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1.
“皮壳—葡萄状”白云岩是一种非常特殊结构的白云岩。文中报道了塔里木盆地西北缘东二沟及塔北星火101井上震旦统奇格布拉克组中皮壳—葡萄状白云岩特征,并对其成因进行了探讨。皮壳状—葡萄状白云石中发育明、暗纤状白云石或纹层条带的含少量细晶的纤状—细粒状白云石以及肾状和葡萄状粉细晶白云石;由球形、杆形、孢子形等蓝细菌构成泡沫状结构;明暗、环带状橙红色光或中等橙红色光、核部发光较暗或不发光;与基质白云石相比,葡萄—皮壳状白云石δ 13 C PDB δ 18 O PDB δ 18 O PDB δ 13 C PDB δ 18 O PDB δ 13 C PDB
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《古地理学报》2017,(2)
近年来,随着对微生物白云石模式研究的不断深入,为解释"白云石问题"提供了新思路。前人对微生物白云石成因研究侧重于微生物对未固结沉积物的改造,即有机准同生白云石化作用,这与实验室中以微生物为媒介形成的"有机原生白云石"在成因机理上存在差异。笔者将微生物白云石机理引入湖相原生白云石成因解释中,认为在湖水—沉积物交界处也会发生微生物成因的原生白云石沉淀,即有机原生白云石。湖水与沉积物交界处的微环境存在明显区别,总体可分为有氧和缺氧2种亚环境,不同亚环境中生活有不同的微生物群落。根据湖泊亚环境特性和微生物种类及其在白云石形成过程中所发挥的作用,可以区分出细菌有氧氧化模式、硫酸盐还原模式和产甲烷模式3种微生物白云石模式。不同模式对应于不同的湖泊环境:细菌有氧氧化模式主要发生于有氧、高Mg/Ca值的咸水/盐湖环境;硫酸盐还原模式主要发生于缺氧、高Mg/Ca值的咸水/盐湖环境;产甲烷模式主要发生于缺氧、低Mg/Ca值的淡水/咸水湖环境。另外,还探讨了pH值变化、SO_4~(2-)的存在和硫化物对镁水合物脱水的影响以及微生物白云石沉淀的环境因子。对微生物成因的原生白云石模式的深入认识,将为湖相白云石成因研究提供新的理论基础和研究思路。 相似文献
3.
草海位于黔滇交界,主要受印度夏季风的影响,其湖沼沉积物记录了中—晚第四纪的环境变化历史,是研究第四纪环境和季风演变的良好载体。本研究选取的南屯NT03钻孔,岩心长405 cm,在放射性碳同位素(AMS14C)测年基础上建立了年代序列,并进行了沉积物的色差值(L*)、烧失量(LOI550)、总有机碳(TOC)、碳氮比(C/N)和有机稳定碳同位素(δ 13 C org δ 13 C org δ 13 C org
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阿尔金成矿带具有较大的金、铜、铅、锌等矿种找矿潜力,但因其自然环境恶劣,常规地质手段较难顺利开展野外调查工作。中国地质调查局“阿尔金成矿带矿产资源遥感综合调查”项目,以遥感技术为手段,综合利用高空间分辨率、多(高)光谱分辨率遥感数据,制作了高分辨率遥感影像图; 完成了不同尺度地层-构造遥感解译; 开展了Fe3+、Al-OH、Mg-OH和CO 3 2 -
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大气硝酸盐（包括颗粒态硝酸盐和气态硝酸）是一种重要的含氮物质,在北冰洋氮的生物地球化学循环中起着重要作用。然而,目前关于北冰洋上大气硝酸盐形成机制的研究较少,限制了对该地区氮氧化物（NOX）到硝酸盐相关大气化学过程的理解。作为2012年夏季中国第五次北极科学考察的内容之一,本研究采集了科考航线上的大气气溶胶样品,并对北冰洋航段（62.3°~74.7° N）上样品中硝酸盐的氮氧同位素（δ15N,δ17O和δ18O）进行了分析以研究该区域大气硝酸盐的形成过程。观测到的Δ17O（NO
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苏里格气田苏77区块二叠系下统山西组二段发育自北向南的曲流河，各气层组沉积特征比较一致。但是山西组二段山 2 1 山 2 2 山 2 3 山 2 1 山 2 2 山 2 3 山 2 1 山 2 2 山 2 3
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碳酸盐岩微相分析有利于认识沉积相展布特征和古地理演化规律,对油气勘探具有指导意义。通过大量薄片、岩心资料在鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马五5亚段划分出MFT1—MFT7七种沉积微相类型及MA1—MA4四种沉积微相序列,沉积微相与生物遗迹化石指示马五5亚段为潮坪环境。结合沉积前古地形及古海平面变化信息,以单因素图件为基础,采用优势相法编制马五5 2 5 1 5 1
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海洋沉积物的早期成岩作用是其沉积和埋藏过程中发生的一系列生物、物理和化学变化,其驱动力为有机质的降解,根据反应自由能大小,参与反应的氧化剂顺序为:O2>NO3 - 4 2 -
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页岩储层中的有机质不仅是生成烃类的核心要素,也是生成孔隙的关键因素。前人对于有机质类型的评价表明,不同有机质类型的生烃及成孔能力差异明显。但前人对于有机质类型的识别及评价工作主要以有机地球化学的方式进行有损测试,因此无法在显微尺度上定量评价有机质的类型及含量分布。以四川盆地威远气田志留系龙马溪组页岩储层为例,基于二维大区域多尺度组合电镜成像（MAPS）表征技术重点对有机质富集的龙一1亚段,进行有机质显微组分的图像识别,并运用显微组分分析法定量判别有机质类型,解析其垂向分布规律。研究表明:龙一1亚段有机质类型以Ⅰ型和Ⅱ1型干酪根为主,其中Ⅱ1型干酪根占主导地位;有机质类型在龙一1亚段层间分布主要受控于沉积环境的差异,其中龙 一 1 1 龙 一 1 3 龙 一 1 2 龙 一 1 4
