentological methods, and linked to colour changes through a series of colour sensitivity tests. Mineralogical data, measured by X‐ray diffraction, reveal fluctuations in concentrations of clay minerals corresponding to colour changes. Further analyses of the clay mineral assemblages show no change in relative clay mineral abundances, yet demonstrate a lake catchment dominated by physical weathering processes. Using measured mineral abundances, reconstructions of sediment colour based on colour reflectance mineral standards link mineral and clay mineral content to overall sediment colour. Colour sensitivity tests demonstrate the ability of iron oxide minerals to stain sediments red. Additionally, colour sensitivity to organic matter content was tested, suggesting that organic content drives variability in the red portion of the spectrum and darkens the overall colour signal. Sediment colour is then ultimately linked to physical weathering of bedrock minerals, with small amounts of chemical weathering producing iron oxides during wet intervals. Fluctuations in the sediment colour reveal a high‐resolution record of wet/dry cycles, and provide new information about wet periods for the Russian Arctic region not yet understood from other lake proxy records. 相似文献
14.
文章对在青藏高原腹地可可西里地区的苟鲁错封闭湖盆中心部位获取深1m的湖底沉积岩芯进行137Cs,210Pb测年和高分辨率的碳酸盐含量、地球化学等方面的分析。结果表明:该湖泊沉积记录揭示出青藏高原腹地在近1000年时间尺度上气候变化的模式呈冷湿和温(暖)干组合为主。该岩芯覆盖了过去近1000年左右的时间尺度,其碳酸盐含量、元素地球化学的变化对中世纪暖期和小冰期的3次冷期和期间的多次暖期都有明显反映。从苟鲁错沉积记录来看,中世纪暖期的盛期处于公元1060～1140年;小冰期第1次冷期在公元1140～1340年,但在1250～1290年存在1次暖波动;第2次冷期在公元1510～1680年,但在1580～1590年和1610年左右存在暖波动;第3次冷期在公元1790～1900年;暖期主要在公元1340～1510年和1680～1790年间,但在公元1400年、1410年左右和1440～1480年间以及1710～1740年存在冷波动;20世纪暖期和全球记录相一致。该湖泊记录与古里雅冰芯记录和祁连山树轮记录以及我国东部气候历史记录都有较好的可对比性,只是在起迄年代上还存在一些差异有待深入研究。 相似文献
15.
文章对在青藏高原腹地可可西里地区的苟鲁错封闭湖盆中心部位获取深1m的湖底沉积岩芯进行137Cs,210Pb测年和高分辨率的碳酸盐含量、地球化学等方面的分析。结果表明:该湖泊沉积记录揭示出青藏高原腹地在近1000年时间尺度上气候变化的模式呈冷湿和温(暖)干组合为主。该岩芯覆盖了过去近1000年左右的时间尺度,其碳酸盐含量、元素地球化学的变化对中世纪暖期和小冰期的3次冷期和期间的多次暖期都有明显反映。从苟鲁错沉积记录来看,中世纪暖期的盛期处于公元1060～1140年;小冰期第1次冷期在公元1140～1340年,但在1250～1290年存在1次暖波动;第2次冷期在公元1510～1680年,但在1580～1590年和1610年左右存在暖波动;第3次冷期在公元1790～1900年;暖期主要在公元1340～1510年和1680～1790年间,但在公元1400年、1410年左右和1440～1480年间以及1710～1740年存在冷波动;20世纪暖期和全球记录相一致。该湖泊记录与古里雅冰芯记录和祁连山树轮记录以及我国东部气候历史记录都有较好的可对比性,只是在起迄年代上还存在一些差异有待深入研究。 相似文献
16.
