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1.
云南乐红铅锌矿床氧化带中异极矿的矿物学特征及其意义 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
云南乐红铅锌矿床氧化带十分发育,呈细脉或葡萄状产于氧化矿石中的白色矿物曾被认为是菱锌矿,笔者对该矿物作了物理、光学性质,化学发,Ｘ射线衍射,红外光谱及失重和差热分析研究,确定其为异极矿。其晶体化学式为Ｚｎ３．９８（Ｓｉ２．０１Ａｌ０．０１）２．０２Ｏ７（ＯＨ）２．０３．０．８８Ｈ２Ｏ晶胞参数ａ＝０．８３８０（４）ｎｍ,ｂ＝１．０７１８（７）ｎｍ,ｃ＝０．５１２５（６）ｎｍ。对异极矿矿物学特征的全面 相似文献
2.
Sajjad Maghfouri Mohammad Reza Hosseinzadeh Abdorrahman Rajabi Flavien Choulet 《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,9(1):249-272
The numerous non-sulfide zinc ore deposits were the historical basis for the development of zinc mining in Iran.They include the Mehdiabad,Irankouh and Angouran world-class deposits,as well as the Zarigan and Haft-har deposits.These deposits were formed by supergene oxidation of primary sulfide minerals during the complex interplay of tectonic uplift,karst development,changes in the level of the water table,and weathering.Zn(Pb)carbonates,Zn-hydrosilicates and associated hydrated phases directly replace the primary ore bodies or fill cavities along fractures related to uplift tectonics.Direct replacement of primary sulfides is accompanied by distal precipitation of zinc non-sulfide minerals in cavities or internal sediments filling.The mineralogy of the non-sulfide mineralization in all six deposits is generally complex and consists of smithsonite,hydrozincite,and hemimorphite as the main economic minerals,accompanied by iron and manganese oxy-hydroxides and residual clays.Commonly,non-sulfide minerals in these deposits consist of two types of ore:red zinc ore(RZO),rich in Zn,Fe,Pb-(As)and white zinc ore(WZO),typically with very high zinc grades but low concentrations of iron and lead.Typical minerals of the RZO are Fe-oxyhydroxides,goethite,hematite,hemimorphite,smithsonite and/or hydrozincite and cerussite.Common minerals of the WZO are smithsonite or hydrozincite and only minor amounts of Fe-oxyhydroxides and hemimorphite. 相似文献
3.
Hematite, as a typical iron oxide slime in sulphide ore slurries, was artificially added into the leaching systems of pure gold and a sulphide ore respectively, in an attempt to investigate the effect of iron oxide slimes on the ammoniacal thiosulphate leaching of gold. The presence of hematite significantly reduced the dissolution of gold and this detrimental effect became more pronounced with increasing hematite concentration. Hematite formed coatings on gold surfaces, which could prevent leach solution from diffusing to the gold surfaces and hence, inhibit gold dissolution. Hematite catalysed the oxidative decomposition of thiosulphate to polythionates with oxygen present. XPS studies indicated a thin layer of iron oxide coating as well as the deposition of some copper and sulphur species on gold surfaces. SEM images revealed a lesser extent of corrosion for gold after leaching in the presence of hematite. The gold extraction from the sulphide ore was reduced with the addition of hematite and this effect became more noticeable with an addition of hematite at a higher concentration. A natural guar type surfactant (Gempolym M47) reduced the detrimental effect of hematite on gold extraction likely due to the prevention of hematite coating on gold and mineral particles and the dispersion of the mineral slurry. Gempolym M47 stabilised thiosulphate by weakening the interaction between cupric ions and thiosulphate and by minimising the catalytic effect of hematite on thiosulphate decomposition. 相似文献
4.
