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1.
为了解广西平桂地区锡矿土壤离子电导率异常特征,研究不同种类离子的含量变化关系对电导率的贡献大小,为解释锡矿土壤离子电导率异常的形成机制提供理论依据.对广西平桂地区锡矿的土壤离子电导率异常进行研究,结果表明:①在已知锡矿体上测出了清晰的土壤离子电导率异常,异常形态呈典型双峰形态“兔耳”状或“单峰”状,异常垂直指示锡矿体的赋存位置;②弄清了锡矿体组成土壤离子电导率异常的离子成分特征,其成分主要是SO42-、Ca2+、HCO3-、C1-、Fe3+、Mg2+、Na+、K+、Mn2+、F-等一套水可溶性离子,经过相关分析得出锡矿土壤离子电导率异常与各种水可溶性离子的相关系数SO42+＞Ca2+＞HCO3＞Cl＞Fe3+＞Mg2+＞Na+＞K+＞Mn2+F-;③在未知区的找矿预测中找到2个具有成矿远景的土壤离子电导率异常,经深部工程验证找到了隐伏锡矿体. 相似文献
2.
为了解黑龙江东宁金厂金矿体土壤离子的电导率异常特征,查明金矿体中土壤离子电导率成分的离子组成以及不同种类离子的含量变化关系对电导率的贡献大小,初步探讨矿区土壤离子电导率异常的形成机理,本文对金厂金矿开展了土壤离子电导率测量,取得以下认识:(1)发现多个具有成矿远景的离子电导率异常区,经深部工程验证具有隐伏的金矿体;(2)组成土壤离子电导率异常的离子成分主要是HCO-3、SO2-4、Ca2+、Cl-、K+、Na+、F-、Mg2+、Mn2+等一套水可溶性离子,经过相关分析得出金矿电导率异常与各离子的相关系数为HCO-3>Ca2+>SO2-4>Cl->K+>Na+>F->Mg2+>Mn2+。 相似文献
3.
为评估土壤盐分化学性质对土壤溶液电导率的影响强度,应用通径分析方法研究了1:5土水比土壤浸提液电导率(EC1:5)与土壤盐分化学性质各要素的关系。研究结果表明:Cl-、K+与Na+、HCO3-是影响土壤浸提液电导率的最重要因素,而pH和SO42-对土壤浸提液电导率的影响很微弱;Ca2+与Mg2+对土壤浸提液电导率的直接通径系数并不高,但由于被其他各化学性质要素的间接效应所增强,使得其对溶液电导率的间接通径系数之和较大。验证结果表明:Cl-、K+与Na+、HCO3-的多元线性函数具有较高精度和良好可靠性。 相似文献
4.
不同时间段青木关岩溶地下河水化学变化主导因素分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用多参数水质分析仪,对典型岩溶槽谷区重庆青木关岩溶地下河出口姜家泉的月尺度、农耕期和暴雨期3个不同时间段的水化学动态变化特征进行监测,通过主成分分析法,研究这3个不同时间段水化学变化主导因素的异同。结果表明:月尺度期间,电导率、pH值和Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、K~+、Na~+、HCO_3~-受雨水稀释作用,使丰水期低于枯水期;水化学变化主要受5个主成分影响,累积方差贡献率为90.75%,但其主导因素是水-岩作用。农耕期,降雨携带残余的粪肥、氮磷钾肥汇入地下河,电导率和Cl~-、NO_3~-、K~+、Na~+浓度升高;水化学变化主要受3个主成分影响,累积方差贡献率为87.81%,但其主导因素是施肥活动。暴雨期间,各离子浓度变化经过平稳期、上升期、稳定期、特殊期4个阶段。上升期,降雨对地下河影响最大,导致水-岩作用增强,电导率和Ca~(2+)、HCO_3~-浓度上升;对地表土壤和化肥的冲刷淋溶作用显著,导致Al、Fe、Cl~-、K~+、Na~+和NO_3~-浓度明显上升。水化学变化主要受4个主成分影响,累积方差贡献率为80.09%,但其主导因素是水-岩作用、地表土壤和养分流失。 相似文献
5.
