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1.
近年来,在羌塘盆地胜利河、长梁山、长蛇山、托纳木等地发现的油页岩为目前我国规模最大的海相油页岩矿床,具有重要的工业开采价值。海相油页岩的主要矿物成分为碳酸盐、粘土矿物和石英,并见有黄铁矿、石膏、菱镁矿等矿物。粘土矿物以伊利石为主,少量高岭石,不含蒙脱石。有机地球化学分析表明,这些油页岩的有机质丰度较高,有机质类型较好。胜利河油页岩TOC含量在4.31%~21.37%之间,均值为8.40%;托纳木油页岩的TOC含量也较高,最大值为25.68%,平均为9.32%;长梁山剖面油页岩的TOC含量在2.96%~23.47%之间,平均值为9.56%;长蛇山油页岩的TOC含量在4.53%~9.49%之间,平均值为7.74%。长蛇山油页岩干酪根类型主要为Ⅱ1型,少数为Ⅱ2和Ⅲ型;胜利河油页岩主要为Ⅱ1和Ⅱ2型干酪根,而托纳木油页岩的干酪根类型主要为Ⅱ1型和Ⅰ型。白垩系海相油页岩的形成受多方面因素控制,包括缺氧富氧状态、古生产力、古气候、粘土矿物的混积作用、古地形条件以及海平面变化等。其中,油页岩的总有机碳含量(TOC)与古环境元素指标Mo、V存在较强的相关关系,相关系数分别为0.975和0.917,而与古生产力指标P/Ti、Ba/Al之间为弱相关或无相关关系,相关系数分别为0.481和-0.739。因此,本文认为海相油页岩的形成以"保存模式"为主,有机质沉积时的水体环境对高有机质含量的油页岩的形成起主导作用,并在此基础上建立了海相油页岩的形成演化模式。 相似文献
2.
提要：北羌塘盆地长蛇山油页岩位于目前中国最大规模的胜利河—长蛇山海相油页岩带北东,长蛇山南麓,其剖面主要岩性为油页岩、泥晶灰岩、黑色页岩和泥灰岩。本文通过对20件样品进行多项地球化学指标测试,详细评价了长蛇山油页岩剖面烃源岩的有机质丰度、类型及成熟度等指标,并分析了其沉积环境。结果表明：长蛇山油页岩的生烃潜力最好,其次为黑色页岩和泥晶灰岩。总有机碳含量在烃源岩中为0.41%~9.49%,平均为4.02%,在油页岩内含量最高,达到4.53%~9.49%,平均为7.74%;氯仿沥青“A”含量为0.0252%~0.3403%,在油页岩内平均为0.27%,总体为中等—较好烃源岩;有机元素和有机显微组分分析显示干酪根类型以Ⅱ1型为主,少数为Ⅱ2和Ⅲ型;Ro的分布范围为1.08%~1.43%,平均值为1.27%,有机质热演化程度为成熟—过成熟,且在垂向上有机质演化程度逐渐变高。该剖面的烃源岩沉积于盐度较高的还原环境,有机质母质主要以低等水生生物为主。 相似文献
3.
内蒙古西北部宝音图群Sm—Nd和Rb—Sr地质年代学研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
内蒙古西北部的宝音图群由角闪岩相的变质地层组成。该群中斜长角闪片岩的Sm-Nd全岩等时线年龄为2485±128Ma,可代表宝音图群的形成年龄。等时线的ε_(Nd)(t)值为2.73±2.81,说明岩浆来源于亏损的地幔源区。相同样品的Rb-Sr全岩等时线年龄为623±36Ma,显然反映后期Rb-Sr体系重新均一化的强烈影响,因此该年龄被解释为变质年龄。上述结果表明宝音图群形成于古元古代早期,应属华北板块北缘已知的最古老岩石地层单位,并保留了新元古代末期构造—变质事件的记录。这些认识有助于查明华北板块北缘元古宙构造演化的历史。 相似文献
4.
