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1.
新甘交界红柳河地区二叠纪玄武岩年代学、地球化学及构造意义 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
新甘交界红柳河地区二叠系剖面中发育有块状和枕状玄武岩,激光ArAr定年确定的玄武岩形成时间在280～300Ma之间;玄武岩SiO_2含量为44.71%～49.27%,Mg~#为42.4～52.4,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i为0.703834～0.706819,(~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd)_i为0.518861～0.5121220,ε_(Nd)(t)为-3.01～3.67。玄武岩微量元素、稀土元素和Sr-Nd同位素均显示出与OIB性质相似的特征。其弱富集的不相容元素和轻稀土元素,显示出源区富集的特点。而Zr/Nb(14.63)和Th/U(2.83)则指示岩浆中可能有少量循环原始地幔和亏损地幔物质的加入。综合对比北山南部柳园地区二叠纪玄武岩源区特征,提出红柳河地区早二叠世OIB型玄武岩主要来源于北山地区晚古生代裂谷带下伏已被不同程度改造的富集地幔。 相似文献
2.
中亚造山带中新生代壳幔相互作用特征与过程——新疆北部幔源岩浆岩系对比研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
新疆北部中新生代幔源岩浆岩多位于大型走滑断裂带或者裂谷带附近,岩石系列均具有高的TiO_2含量,富碱、高度富集不相容元素和轻稀土(LREE),ε_(Nd)(t)值低正值到负值,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i值较高,不相容元素比值La/Nb和Nb/U显示中新生代玄武岩浆在形成过程中的壳幔作用明显不同于古生代造山过程,岩浆来源于类似OIB源的富集地幔。而新疆北部地区的二叠纪幔源镁铁-超镁铁岩来源于亏损地幔,陆壳物质参与了岩浆的形成,源区可能混入了早期的弧组分或俯冲的洋壳。由于古生代多个洋盆闭合和增生造山作用致使中亚造山带的岩石圈不断增厚,于古生代晚期发生拆沉去根作用,软流圈亏损地幔上涌形成二叠纪镁铁-超镁铁岩系,而拆沉的岩石圈以及俯冲下沉的洋壳及其沉积物,在地幔环境熔融交代改造原始地幔,使中亚地区的地幔自古生代晚期以后逐渐转换为整体富碱、富含轻稀土(LREE)和不相容元素的富集地幔。被改造了的富集地幔在中新生代沿裂谷带或大型走滑断裂薄弱带上涌,形成了中新生代幔源岩浆的喷发和侵位。 相似文献
3.
内蒙古四子王旗早白垩世钾玄岩的地球化学特征及其形成构造环境 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
内蒙古四子王旗地区发现有一套早白垩世钾玄岩。主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素以及 Sr-Nd 同位素测试结果表明,岩石以低硅(SiO_2含量为48.11%～52.77%)、高钛(TiO_2含量为1.94%～2.77%,平均2.48%)、高钾高碱(K_2O Na_2O 为5.32%～7.02%、K_2O/Na_2O 比值为0.48～1.10)为特征,属于钾玄岩系列。它们富集大离子亲石元素、轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素,具有微弱的 Eu 负异常(δEu=0.81～0.98),其地球化学特征总体与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)相似。Rb/Nb、Ba/Nb、La/Nb、K/Nb 和 Zr/Nb 比值主要落在 EM I OIB 范围内。~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr 和~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd 比值分别变化在0.7063～0.7077和0.51196～0.51243之间,岩石的 Nd、Sr 同位素组成接近 EM I 地幔端元。随着ε_(Nd)的减小,P_2O_5、Rh、Sr、Ba 和 Zr 逐渐富集,表明四子王旗钾玄岩没有经历明显的地壳物质混染。利用微量元素地球化学原理,推断四子王旗钾玄岩母岩浆源于含金云母地幔橄榄岩减压低度部分熔融。根据其地球化学特征可以认为,四子王旗钾玄岩是华北板块早白垩世岩石圈减薄事件的产物。 相似文献
4.