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通过研究马五段去白云石化作用的成因及发生模式,可进一步了解鄂尔多斯盆地南部奥陶系碳酸盐岩储集层成岩和物性的演化。通过岩心与薄片的观察,结合地球化学方法,和对白云岩的碳、氧同位素与微量元素的测定,分析了去白云石化作用成因及成岩演化过程,并结合物性资料分析去白云石化作用对储集层的影响,建立了研究区去白云石化的作用模式。结合样品的碳氧同位素和微量元素特征显示:M51+2含石膏结核的白云岩层段普遍受淡水淋滤作用影响,但只有部分层段发生淡水淋滤成因的去白云石化作用,Th/U、Th/Cr、Cr/Zr与Y/Ho特征表明由于淡水淋滤作用,大气淡水溶解陆源花岗岩类物质并携带陆源泥质灌入岩层。淡水淋滤去白云石化作用流体Ca2+源来自溶解蒸发岩(膏盐层)和石膏结核, 源来自表生期白云石化作用方解石分解,流体主要运移通道为溶蚀缝和缝合线;作用过程分为表生—浅埋藏期的交代过程和浅埋藏期的胶结过程,富Ca2+和 大气淡水流至运移通道末端,沿晶间缝下渗,造成白云石的选择性溶蚀和方解石对其的等体积交代,方解石胶结物填充晶间孔、缝和裂隙,使白云岩物性变差。 相似文献
11.
Carbon dioxide is a common and important component in fluid inclusions. Because carbon isotopic ratio of CO2 in fluid inclusion can provide geochemical characteristics of source rocks, many works have been conducted to measure the carbon isotopic ratio (13C/12C) of CO2. In general, carbon isotopic composition (13C/12C) of CO2 fluid inclusions are measured by mass spectroscopy. However, mass spectroscopy is a destructive analytical technique, and can not be applied to measure single inclusion. Raman spectroscopy is an efficient non-contact and non-destructive method, and has been widely employed in many research fields. In fact, due to the difference of carbon atom mass, the Femi resonance of 13CO2 is lower than that of 12CO2, so they can be identified in Raman spectrum. In principle, the carbon isotopic composition (13CO2/12CO2) in CO2 is closely related to the Raman intensity ratio between 13CO2 and 12CO2 (I + 13 I + 12
12.
以柴达木盆地英西地区下干柴沟组上段（E 3 2 E 3 2
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Liu Yi&#x nan Sun Fengxia Cui Yueju Pan Xiaodong Ma Mingzhi Zhang Xin Du Jianguo 《地球科学进展》2017,32(8):810-817
The hydrochemical types and origins of underground water in Songyuan and vicinity, Liaoning Province were discussed based on the hydrochemical composition, δD and δ18O. The water samples from eight wells were collected 4 times during 2014 to 2015. The main ion concentrations of water were analyzed with an Ion Chromatography. Isotopic compositions of hydrogen and oxygen were analyzed with the Liquid Water Isotope Analyzer. The mineralization (TDS) of the water ranged from 125.4 mg/L to 19 350.9 mg/L. Values of δD and δ18O ranged from -71.7‰ to -98.1‰ and from -9.0‰ to -12.5‰, respectively. The isotopic data indicated that the water originated from meteorological precipitation. The chemical compositions of Taolaizhao phreatic water were influenced by the human activity while the other water samples collected from artesian well were less affected by the human activity. Water in Changling, Dongdashi, Taohaotai, Qianan and Ningjiang were characterized by HCO3-Na with low TDS values. Such chemical types of water with fluctuations of Na+, SO 4 2 -
14.