松辽盆地东南隆起区增深3井上白垩统青山口组油页岩特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为近一步了解松辽盆地东南隆起区上白垩统青山口组油页岩特征,对该地区新钻井增深3井青山口组全取芯井段进行了详细的岩芯观察、取样与测试等单井分析。结果表明:研究区增深3井青山口组共发育5层油页岩,主要形成于半深-深湖沉积环境,油页岩单层最厚达5 m;含油率为3.50%~7.34%,平均为4.73%;发热量分布范围为1 928.68~4 537.08 J/g,平均为2 691.42 J/g;灰分含量为82.65%~87.56%,平均为85.02%;全硫含量为0.59%~4.08%,平均为1.40%,为高灰分、低发热量、低硫、中--低品质油页岩。其中含油率与发热量、有机碳含量呈明显的正相关性,与灰分含量呈明显的负相关性,表明发热量、有机碳和灰分含量可作为油页岩含油率良好的替代指标。对油页岩段的测井曲线分析显示,油页岩层较泥岩具有高声波时差、高电阻率、低密度的特征,可作为识别油页岩的辅助标志。通过对样品岩石热解参数进行分析,表明油页岩中的有机质类型主要为Ⅰ型,其次为Ⅱ型,有机质成熟度处于未熟-低熟阶段。 相似文献
5.
海南岛古生代岩石Rb-Sr年代学和氧同位素研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
海南岛抱板群上部混合片麻岩和混合花岗岩的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为600.8Ma,上部混合片麻岩和斜长角闪岩的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为470.1Ma;岳岭群黑色板岩的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为537Ma。抱板群是寒武—奥陶纪地层在海西期经历区域变质作用形成的。岛上广泛分布的似斑状花岗质岩石的Rb-Sr全岩等时线年龄为320.7Ma;岩石-矿物内部等时线年龄为316.4Ma。它们是由52.3％地壳硅铝质岩石和47.7％地下壳基性岩石所构成。 相似文献
6.
罗子沟盆地油页岩赋存于下白垩统大砬子组二段,埋藏浅,地层倾角缓,含油率为3.51%～14.37%。油页岩具有典型内陆湖泊成因特点,含有大量动植物化石,其成因类型为腐泥型(Ⅰ型)和腐植腐泥型(Ⅱ1型)。大砬子组为一个完整的三级层序,主要油页岩层形成在水进体系域和高水位体系域,含油率高,赋存稳定。从平面上,油页岩富矿中心在CK26、CK30、CK35、CK40孔附近,呈东西向带状分布;在纵向上,共见有29层油页岩,其中有7层为可采油页岩层,2层和3层油页岩呈层状产出,连续、稳定、含油率高,具有巨大的经济开发价值。 相似文献
7.
胜利河油页岩位于北羌塘盆地与中央隆起之间的过渡带上,呈北西西—南东东向展布,长约30km,赋矿地层为上侏罗—下白垩统海相碳酸盐岩,其上被厚层膏岩盐覆盖。油页岩有3—7层,薄者0.1m,厚者2.37 m,一般为0.4~1.2 m。工业分析数据表明油页岩属低灰分、中低含油率、低发热量型。油页岩有机碳质量分数为4.31%~21.37%,平均值为9.76%,丰度较高;生烃潜量w(S1+S2)为5.66~111.1mg/g,均值为40.17 mg/g,生烃潜力较好。镜检显示油页岩有机质类型为腐殖腐泥型(Ⅱ1)和腐泥腐殖型(Ⅱ2),镜质体反射率(Ro)值为0.37%~0.9%,均值为0.58%,说明油页岩有机质处于未成熟—低成熟阶段。在稳定的构造背景和湿热的气候条件下,油页岩形成于碳酸盐局限台地泻湖相还原和具有盐度分层特征的水体中,之后,气候变得炎热干燥。 相似文献
8.