选取莱州湾南岸为研究区域,系统采集了111个表层土壤样品,测定了土壤全盐量以及K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)、HCO_3~-和CO_3~(2-)等8种土壤盐分离子的含量,运用多元统计分析以及地理加权回归模型等方法,分析了莱州湾南岸土壤盐渍化的影响因素。结果表明:①研究区土壤以盐土为主,Cl~-的浓度和变异系数远远高于其他盐分离子,在土壤表层的累积十分显著,氯化物在土壤中最为活跃。②土壤含水率、土壤干容重、土壤有机质、植被覆盖率与土壤盐渍化程度之间出现了高相关性,拟合精度高。③气温、降水、地下水埋深、地下水矿化度表现出中等相关性,拟合精度较高。④数字高程模型(DEM)、高差、土壤粒度、土壤pH表现了一般相关性,拟合精度一般。 相似文献
6.
查明土壤盐分分布特征及其主要影响因素,是治理土壤盐渍化的一项基础性工作。文章结合GIS技术和地统计学方法,对环渤海低平原土壤盐分空间分布特征及其主要影响因素进行了分析。结果表明环渤海低平原区土壤盐分含量普遍小于2 g/kg土,属于非盐化土和轻度盐化土;东部环渤海滨海平原部分地区土壤含盐量大于2 g/kg土,属于中度和重度盐化土。土壤盐分含量除表层属于强变异,其他各土层在水平方向均属于中等变异。在垂向上,各土层含盐量相差较小,以氯化物和硫酸盐为主的易溶盐组构成了第一主成分,是导致土壤盐分含量高的主要因素,碱度和p H是影响土壤盐分的第二主成分,第三主成分是地下水位埋深和地下水总溶解性固体。 相似文献
7.
饱和导水率是重要的土壤水力学参数,对渗流和溶质运移研究起着至关重要的作用.土壤传递函数可以代替大规模采样和室内外试验间接预测该参数,但由于土壤的空间变异性以及方法的局限性等原因,以往的传递函数往往精度有限.本文以黄河下游沿岸兰考县闫楼乡包气带不同土层为研究对象,基于64个钻孔数据,将土壤粒径分布（黏粒、粉粒和砂粒含量）、土壤结构分形维数、干容重、总孔隙度、pH值、有机质和电导率等9个基本理化特性参数作为影响因素,基于逐步回归、主成分回归和主成分-地理加权回归（PCA-GWR）三种方法,分别对研究区包气带不同土层的饱和导水率进行回归分析,比较精度后基于PCA-GWR对饱和导水率进行地理加权回归克里金插值.结果显示,除表层粉土以外,PCA-GWR法的预测精度有显著优势.不同土层传递函数和饱和导水率分布的差异性表明,由于黄河下游地区快速多变的沉积过程、黄河的决口改道以及人类活动等因素,包气带土层相变剧烈,土壤饱和导水率在平面上亦具有明显的非平稳特征.而局部地质作用和人类活动是第二层粉土层回归克里金估计结果欠佳的深层原因. 相似文献
8.
大兴安岭森林覆盖区金矿土壤离子电导率异常特征离子成份的研究及找矿预测 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
为了解森林覆盖区金矿体土壤离子电导率异常特征,探讨金矿体土壤离子电导率成份是由哪些种类离子组成,弄清不同种类离子的含量变化关系对电导率的贡献大小,为解释金矿土壤离子电导率异常的形成机制提供理论依据.通过在大兴安岭森林覆盖区虎拉林金矿的研究:(1)在已知的金矿体上测出了清晰的电导率异常,异常呈典型双峰形态"兔耳"状或"锯齿"状, 异常垂直指示金矿体的赋存位置.(2)弄清了金矿体组成土壤离子电导率异常的离子成份特征,其成份主要是HCO-3、SO-24、Ca2 、Cl-、K 、Na 、F-、Mg2 、Mn2 等一套水可溶性离子,经过相关分析得出金矿电导率异常与各水可溶性离子的相关系数是HCO-3＞Ca2 ＞SO2-4＞Cl-＞K ＞F-＞Na ＞Mg2 ＞Mn2 .(3)在未知区的找矿预测中找到3个具有成矿远景的离子电导率异常. 相似文献
9.