Leaching in the grinding circuit is currently practiced in plants that process gold ores with low content of cyanide consuming minerals. The high gold recovery observed in the grinding–classification section of the plant is commonly explained by the inherent high initial dissolution rate of gold observed in gold ore cyanidation, or by the intense agitation prevailing in grinding mills. For understanding this leaching behavior of gold ores, the grinding, classification and leaching sections of a gold processing plant are analyzed through reconciliation of operating data. It is found that gold circulation in the grinding circuit is quite different from the flow behavior of other species due to the strong gold separation effect in the hydrocyclones, which produces quite large residence time for gold-rich particles. The results presented in this study demonstrate that the residence time of these particles in the grinding circuit can be as long as in the leaching tanks and might be the dominant factor in explaining the high dissolution of gold in this section. 相似文献
5.
粤东麻坑非硫化物型锌矿锌的赋存状态及成因讨论 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
麻坑锌矿位于粤东晚古生代梅州拗陷东北部、近南北向蕉岭向斜的西翼,含矿岩石为强风化浅绿色粘土岩、黑色锰土及黑土角砾岩,未见原生金属硫化物,因此,有关锌的赋存状态及矿床成因一直不明。本文通过系统的岩矿石样品光薄片、砂光片显微镜下鉴定、X射线粉晶衍射物相分析和电子探针成分分析,查明了锌矿物主要以异极矿形式存在,仅含极少量菱锌矿;本矿床氧化作用较为彻底,矿床成因属浅成非硫化物型锌矿的直接交代亚类。上述锌的赋存状态及矿床成因探讨对类似矿床的认识与勘查具重要意义。 相似文献
6.
The Tres Marias carbonate-hosted Zn–Ge deposit in Chihuahua, Mexico contains sphalerite with the highest average Ge (960 ppm)
and willemite with the highest reported Ge contents of Mississippi-Valley-type (MVT) deposits worldwide. This has prompted
current exploration efforts to focus on the deposit as a high-grade source of germanium. The sulfide-rich ore type (>125,000 t
at 20% Zn and 250 g/t Ge) contains Fe-rich botryoidal sphalerite (type I) associated with solid hydrocarbons. This type exhibits
distinctive intimately intergrown lamellar texture of high-Fe sphalerite (average 9.9 wt.% Fe and 800 ppm Ge) and a somewhat
less Fe-rich sphalerite phase (average 5.5 wt.% Fe and 470 ppm Ge). Reddish-brown banded sphalerite (type II, average 5.7 wt.%
Fe and 1,320 ppm Ge) is subordinately followed by galena and pyrite. The sulfide-poor “oxidized” zinc ore (up to 50 wt.% Zn;
250 to 300 ppm Ge) is a fine-grained, often friable, alteration product of the sulfide ore and associated limestone and breccia
host. While some areas are dominated by carbonates and sulfates, others are enriched in silicates such as hemimorphite and
willemite. The gangue assemblage includes goethite, hematite, and amorphous silica or quartz. Minor wulfenite, greenockite,
cinnabar, and descloizite also occur. Willemite occurs as interstitial replacement of sphalerite and fracture fillings in
the oxidized ore and can be unusually rich in Pb (up to 2.0 wt.%) and Ge (up to 4,000 ppm). Oscillatory zonation reflects
trace element incorporation into willemite from the oxidation of primary Ge-bearing sphalerite and galena by siliceous aqueous
fluids. The Tres Marias deposit has hybrid characteristics consisting of a primary low-temperature MVT Ge-rich Zn–Pb sulfide
ore body, overprinted by Ge-rich hemimorphite, willemite, and Fe oxide mineralization. 相似文献
7.
较低的矿物溶解率和反应剂的不可循环利用是CO2矿物封存发展的两大难题。针对这些问题,本文提出了一种新的以可循环的NH4Cl溶液作为中间媒介的CO2矿物封存工艺,并系统地研究了蛇纹石在氯化铵溶液中的液-固两相的反应动力学。实验研究发现:(1)纤蛇纹石的浸取符合Elovich模型,浸取过程基本在1h左右完成,在100℃、5mol/L氯化铵溶液中,纤蛇纹石的浸取率达到12.67%;(2)温度对纤蛇纹石初始反应速率的影响显著,温度越高,反应速率越快;(3)当氯化铵浓度在1~5mol/L范围内变化时,它对镁离子浸取率的影响不明显,反应速率随着浓度的升高而有所增加;(4)本实验反应表现出来的活化能大小为129.56kJ/mol。 相似文献
8.