综合利用野外露头及岩芯观察,岩石矿物组合、有机地球化学和工业分析等资料,对梅河盆地梅河组上含煤段煤与油页岩成矿特征进行深入分析。研究表明,油页岩与煤相比,具有较低的挥发分及有机碳含量,较高的灰分。煤层顶板油页岩与煤层底板油页岩相比,具有较高的挥发分及有机碳含量,较低的灰分。油页岩有机质类型为Ⅰ-Ⅱ_2型,其中,煤层底板油页岩主要为Ⅰ型,煤层顶板油页岩主要为Ⅱ_1-Ⅱ_2型;煤的有机质类型主要为Ⅱ_2-Ⅲ型。梅河组上含煤段发育于盆地萎缩阶段,含煤、油页岩岩系主要发育于扇三角洲前缘-浅湖-沼泽沉积环境,煤与油页岩的成矿序列形成于与沼泽有密切成因联系的浅湖环境,主控因素为浅湖时期的湖平面或沼泽时期的潜水面。 相似文献
9.
10.
藏北羌塘盆地胜利河-长蛇山油页岩带的发现及其意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
最近在北羌塘长蛇山地区新发现了晚侏罗世—早白垩世油页岩及膏盐层,该油页岩与近年来笔者在胜利河地区发现的多处油页岩连成一片,构成了目前中国发现的最大规模的海相油页岩带。详细的野外地质调查与研究表明：该油页岩有机碳含量介于4.31%~16.89%之间,焦油含量为3.5%～16.3%,油页岩有机质大多处于成熟阶段。胜利河-长蛇山油页岩带及与其密切共生的膏盐层的发现,丰富了羌塘盆地烃源岩的类型,为羌塘盆地油气地质条件评价提供了新的依据。 相似文献
11.
石灰岩铼-锇同位素分析方法研究及应用初探 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
针对石灰岩样品Re-Os同位素分析,在选样和溶样方法上进行了改进,在Carius管封闭前加入HCl与石灰岩反应释放出大量CO2,然后加入氧化剂和稀释剂封闭Carius管溶解样品,大大增加了样品取样量。利用改进的方法对采自青海玉树地区二叠世九十道班组底部的灰黑色微细晶灰岩的Re-Os同位素体系进行了分析测定,得到了精确的沉积年龄(283.1±7.1)Ma(MSWD=0.61,Model1,n=7)。187Os/188Os同位素初始值为0.56±0.12,与二叠纪时海水的187Os/188Os值相一致,反映了石灰岩沉积时海水的187Os/188Os比值。所得石灰岩年龄与其中的生物化石年龄相吻合,并且与区域上岩浆岩锆石年龄相互印证,表明Re-Os同位素体系在该石灰岩中的封闭性较好。通过石灰岩中有机碳含量以及其中Re、Os含量关系研究,得出了Re、Os在灰岩中主要赋存于有机质中的结论。从原理上解释了Re-Os同位素体系在灰岩中的应用具有十分广泛的前景。 相似文献
12.
13.
Robert A Creaser Poulomi Sannigrahi Thomas ChackoDavid Selby 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2002,66(19):3441-3452
Re-Os isotopic analyses of a single organic-rich sedimentary rock unit (ORS) of known depositional age, and at three levels of regional hydrocarbon maturity, show that hydrocarbon maturation does not affect the ability the 187Re-187Os chronometer to yield a depositional age for such rocks. We present Re-Os isotope analyses from the Late Devonian Exshaw Formation in the subsurface of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, Alberta, and obtain a Re-Os isochron age of 358 ± 10 Ma (2σ, Model 3, λ = 1.666 × 10−11.a−1) for samples ranging from hydrocarbon immature to overmature. This age is within uncertainty of the established absolute age for the Exshaw Formation. Hydrocarbon immature, and mature plus overmature samples show no significant age differences if regressed individually, indicating that hydrocarbon maturation did not greatly disturb the Re-Os isotope system in the Exshaw Formation. As such, we propose that the Re-Os geochronometer may be used as a reliable tool for measuring the depositional ages of ORS regardless of their level of hydrocarbon maturity. We find that minimizing natural variation in the initial 187Os/188Os ratio is more important than avoiding hydrocarbon maturation in obtaining precise Re-Os ages. In particular, the Exshaw Formation appears to contain a nonhydrogenous component of unradiogenic Os, in addition to the hydrogenous Os load. A subset of Exshaw Formation samples with >5% total organic carbon (TOC), which should best reflect the hydrogenous Os load alone, yields a very well-fitted isochron having a depositional age of 358 ± 9 Ma (2σ, λ = 1.666 × 10−11.a−1) with an initial 187Os/188Os ratio of 0.59 ± 0.05 (Model 3, Mean Square of Weighted Deviates (MSWD) = 1.8). The initial 187Os/188Os ratio of this regression may provide an estimate of the Os isotopic composition of local seawater at the time of deposition. 相似文献
14.