松辽盆地早白垩世火山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
松辽盆地早白垩世发育基性岩类的橄榄玄武岩、玄武岩,中性岩类的玄武安山岩、安山岩、粗安岩,酸性岩类的粗面岩、粗面英安岩、英安岩和流纹岩。早白垩世火山岩都具有大离子亲石元素(LILE)、轻稀土元素(LREE)相对富集的特征,并具有较低的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i值和较高的(~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd)_i值。基性岩类Ce/Nb=1.92～8.31,Th/Nb=0.08～0.44,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i=0.7031～0.7047,ε_(Nd)(t)=+1.7～+5.2;中性岩类Ce/Nb=3.70～15.80,Th/Nb=0.34～2.58,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i=0.7040～0.7054,ε_(Nd)(t)=0～+3.0;酸性岩类Ce/Nb=4.29～15.80,Th/Nb=0.11～1.02,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i=0.7038～0.7066,ε_(Nd)(t)=+1.0～+3.3。基性岩类岩浆主要来自被富集了的亏损地幔源的部分熔融,受混染程度很小;中性岩类岩浆源于年轻地壳组分被来自亏损地幔岩浆的再次部分熔融;酸性岩类浆岩可能主要来自源于亏损地幔的初生地壳部分熔融,并受到了上地壳的混染。晚侏罗世-早白垩世,由于蒙古-鄂霍次克洋关闭引发强烈的挤压造山后,发生的岩石圈拆沉作用致使来自亏损地幔的岩浆熔融上涌导致岩石圈主动伸展拉张,地表则表现出大规模的裂谷断陷作用和大范围的火山活动。这个阶段的伸展拉张以主动拉张为主。 相似文献
5.
雷琼地区晚新生代玄武岩地球化学：EM2成分来源及大陆岩石圈地幔的贡献 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对雷琼地区21个晚新生代玄武岩样品的主量、微量元素和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素分别用湿化学法、ICP-MS和MC-ICPMS进行了测定.这些玄武岩主要为石英拉斑玄武岩,其次为橄榄拉斑玄武岩和碱性玄武岩.大多数样品的微量元素和同位素成分与洋岛玄武岩(OIBs)相似,而且随着SiO_2不饱和度增加,不相容元素含量也增加.除R4-1可能受到地壳混染外,其他样品相对均一的Nd同位素(ε_(Nd)=2.5-6.0)以及变化明显但范围有限的Sr同位素(0.703106～0.704481),可能继承了地幔源区的特征.~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr与~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb的正相关和~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd与~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb的负相关特征暗示DM(软流圈地幔)与EM2(岩石圈地幔)的混合.地幔捕虏体的同位素特征暗示EM2成分不可能存在于尖晶石橄榄岩地幔,而La/Yb和Sm/Yb系统表明岩浆由石榴石橄榄岩部分熔融产生,这意味着EM2成分可能存在于石榴石橄榄岩地幔.雷琼地区玄武岩的地球化学变化可以用软流圈地幔为主的熔体加入不同比例石榴石橄榄岩地幔不同程度熔融产生的熔体来解释:碱性玄武岩和橄榄拉斑玄武岩是软流圈熔体与石榴石橄榄岩地幔较低程度(7%～9%)熔融体混合,而石英拉斑玄武岩是软流圈熔体与石榴石橄榄岩地幔较高程度(10%～20%)熔融体的混合. 相似文献
6.
西秦岭新生代钾霞橄黄长岩的地球化学及其岩浆源区性质 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
西秦岭礼县地区新生代钾霞橄黄长岩具有贫SiO_2和Al_2O_3,富CaO、Mgo、TiO_2及K_2O Na_2O的特征,矿物组合中除橄榄石、辉石外,普遍含有霞石、黄长石、白榴石和磁铁矿等矿物。火山岩的∑REE为97.82×10~(-6)～639.1×10~(-6)。岩石以强烈富集大离子亲石元素(LILE,如Rb、Ba、K、Sr)和高场强元素(HFSE,如Nb、Th、Ta、P、Zr、Hf等)为特征具有Pb和Ti的负异常。火山岩具有相对高的~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd比值(0.512007～0.512130,ε~(Nd)= 3.4～ 5.8)和相对低的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值(0.703374～0.704726)。~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb和~(208)Ph/~(204)Ph的比值范围分别为18.088～19.112,15.476～15.626和38.071～39.680。岩石的微量元素和Sr、Nd和Pb同位素特征显示其与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)的地球化学特征相似。源区组成显示了亏损地幔端元DM、HIMU端元和富集地幔端元EMII这三种地球化学端元混合的特征。 相似文献
7.
新疆巴楚辉绿岩岩脉的岩石成因和大地构造意义 总被引：3，自引：6，他引：3
塔里木盆地西北部巴楚地区出露的二叠纪基性岩脉为研究塔里木盆地及其邻区晚古生代区域大地构造演化提供了重要信息。巴楚地区基性岩脉中辉绿岩脉富集大离子亲石元素、轻稀土元素以及高场强元素,La/Nb=0.84～1.23,Zr/Nb=5.80～7.81,Ce/Pb=2.6～15.4和 Nb/U=27.0～37.3,初始~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr=0.70495～0.70560,ε_(Nd)(t)=-1.7～ 2.0,明显不同于受俯冲交代地幔源区的产物,也区别于典型洋岛玄武岩(OIB),相反具有 OIB 型 富集岩石圈地幔的元素-同位素地球化学特征,能被理解为与二叠纪软流圈和岩石圈相互作用产物,其起源与软流圈地幔上涌有关,表明二叠纪时巴楚地区应处于软流圈上隆的岩石圈伸展构造背景。结合区域地质资料,可认为二叠纪时地幔源区属性自塔里木盆地内部向北至西南天山边缘呈规律性变化 相似文献
8.