江汉盆地潜江凹陷潜江组赋存有丰富的地下卤水,因其有较高的经济价值,是江汉盆地油气资源之外的又一种重要的战略资源。然而,长期的油田注水开采也对地下卤水产生了一定的影响,为进一步评估这种影响并探讨地下卤水微量元素的分布情况,通过采集和分析潜江组第一至第四卤水组的地下卤水样品开展其地球化学特征和分布规律的研究。结果表明,潜江凹陷潜江组地下卤水受油田生产影响,虽然普遍发生了淡化,但仍然拥有较高的TDS含量,淡化影响有限。卤水储层从上至下,第一卤水组至第四卤水组,随着深度的增加,硫酸钠亚型卤水和碳酸盐型水逐渐变少,氯化物型水逐渐增多。尽管区内地下卤水普遍经受油田注水生产的影响,但是卤水中Li、B、Br等元素依然保持较高的含量,大部分样品达到或超过边界工业品位,尤其以第二、第三卤水Li、B、Br品位较高,第四卤水组次之,第一卤水组最低。潜江凹陷地下卤水样品的钠氯系数接近于1,具备溶滤卤水特征,属于非海相地层的卤水,氯溴系数分析揭示区内现存地下卤水是溶滤卤水和沉积卤水混合以后的结果,卤水的脱硫系数和钙镁系数反映卤水的储集空间封闭性相对较差,凹陷内从第一至第三下卤水储集体的空间的封闭性逐渐变好,第四卤水组略变差。平面上,Li、B、Br具有相似的分布特征,凹陷内,卤水的浓集中心从下至上具有明显的迁移特征,钟市、浩子口、王场、周矶所围限的区域是高浓度卤水分布中心地带,其分布明显受控于卤水储集体的分布。 相似文献
15.
古物源体系是深时“源—汇”系统研究的重要环节。随着沉积学理论和技术的发展,物源示踪的表征方法已从单一迈向综合、由定性走向定量,这将有助于更全面地揭示母岩发育特征、物源区构造背景、沉积物路径系统等,进而建立更可靠的古物源体系发育模式。碎屑锆石U-Pb定年等多方法物源体系表征研究表明,沾化凹陷渤南洼陷沙四下亚段（E s 4 x
16.
The distribution of frozen soil in our country is very broad, and the area of permafrost alone accounts for 22. 4% of the total land area. As a special kind of soil, frozen soil has many properties that thawing soil does not have due to the influence of ice cement in the soil. Among the many properties of frozen soil, the deformation and strength of frozen soil are the basic problems affecting engineering construction in frozen soil areas. The spherical template indenter test is widely used in the test of the mechanical properties of frozen soil because of its simple test process and relatively accurate test results. Compared with the conventional triaxial test or direct shear test, the test process of the spherical template indenter test is simple and easy to implement, the test period is short, and the sample preparation requirements are low. The advantage of effective cohesion is more significant. Therefore, based on the spherical template indenter test of the frozen soil, this paper estimates the strength and mechanical index of the soil through the indentation depth of the spherical template indenter test, and establishes the relationship between the force of the sample and the indentation depth of the indenter test. The specific test method is as follows:take the water-saturated frozen sandy soil made of different particle size groups(the moisture content of the sample is affected by the particle size in the saturated state)as the research object, study the variation law of the depth of the frozen soil sample pressed into the soil by the spherical indenter with time under the conditions of different fixed loads. By comparing and referring to the frozen sands of each particle size group, the long-term equivalent cohesion of the frozen sands of different particle size groups is summarized. The change law of force(long-term shear strength)with time, and the research method of elastic mechanics to solve space problems, summed up the mutual conversion between the depth St of spherical template indenters pressed into frozen sand samples under different fixed load test conditions relation. The research results show that the long-term shear strength of frozen sand based on the spherical mold test is positively correlated with its particle size. At the same time, since the ice content of frozen soil samples is proportional to its particle size, the long-term shear strength of frozen sand is also proportional to the test. The ice content of the sample increases year-on-year;the long-term shear strength of the frozen sand is related to the maximum contact pressure on the contact surface between the frozen soil and the indenter during the test, which can be expressed as Ct = γq0. The size of the relationship coefficient γ is inversely proportional to the diameter of the spherical indenter. In this paper, the spherical indenter is selected as 22 mm, and γ=3. 82×10-3. By establishing the relationship between the maximum contact pressure q0 and the long-term shear strength Ct When the maximum contact pressure q0 is the same under different fixed loads, the long-term shear strength Ct is also the same. According to this, the depth curve and the freezing depth of the frozen sand pressed into the soil by the spherical indenter over time under different fixed loads can be converted. Long-term shear strength curve of frozen sandy soil with time. It has been verified by experiments that the conversion curve of the depth of the indenter pressed into the soil with time under a fixed load of 7. 0 kg is highly consistent with the measured curve of the depth of the indenter pressed into the soil with time under a fixed load of 5. 1 kg and 7. 0 kg. © 2022 Nanjing Forestry University. All rights reserved. 相似文献