D. F. Lascelles 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(8):1105-1125
All the major worldwide direct-shipping iron ore deposits associated with banded iron formations (BIF) are characteristically deeply weathered. They extend to considerable depths below the water table and show well-preserved primary structures and textures, but characteristically most deposits contain no evidence of chert bands being present prior to weathering. Recent studies have found evidence of hydrothermal and/ or metamorphic influences in the development of certain ore deposits and new genesis models such as the supergene-modified hypogene model have been postulated for major high-grade iron ore deposits. Nevertheless, there are many high-grade deposits that show no evidence of hypogene alteration and for which a hypogene or metamorphic genesis is unreasonable that are automatically ascribed to supergene enrichment, commonly erroneously attributed to lateritic weathering in tropical environments. Laterite (sensu lato) is a soil formation in which primary textures are destroyed and is underlain by a pallid zone showing the preservation of chert and the depletion, not enrichment, of iron oxides and thus is totally incompatible with the formation of the high-grade ore deposits. Various theories and models that purported to explain the conditions under which such a uniquely BIF-related dissolution of quartz and residual accumulation of hematite could occur by supergene processes typically conflict with current understanding of groundwater hydrology, chemistry, weathering processes and soil formation.Supergene enrichment of ore is universal in the leaching of gangue minerals such as iron silicates, carbonates and apatite and supergene enrichment of BIF to low-grade ore is common in near surface environments above the water table such as ferrugenised BIF outcrops, detrital ore deposits, and some shallow ore deposits that have been subjected to prolonged exposure to fresh meteoric water. In all cases of supergene enrichment traces of the chert bands are visible and the dissolution or replacement processes for the removal of quartz are clear, in direct contrast to the most important deep saprolite ore deposits that show no trace of chert bands.The widespread acceptance of an inappropriate and untenable supergene enrichment model inhibits search for the true origin of the ore and our ability to predict and find concealed high-grade ore deposits. 相似文献
9.
《矿物学报》2013,(Z1)
Using variety of modern testing methods, the processing mineralogical characteristics for a lead and zinc oxide ore in Sichuan were studied systematically. The chemical analysis result shows that the lead and zinc oxide content exceeding the minimum industrial grade and iron ore, total iron content reaches a minimum industrial grade and associated with gold and silver; The mineralogical analysis result shows that lead and zinc mineral composition and configuration are very complexity. The zinc minerals and zinciferous minerals are sphalerite, hemimorphite, Smithsonite, Hydrozincite, zinc chlorite, limonite, zinc dolomite and zincocalcite; lead minerals and plumbiferous minerals are mainly galena, cerussite, anglesite, limonite and Coronadite; The minerals disseminated grain size are very fine and mineral dissemination characteristics are very complex ; expected theoretical recoveries for lead and zinc were 72% and 67% respectively. The results of this study provide basic data and theoretical basis for ore dressing. 相似文献
10.
Some manganese nodules from the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean have been studied. The structural study with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) as well as the mineralogical studies or leaching experiments show that the oxide layer is supported by a frame of material derived from the core, being amorphous silica when the core is made of silicates, and calcium phosphate when the core is made of calcium phosphate.It is to be concluded that, for these nodules, the most probable origin is a volcanic origin. 相似文献
11.