广西合浦县烟墩岭火山是一座第四纪小型中心式喷发的火山,是我国华南火山在第四纪喷发活动的代表之一。烟墩岭火山岩岩性为粗面玄武岩,Mg~#值(59～69)中等偏高,而钛和碱质成分相对较高。烟墩岭火山岩及周边的烟头岭样品的稀土含量较为稳定,配分型式极其相似,几乎一样,REE 丰度模式呈稍陡的向 HREE 倾斜的轻稀土富集型。它们的微量元素原始地幔配分型式也很相似,暗示有共同的岩浆源区。烟墩岭火山岩的 Ba/Nb 比值变化范围远小于琼北和涠洲岛玄武岩,而 La/Nb 比值三者相近,都是低而稳定,与洋岛玄武岩数值接近,不相容元素 Nb/U-Th 图解也说明烟墩岭火山岩来自于类似于洋岛玄武岩的地幔源区。岩石学和地球化学化学证据都表明,烟墩岭地区火山岩虽不是原生地幔玄武岩浆的喷出物,但只经过低程度演化,未受到强烈的结晶分异的影响,也未受到地壳的混染。其~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr 和~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd 数据变化范围很小,具有低Sr 同位素比值和高 Nd 同位素比值的特点。本文采用火山岩 K-Ar 法测定了烟墩岭火山活动的时代,结合火山岩地质特征和前人资料,火山活动时代确定为第四纪早更新世,与北部湾涠洲岛早期火山活动及琼北早更新世多文岭期火山活动时代大致相当。 相似文献
9.
松潘-甘孜地块的丹巴二叠纪玄武岩(大石包组)具有较高的TiO2含量(>2%)和高的Ti/Y比值(平均519),显示LREE富集、HREE亏损的右倾型稀土配分型式((La/Yb)N=4.2~13.6),εNd(t)=-0.33~2.70,具有洋岛玄武岩(OIB)地球化学特征,形成于大陆板内环境。其源区来自原始地幔始于石榴子石稳定区的低程度部分熔融,岩浆上升过程中有来自地壳物质的加入,因而其不相容元素比值如Zr/Nb(4.41~13.09)、La/Nb(1.03~1.80)和Th/La(0.08~0.18)等,以及初始的87Sr/86Sr比值(0.706008~0.707257)均表现出不同程度的富集特征,岩浆演化早期经历了以辉石、橄榄石为主的分离结晶作用。该套玄武岩的元素-同位素地球化学特征和源区性质类似于峨眉山溢流玄武岩的高钛(HT)系列,因此认为其是峨眉山地幔柱活动的产物,属于峨眉山大火成岩省(ELIP)的一部分。松潘-甘孜地块和扬子西缘晚古生代以前地层的可比性以及峨眉山溢流玄武岩的分布特征显示,松潘-甘孜洋盆伴随着扬子克拉通的裂解而打开,并且可能都与峨眉山地幔柱有关,是地幔柱活动的浅部地质响应。 相似文献
10.
鹤壁新生代玄武岩源区及成因: 地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素证据 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
大陆碱性玄武岩是研究大陆地幔、软流圈和岩石圈、壳幔相互作用的窗口。鹤壁碱性玄武岩为华北中部新生代玄武岩重要组成部分,其源区和成因对了解新生代期间华北克拉通中部岩石圈地幔改造提供了重要依据。鹤壁新生代玄武岩主要为碱性玄武岩,贫硅(SiO2=45.0%~47.8%)富镁(MgO=7.3%~8.5%)和全碱(Na2O+K2O=4.6%~6.3%),富集轻稀土元素,轻、重稀土元素强烈分馏,无明显Eu异常。富集大离子亲石元素(LILEs)和高场强元素(HFSEs)。在原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,具有明显的Nb、Ta正异常,其中Nb/U=35~48、La/Nb=0.4~0.7、Ba/Nb=3.6~11。 全岩的Sr、Nd、Hf同位素比值分别为87Sr/86Sri=0.7036~0.7044,εNd(t)=+0.4~+5.4, εHf(t)=+5.0~+9.7,显示鹤壁新生代玄武岩具有洋岛玄武岩(OIB)的地球化学特征和同位素组成。岩相学特征和地球化学特征表明鹤壁新生代玄武岩是软流圈地幔(>80km)小程度部分熔融形成的熔体与富集的岩石圈地幔相互作用后的结果,地壳物质混染和结晶分离作用不显著。 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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13.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
14.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
15.
Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
16.
17.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
18.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
19.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
20.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献