沉积物岩芯的碳酸盐、石膏等蒸发盐含量和矿物组成的证据显示了新疆巴里坤湖末次间冰期以来一直是一个水位变化频繁的浅水盐湖,有时甚至为间歇式的湖泊,约在34000aB.P.前后巴里坤湖沉积相发生了显著的变化,34000aB.P.之前为泥坪-湖滨相沉积,34000aB．P．之后为成湖相沉积。尽管我们对巴里坤湖34000aB．P．前后的沉积相变难以理解,但是长期处于浅水状态的巴里坤湖沉积物中蒸发盐的含量和矿物组成仍然与气候变化密切相关。在泥坪-湖滨相形成的碳酸盐中白云石相对的增加是地表强烈蒸发的结果。以石膏为主的蒸发盐含量增加是温度和降水增加所致,而其含量减少则是冰川前进致使补给水矿化度降低造成的。这使我们获得了该区古气候变化并不服从于冰期与雨期同步模式的信息。 相似文献
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We analysed pollen from a sediment core from Fiddaun, a small Lateglacial lake basin in western Ireland. Results reflect the general Lateglacial vegetation development in Ireland, as reconstructed from other pollen records. The Fiddaun diagram shows a number of short‐lived regressive vegetation phases during the Interstadial. The close similarity between two pollen records from the same region (Fiddaun and Lurga) indicates that these fluctuations probably reflect regional rather than local changes. Comparison with a previously published climate reconstruction, based on a chironomid‐inferred mean July air temperature reconstruction, lithology, and oxygen and carbon isotopes of lake marl from the Fiddaun record, allowed us to establish the relationship between summer temperature and vegetation changes. Results reveal that two temporary regressive shifts in the pollen record correspond to cold oscillations, which have been correlated to Greenland Interstadial 1b and 1d. It seems that the first cold oscillation (GI‐1d) had the most distinct effect on vegetation in Ireland. In contrast, it appears that the transition from Juniperus shrubland and Empetrum heath to grassland, which is estimated at ～13.7 ka BP, was not caused by decreasing summer temperatures, as no substantial change is observed in the climate proxies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
We used a 55-cm sediment core from shallow Chaiwopu Lake in the central Tianshan Mountains of Xinjiang, northwest China, to investigate climate and environmental changes in this arid region over the past ~150 years. The core was dated using 137Cs. We compared temporal changes in several sediment variables with recent meteorological and tree-ring records. Organic matter had a positive correlation with the Palmer Drought Severity Index in the central Tianshan Mountains, and the δ13C of organic matter had a positive correlation with regional temperature. We applied constrained incremental sum-of-squares cluster analysis to element concentrations in the core and identified three distinct zones: (1) 55–46 cm, ~1860–1910, (2) 46–26 cm, ~1910–1952, and (3) 26–0 cm, 1952–present. Between 1880 and 1910 AD, following the Little Ice Age (LIA), the sediment environment was relatively stable, climate was cold and dry, and the lake water displayed high salinity, in contrast to conditions during the LIA. During the LIA, westerlies carried more water vapor into Central Asia when the North Atlantic Oscillation was in a negative phase, and encountered the enhanced Siberia High, which probably led to increased precipitation. In the period 1910–1950 AD, the lake was shallow and the regional climate was unstable, with high temperatures and humidity. In the last ~15–20 years, human activities caused an increase in sediment magnetic susceptibility, and heavy metal and total phosphorus concentrations in the sediment were substantially enriched. Mean annual temperature displays a warming trend over the past 50 years, and the lowest temperature was observed in the 1950s. There has been an increase in annual total precipitation since the 1990s. The combined influences of climate and human activity on the lake environment during this period were faithfully recorded in sediments of Chaiwopu Lake. This study provides a scientific basis for environmental management and protection. 相似文献
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湖泊是全球生态系统的重要组成部分。尽管湖泊初级生产力的生物多样性在湖泊生态系统中发挥着非常重要的作用,但对其如何在千年时间尺度上对气候变化做出响应却知之甚少,而千年时间尺度与预测未来变化最为相关。本文以云南云龙天池湖泊为研究对象,以湖泊重要的初级生产力硅藻为研究手段,分析了末次冰消期期间硅藻生物多样性对千年尺度上气候变化的响应。云龙天池硅藻生物多样性表现为暖期高、冷期低。随着全球温度的快速变化,硅藻生物多样性亦对应的快速响应:在转暖时(Bolling/Allerod暖期)快速增加,在转冷时(Herinrich 1和Younger Dryas)快速降低。这些变化主要与温度变化驱动的湖泊环境条件的变化(比如冰封期长短、边岸带水生植被的变化等)有关。研究结果还表明,在末次冰消期期间,云龙天池湖泊硅藻生物多样性与千年尺度的气候变化同步,而且在长时间尺度上,气候变暖对高山湖泊生物多样性可能是有利的。 相似文献