以湖北省鄂州市庙岭镇的红黏土为研究对象,以化学选择溶解法结合淋溶作用为处理手段,将原状土样中的游离氧化铁按梯度去除,获得连二亚硫酸钠-柠檬酸钠-碳酸氢钠(DCB)溶液淋溶时间与除铁率的关系,并分析了不同淋溶时间对红黏土物理力学特性及微观孔隙结构的影响。试验结果表明,DCB溶液淋溶时间与除铁率相关性较强,除铁率与时间呈先快速增长后逐渐稳定的关系。由于游离氧化铁在土颗粒间主要起胶结作用,故淋溶时间对红黏土的物理力学特性有较大影响。随着淋溶时间的增长,黏粒与胶粒含量逐渐增大,耐热性小幅提升,无侧限抗压强度显著减小,且无侧限抗压强度变化整体趋势为前期急剧降低至后期趋于平稳。核磁共振、差热分析和电镜扫描的结果表明,随着淋溶时间的增大,庙岭红黏土内部孔隙增大,自由水减少,结合水增多,微观形态上团粒结构遭到破坏,胶结物质明显减少,结构形式从紧凑的粒团堆叠结构逐渐转化为聚集体-松散颗粒状结构。 相似文献
12.
以湖北省鄂州市庙岭镇的红黏土为研究对象,以化学选择溶解法结合淋溶作用为处理手段,将原状土样中的游离氧化铁按梯度去除,获得连二亚硫酸钠-柠檬酸钠-碳酸氢钠(DCB)溶液淋溶时间与除铁率的关系,并分析了不同淋溶时间对红黏土物理力学特性及微观孔隙结构的影响。试验结果表明,DCB溶液淋溶时间与除铁率相关性较强,除铁率与时间呈先快速增长后逐渐稳定的关系。由于游离氧化铁在土颗粒间主要起胶结作用,故淋溶时间对红黏土的物理力学特性有较大影响。随着淋溶时间的增长,黏粒与胶粒含量逐渐增大,耐热性小幅提升,无侧限抗压强度显著减小,且无侧限抗压强度变化整体趋势为前期急剧降低至后期趋于平稳。核磁共振、差热分析和电镜扫描的结果表明,随着淋溶时间的增大,庙岭红黏土内部孔隙增大,自由水减少,结合水增多,微观形态上团粒结构遭到破坏,胶结物质明显减少,结构形式从紧凑的粒团堆叠结构逐渐转化为聚集体-松散颗粒状结构。 相似文献
13.
Guillaume de Combarieu Michel L. Schlegel Delphine NeffEddy Foy Delphine VantelonPhilippe Barboux Stéphane Gin 《Applied Geochemistry》2011,26(1):65-79
Glass-iron-clay setups were reacted at 90 °C for 6-18 months to investigate the coupled interactions between glass alteration, Fe corrosion and clay transformation. The reacted interfaces were probed at the microscopic level using complementary characterization methods (scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, micro-Raman spectroscopy, micro X-ray diffraction, micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and micro X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy). The 10-μm thick Fe foil was fully corroded within 10 months, exposing glass to the pore solution. Iron corrosion led to the formation of a layer containing mostly magnetite, siderite and Fe-rich phyllosilicates with one tetrahedral and one octahedral sheet (TO) or two tetrahedral and one octahedral (TOT) sheet per layer. The clay in contact with this corrosion layer was enriched in siderite (FeCO3). Glass alteration resulted in the formation of a gel layer whose thickness increased with reaction time (from 20 μm after 6 months to 80 μm after 18 months) and a thin layer of secondary precipitates that concentrated lanthanides, P, and Mo. Assuming conservative behavior of Zr, the Si molar concentration in the gel is about 57% that in the glass. Glass dissolution remained at a rate close to the initial dissolution rate r0. The data are consistent with glass dissolution sustained by the uptake of dissolved Si and charge-compensating cations on secondary (corrosion) products, thus maintaining the gel porosity open and facilitating the leaching of easily soluble elements. 相似文献
14.
15.