Re-Os isotopes were used to constrain the source of the ore-forming elements of the Tharsis and Rio Tinto mines of the Iberian
Pyrite Belt, and the timing of mineralization. The pyrite from both mines has simila]r Os and Re concentrations, ranging between
0.05–0.7 and 0.6–66 ppb, respectively. 187Re/188Os ratios range from about 14 to 5161. Pyrite-rich ore samples from the massive ore of Tharsis and two samples of stockwork
ore from Rio Tinto yield an isochron with an age of 346 ± 26 Ma, and an initial 187Os/188Os ratio of about 0.69. Five samples from Tharsis yield an age of 353 ± 44 Ma with an initial 187Os/188Os ratio of about 0.37. A sample of massive sulfide ore from Tharsis and one from Rio Tinto lie well above both isochrons
and could represent Re mobilization after mineralization. The pyrite Re-Os ages agree with the paleontological age of 350 Ma
of the black shales in which the ores are disseminated. Our data do not permit us to determine whether the Re-Os isochron
yields the original age of ore deposition or the age of the Hercynian metamorphism that affected the ores. However, the reasonable
Re-Os age reported here indicates that the complex history of the ores that occurred after the severe metamorphic event that
affected the Iberian Pyrite Belt massive sulfide deposits did not fundamentally disturb the Re-Os geochronologic system. The
highly radiogenic initial Os isotopic ratio agrees with previous Pb isotopic studies. If the initial ratio is recording the
initial and not the metamorphic conditions, then the data indicate that the source of the metals was largely crustal. The
continental margin sediments that underlie the deposits (phyllite-quartzite group) or the volcanic rocks (volcanogenic-sedimentary
complex) in which the ores occur are plausible sources for the ore-forming metals and should constrain the models for the
genesis of these deposits.
Received: 15 March 1999 / Accepted: 26 July 1999 相似文献
15.
从贵州铜仁西溪堡矿区新元古界大塘坡组第一段“含锰岩系”中选取8件黄铁矿样品,对其进行了Re-Os同位素分析。结果表明其等时限年龄为(459±16)Ma,明显晚于间冰期大塘坡组的沉积时代（670～635 Ma）,表明该地区受加里东晚期的构造热事件影响。此次所分析的所有样品均具有高Re、低Os含量、高Re/Os比值及高187Os/188Os同位素比值,且187Os/188Os初始值为1.02±0.41,明显大于地幔特征值（0.12～0.13）,指示成矿物质来源于壳源。 相似文献
16.
石墨Re-Os同位素分析及其在成矿年代学中的初步运用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文探索性地对江西省铅山县长寿源铅锌共生的晶质石墨进行了Re-Os同位素分析。研究结果显示石墨的Re-Os同位素年龄为424±25Ma(n=7,MSWD=7.8),与该区二云二长花岗岩中锆石的年龄(433±9Ma)在误差范围内相一致,说明石墨的成因与区域上岩浆的侵入存在密切联系。Re的含量介于47×10-9～330×10-9之间,普通Os和187Os的含量分别为0.32×10-9～2.15×10-9和0.27×10-9～1.75×10-9,相对于Re、Os在地壳中的丰度显著富集,Os同位素初始比值187Os/188Os=1.69±0.29,表明石墨来源于富有机质沉积地层。通过测定石墨样品中的有机碳和固定碳,对Re、Os在石墨中的赋存状态进行了研究,表明Re、Os可能是以某种形式赋存在石墨的固定碳中,与其中有机质无关。从原理上解释了石墨的Re-Os同位素年龄反映的是使沉积地层中的炭质变质为石墨,并发生富集迁移的岩浆热变质事件的时期。研究表明石墨的Re-Os同位素分析技术不仅能够为变质作用时间的精确测定提供新的方法,而且对矿床成因的研究也具有重要意义。 相似文献
17.