古尔班通古特沙漠与绿洲交错带土地利用变化对土壤特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对比研究了古尔班通古特沙漠与绿洲交错带8种土地利用类型的土壤特性变化. 结果表明: 不同土地利用类型的土壤粉砂含量差异性显著(P<0.05). 人类活动干扰的时间越长、 强度越大, 粉砂和极细砂含量越高, 而细砂反之. 在人类活动干扰前期(≤5 a), 土壤养分与干扰时间成反比, 而后(＞5 a)与时间成正比. 不同土地利用类型的土壤养分分为4个等级: 1级为盐碱地, 为最高等级; 2级为生态防护林地、 荒草地和天然灌木林地; 3级为10 a农田地、 5 a菜园地和3 a农田地; 4级为5 a农田地, 为最低等级. 人类活动使得土壤盐分由原来的(盐碱土)上层高、 下层低转为上层低、 下层高. 而且盐分与干扰时间成反比. 土地利用变化的过程中, 土壤盐分与Cl-、 SO42-、 Ca2+、 Mg2+、 K+和Na+离子均成正比, 而与HCO3-离子成反比. 5 a农田地土壤退化指数(-30.58%)最高, 是其他土地利用类型的1.5~3.9倍. 相似文献
10.
旱—半干旱高寒地区土壤盐渍化,对区域农牧业发展及地质环境造成较大的影响。本文在西藏扎西康矿集区环境地质调查的基础上,通过对宿麦朗沟盐渍化3处土壤剖面系统采样分析,查明土壤盐分的空间分布及盐渍化成因。结果表明：相同层位土壤电导率与水溶性盐分总量之间呈正相关关系,0~80cm之间,土壤中盐分离子含量变化较大;80cm之下,土壤盐分含量趋于稳定;因子分析进一步揭示,研究区土壤盐分主要由氯离子、钠离子组成,两者之间相关性较强（R2=0.9592）;维美组地层以高硅、高钠为特征,三角洲及河流相的沉积环境及地下水活动等共同造成该区域土壤盐渍化。在此基础上,针对性地提出了降低地下水位、定期人工喷淋洗盐及施入有机肥料等方法是干旱区土壤盐渍化防治的有利措施。 相似文献
11.
Assessment of soil salinization based on a low-cost method and its influencing factors in a semi-arid agricultural area,northwest China 总被引：13，自引：9，他引：4
An investigation of soil salinization was carried out in the Nanshantaizi area (Northwest China) with WET Sensor. This device can measure such soil parameters as bulk soil electrical conductivity, water content, and the pore water electrical conductivity that are important for soil salinization assessments. A distribution map of soil salinization was produced, and the factors influencing soil salinization and its processes were discussed in detail. The study shows that moderately salinized to salt soils are mainly observed in the alluvial plain, where groundwater level is high and lateral recharge water contains high salinity. Nanshantaizi is covered by slightly salinized soils. The soil salinization distribution estimated by WET Sensor is generally consistent with the actual levels of salinization. Soil salinity in Nanshantaizi is mostly of natural origin and accumulated salts could leach to deeper soils or aquifers by water percolation during irrigation. Groundwater evaporation, groundwater level depth and quality of recharge water are important factors influencing soil salinization in the alluvial plain. 相似文献
12.