《矿物学报》2013,(Z1)
China’s manganese resources are usually associated with the valuable elements such as silver, lead, zinc, cobalt, nickel, scandium, etc which should be comprehensively recovered during the manganese beneficiation. A manganese ore from western China contains Mn 23.18%, Co 0.073%, Ni 0.21% and Sc 0.013%. The mineralogy composition of ore and the occurrence of associated elements of Sc, Co as well as Ni are studied in this paper. According to the results, the manganese minerals in this ore are mainly lithiophorite and a little secondary pyrolusite. The lithiophorite in this ore is rich in aluminum and actually it is the generic name for the multi-mineral aggregates mixed by silicon, aluminum and iron, which is quite different with the ordinary psilomelane. There is not any Sc, Ni or Co mineral in this ore and more than 98% of Sc, Ni and Ni exists in lithiophorite and pyrolusite. The distribution of Sc, Co and Ni in lithiophorite is further studied by EPMA and the results indicate that Sc and Co in lithiophorite is sparse and dispersed distribution while Ni usually distributes in the argillaceous lithiophorite and is local enrichment. Reduction-sulfuric acid leaching tests show that the dissolution of Sc and Co happens before lithiophorite dissolves; the dissolution rate of Sc and Co is almost the same, which is significantly higher than the dissolution rate of manganese. However, the dissolution rate of Ni is extremely low with the dissolution of manganse, which indicates that Ni is hard to dissolve and its dissolution rate obviously lags behind that of Mn, Sc and Co. The conclusion can be drawn that Sc and Co exist in the lithiophorite crystals as interface adsorption while Ni exists in the clay (kaolinite) mixed up with lithiophorite as interface adsorption. The conclusion indicates that Sc and Co can dissolve before the dissolution of manganese at a high dissolution rate in the hydrometallurgical process while Ni is also into the solution through desorption from the interface of clay but its dissolution rate is rather slow because of the insoluble nature of clay. 相似文献
16.
《矿物学报》2013,(Z1)
Fly ash was used to prepare alumina and silica white, The 3 stages of the process are as follows: ammonium sulfate calcining, acid leaching and alkali dissolution. The optimum conditions for the experiments to determine are as follows: molar ratio of (NH4)2SO4/Al2O3 is 6, the calcining time is 2h, he H2SO4 concentration is 20%, the leaching temperature is 80℃ and dissolution duration is 2h, the ratio of solution and solid reaction material is 6 for ammonium sulfate calcining and acid leaching stage, reaction time 30min, ratio of liquid to ore 5∶1, alkali concentration 45% and reaction temperature 95 ℃for the alkali dissolution stage. Under these conditions, the total leaching efficiencies of Al2O3 and SiO2 are 78.86% and 95%, respectively. The quality of the main products alumina and silica white can meet the national standards of GB/T24487-2009 and GB10517-89, respectively. 相似文献
17.
我国原矿、精矿消费量和尾矿产出量巨大,这些矿产品中有毒有害污染物的溶解释放(称为"溶出")已经成为一个普遍存在的环境问题。本文阐述了目前国内外矿产品污染物溶出的研究现状,总结了研究矿产品中污染物溶出最常用的四种模拟试验方法(湿度室试验、淋滤柱试验、静态浸泡试验、萃取试验)的应用进展。湿度室试验可模拟自然风化过程,确定污染物溶出速率和产物;淋滤柱试验可模拟降水和喷淋过程,提供污染物吸附和解吸附动力学依据;静态浸泡试验可模拟被水浸泡过程,探明溶出规律和产物;萃取试验可对污染物进行形态分析,评估介质中污染物的流动性、稳定性等。污染物溶出的各种影响因素由强到弱依次是pH值、淋溶浸泡时间、温度、固液比、矿石粒径,多数情况下pH值越大、浸泡时间越长、温度越高、固液比越小、粒径越小越有利于污染物的溶出。溶出是一个长期和具有潜伏性的过程,其内部发生一系列物理化学反应,显示出与扩散效应不同的规律。目前这方面的研究对象还主要集中于废弃的尾矿,对经运输、堆放并在人类生活区使用的原矿、精矿产品的污染物溶出有待进一步研究,需要对其溶出污染进行预测和评估,采取有效措施控制和治理矿产品的污染。 相似文献
18.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2021,81(4):125773