The black shale series that formed in the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition are important stratigraphic records of the co-evolution of the paleo-ocean, -climate, and -biology. In this study, we measured Re–Os isotopic compositions of the black shale in the Niutitang Formation from the Gezhongwu section in Zhijin, Guizhou Province. The samples had high Re and Os contents, with Re ranging from 21.27 to 312.78 ng/g and Os ranging from 0.455 to 7.789 ng/g. The Re–Os isotope isochron age of 522.9 ± 8.6 Ma implies deposition of the Niutitang black shale predated the Chengjiang Fauna, providing an age constraint for the expansion of oceanic anoxia in the study area. The initial 187Os/188Os ratio of 0.826 ± 0.026 indicates that enhanced continental weathering might have triggered the expansion of the oceanic anoxia. 相似文献
18.
吐克吐克铜矿为笔者新发现,产于新疆西准噶尔构造带南部,成矿时代尚缺乏精确的同位素年代学制约。该矿床硫化物组合单一,主要为黄铜矿。本文选择了8件黄铜矿样品,进行Re-Os法定年。结果得到了较好的效果,所有样品的Re含量为39.7×10~(-12)~2440.6×10~(-12),~(187)Os含量为1.2×10~(-12)~9.0×10~(-12),给出的等时线年龄为288.3±8.8Ma。这表明该区Cu的成矿作用与晚石炭世—早二叠世区域峰期岩浆活动一致,证实该区仍存在较大找矿空间。 相似文献
19.
陕西洛南县石家湾钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄及地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
陕西石家湾钼矿床位于东秦岭成矿带西段黄龙铺地区,钼矿化呈细脉-网脉状分布于花岗斑岩体及其围岩中,与矿化有关的围岩蚀变有钾长石化、硅化、绢云母化,属斑岩型矿床.在矿床中选取不同矿化类型的辉钼矿样品,进行了Re～Os同位素定年,获得模式年龄变化范围为143.1±2.1～145.1±2.2 Ma之间,其加权平均年龄(144.0±1.1 Ma,MSWD=0.91)、等时线年龄(145.4±2.1 Ma,MSWD=0.83)与石家湾斑岩体的成岩年龄(141.4±0.6Ma)相近,说明成岩成矿作用发生在晚侏罗世一早白垩世.综合辉钼矿中Re的含量、硫同位素以及相关岩体的源区特征等多方面证据认为,石家湾斑岩型钼矿的成矿物质主要来自于下地壳,并混有少量幔源成分. 相似文献
20.
Rhenium and osmium isotopes in sulfide minerals from the Bagdad porphyry Cu–Mo deposit have been used to determine timing of mineralization and the source of osmium and, by inference, ore metals. Molybdenite, chalcopyrite and pyrite were analyzed mainly from the quartz monzonite and porphyritic quartz monzonite units, which are characterized by moderate to strong potassic alteration (secondary biotite and K-feldspar). Rhenium concentrations in molybdenite are between 330 and 642 ppm. Four Re–Os analyses of two molybdenite samples from the quartz monzonite and porphyritic quartz monzonite yield a weighted average age of 71.8±0.2 Ma (2s). Analyses of a third sample from a molybdenite vein in Precambrian rocks, outside of the main ore zone, yield a weighted average age of 75.9±0.2 Ma (2s), and provide evidence of two separate mineralization episodes. Chalcopyrite samples contain 6 to 12 ppt Os and 1.7 to 4.1 ppb Re; 187Os/ 188Os initial ratios are between 0.1 and 0.8. Pyrite samples have osmium and rhenium concentrations varying in the range 8–17 ppt and 3.9–6.8 ppb, respectively. Analyses from these pyrite samples yield an eight-point isochron with an age of 77±15 Ma (2s) and an initial 187Os/ 188Os ratio of 2.1±0.8 (MSWD=0.90). The results presented here add to the growing body of work indicating that porphyry-type mineralization is produced by long-term, multiple episodes of magmatism and associated mineralization. The data also support the hypothesis that a significant part of the metals and magmas may have a crustal source, as has been suggested for other copper deposits and districts in Arizona. 相似文献