电磁感应仪EM38用于土壤盐渍剖面分类与评价研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
结合电磁感应仪EM38测量与田间采样,文章分析了黄河三角洲典型区域土壤电导率的剖面分布特征,建立了磁感式表观电导率与土壤电导率间的(多元)回归解译模型,探讨了不同分类方法对土壤盐渍剖面分类结果的准确性,并对典型盐渍剖面类型进行了评价。结果表明:研究区土壤盐分具有较强的表聚性与变异强度;土壤电导率与磁感表观电导率EMh、EMv间呈极显著的相关关系,EMh对浅层土壤电导率的解译精度较高,而EMv对深层土壤电导率的解译精度较高;EMv/EMh法和理论函数法对土壤盐渍剖面的分类结果均具有较高的精度,且理论函数法分类结果的准确性明显优于EMv/EMh法;研究区土壤盐渍剖面可划分为表聚型、底聚型与均匀型,在数量上以表聚型及底聚型为主,其中表聚型与均匀型属于积盐型剖面,底聚型属于脱盐型剖面。该结果对研究黄河三角洲地区土壤盐渍化的发生、机理、预测与评估该地区土壤盐渍化的发生、发展具有重要意义。 相似文献
13.
《地球科学进展》2015,30(12):1295
The interaction between ions and soil particles plays an important role in the mobilization and bioavailability of ions in soils, which is one of the main research areas of soil chemistry. The new method based on suspension Wien effect has been developed recently to determine the binding energy and adsorption energy between ions and soil particles. Compared with other methods on the basis of adsorption isotherm or ions activity, Wien effect method has more advantages including convenience and direct measurement. The term suspension Wien effect refers to the increase of electrical conductivity of suspension with increasing applied electrical field. In this review paper, we introduced the fundamentals of suspension Wien effect, the apparatus about the Wien effect measurement, and along with demonstrating their application to quantifying the particles-ions interactions for several systems of soils. Our studies indicated that divalent cations have larger binding energies and adsorption energies on soil particles than monovalent because of the electrostatic interaction. However, few studies about the interaction between Cr3+ and La3+ on soil particles showed that the binding energy and adsorption energy of trivalent cations are lower than those of divalent cations because of hydrolysis. Soil properties such as soil organic matter, soil pH, and iron oxides significantly affected the binding energy and adsorption energy of ions. Our results deepened our understanding about the non specific adsorption of ions in soil chemistry, and enlarged the research area of soil chemistry in fundamental and methodology. 相似文献
14.
南水北调中线工程实践研究表明,膨胀土的电导率与自由膨胀率呈现线性关系。引江济淮试验工程为开发膨胀土判别快速方法以及提出针对江淮地区土质的电导率法判别适用标准,开展膨胀土电导率特征实验研究。工程现场取多组土样进行基本性质、膨胀性和不同含水率下的电导率实验,寻求该地区膨胀土电导率与含水率和自由膨胀率的关系。研究表明,电导率随土体含水率增加呈现先增加后减小的变化趋势,土体处于液限含水率附近状态下,具有最强的导电性,电导率具有峰值特征。相同含水率条件下,土体的膨胀性越强电导率越大;电导率和自由膨胀率总体上线性相关,试样在液限含水率附近时相关性最大;线性经验模型的精度由相关性水平控制,本试验提出的江淮地区弱膨胀土电导率经验模型的精度控制标准为R2=0.78,可以达到自由膨胀率实测值的精度水平,具有实用价值。 相似文献
15.