As the most abundant copper containing resource and zinc containing resource, chalcopyrite and sphalerite/marmatite commonly coexist as Cu-Zn mixed ores in deposits. However, it is difficult to completely separate sphalerite and chalcopyrite by flotation, thus resulting in the existence of zinc impurity in copper concentrate. Sphalerite/marmatite existed in copper sulfide concentrate as impurity may lead to severe damage of the smelting equipment, and cause the waste of copper and Zn resources, it will also decrease of the sale price of copper concentrates. Therefore, the deep separation of zinc from zinc bearing copper sulfide concentrate is of great significance. In this work, selective chemical leaching was developed to efficiently remove zinc from zinc containing copper sulfide concentrate. Under the optimal condition (i.e., sulfuric acid concentration exceed 100 g/L, temperature of 80 °C, pulp density of 10%, leaching time of 48 h), over 85% Zn was extracted into the leaching solution together with only about 10% Cu and Fe, according to the leaching experiment. Leaching slurry had good solid-liquid separation characteristics, and zinc can be further effectively recovered from the leaching solution. According to X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM/EDS) analysis, chalcopyrite was the main mineralogical phase in the residues, which can be regarded as high quality copper concentrate for metallurgy. Accordingly, a new process for deep and efficient separation of Cu-Zn mixed ores has been proposed. 相似文献
19.
山西、河南高铝粘土铝土矿矿床矿物学研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
耐火材料工业把Al2O3>46%（熟料）的耐火粘土称为“高铝粘土”。从理论上应把铝硅比≥2.6的称为耐火用铝土矿,惟我国《储量规范》为了勘探工作方便仍称其为高铝粘土。而普通耐火粘土（熟料Al2O3<46%,但实际应用扩大到50%）与高铝粘土中的易熔杂质总量不超过6%,灼减一般不大于16%,Fe2O3一般不大于3%或3.5%。 相似文献
20.
Victor W. Truesdale 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2010,16(1):101-126
Recently, the increase in dissolved concentration in the batch dissolution of various salts or sucrose has been successfully
modelled with three equations, one a cubic in time. However, from three separate earlier investigations with ocean sediments
and phytoplankton frustules, there is residual suspicion that biogenic silica does not follow this behaviour. This paper shows
that the Shrinking Object Model applies to the dissolution of sieved silica gel particles, as well as to a sample of unsieved,
freeze-dried frustules of Odentella sp. Silica gel, being readily available in quantities that can be sieved, is a useful surrogate for biogenic silica in allowing
problems of experimental design to be overcome. The dissolutions covered three possible analytic integrations that arise from
the model: an exponential for approach to saturation with excess solid silica; the approach to near saturation with either
a slight excess or deficiency of silica; dissolution at high under-saturation. Good agreement was found between experimental
results and mathematical modelling. The paper provides template calculations by which future raw results can be parameterized.
Nevertheless, the reasons for non-linear kinetics reported in earlier work have not been identified, and so controversy over
non-linear dissolution kinetics is enhanced. Stirring regime was found to be important with silica gel dissolution, and so
biogenic silica dissolution is therefore likely to be ‘transport limited’ at low stirring rate. Accordingly, all archived
and future data should be scrutinized for stirring effects before being applied to the oceanic environment. A rigorous test
for determining whether a substance’s dissolution deviates from the model is recommended as a preliminary to any future dissolutions,
whether in batch or with the chemo-stat. A fixed amount of frustule sample is added to a series of buffered mixtures containing
increasing background silicic acid concentrations. Absence of any problem is marked by a linear plot between the increase
in silicic concentration accruing over a fixed reaction period and that of the background silicic acid. A novel mathematical
proof is provided to justify the test’s use. The reasons for the earlier deviations from expected behaviour of, for example,
oceanic sediments, are discussed. Lastly, the paper provides a novel approach to the dissolution of a population of particles
of mixed sizes which will probably find ready future application in oceanography. 相似文献