R. Nisha B. Kiran A. Kaushik C. P. Kaushik 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2018,15(3):571-580
In present investigation, consortia of two indigenous heterocystous cyanobacteria, Nostoc ellipsosporum HH-205 and Nostoc punctiforme HH-206 isolated from a salt affected area of Hisar, Haryana (India) were used as biofertilizer in bioremediation of salt affected soils having high electrical conductivity (13.5 dS/m) and pH (8) with poor organic carbon (0.3%) as well as nitrogen content (0.008%). The experiments were conducted in a pot house for the period of 240 days. There was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in carbon, phosphate, nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, cation exchange capacity, mean weight diameter and hydraulic conductivity of soil with biofertilizer treatment whereas sodium ion and electrical conductivity were found to be decreased. Improvement in soil aggregation and stability due to increased soil microbial activities (dehydrogenase, invertase and phosphomonoesterase) were also observed. Significant increase in growth and yield of pearl millet–wheat crop was observed in amended pots even under low water regime. Thus, the indigenous cyanobacterial species show promise in effective exploitation for phytoremediation and improved productivity of saline soils under semi-arid condition. 相似文献
16.
Fei Zhang Tashpolat Tiyip Jianli Ding Hsiangte Kung Verner C. Johnson Mamat Sawut Nigara Tashpolat Dongwei Gui 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(8):2743-2761
There has been growing interest in the use of reflectance spectroscopy as a rapid and inexpensive tool for soil characterization. In this study, 53 soil samples were collected from the oasis in the Weigan and Kuqa River delta along the middle reaches of Tarim River to investigate the level of soil chemical components in relation to soil spectral. An approach combining spectral technology and multi-variant statistical analysis was used to determine the reflectance spectral features of saline soil. The spectral data was first pretreated to remove noises and absorption bands from water, which eliminated influence from instrument errors and other external background factors. Several spectral absorption features were calculated for several saline soil samples to confirm that soil at the same salinity level had similar absorption spectral properties. Secondly, a correlation relationship between reflectance spectra and salinity factors was estimated by bivariate correlation method. Fourteen salinity factors including eight major ions and soil electrical conductivity (EC), soil salt content (SSC), pH, and total dissolved solid (TDS) in the saline soil were evaluated. Datasets of the salinity factors that correlated significantly with field data measurements of reflectance rate and the corresponding spectrum data were used to construct quantitative regression models. According to the multiple linear regression analysis, SSC, SO4 2?, TDS, and EC had a correlation coefficient at 0.746, 0.908, 0.798, and 0.933 with the raw spectral data, respectively, which confirmed strong correlation between salinity factors and soil reflectance spectrum. Findings from this study will have significant impact on characterization of spectral features of saline soil in oasis in arid land. 相似文献
17.
When rivers are impounded, the reduction in downstream flow can produce important and often adverse effects, especially in the estuarine environment. One or more dams have been proposed for the Olifants River system in the Western Cape, South Africa. This estuary has an extensive area of salt marsh that was examined to see whether it required occasional flooding with freshwater to wash out accumulated salts. The dominant salt marsh species,Sarcocornia pillansii, occurred in supratidal and floodplain areas where the water table was shallowest, the soil moisture highest, and the soil electrical conductivity lowest. Aerial photographs and simulated runoff data showed that no flood had covered the floodplain during the previous 80 years. The data indicate that salt marsh plants use saline groundwater during the dry months of the year in order to survive, but use the short season winter rainfall period with low salinity conditions to grow and reproduce. This study demonstrated that live roots ofS. pillansii reached the water table during the dry season. Tissue and soil water potentials, the relationship between vegetation cover, depth to the water table, and electrical conductivity of the groundwater support the conclusion that saline groundwater is the only source of water during the drier months of the year. Freshwater flooding of the river in winter may be important because it covers the supratidal area with less saline water and reduces the depth to the water table on the floodplain. This makes the groundwater more accessible to the halophytes growing on the floodplain. 相似文献
18.
Laurence Jouniaux Alexis Maineult Véronique Naudet Marc Pessel Pascal Sailhac 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2009,341(10-11):928-936
The self-potential (SP) method is a passive geophysical method based on the natural occurrence of electrical fields on the Earth's surface. Combined with other geophysical methods, SP surveys are especially useful for localizing and quantifying groundwater flows and pollutant plume spreading, and estimating pertinent hydraulic properties of aquifers (water table, hydraulic conductivity). Laboratory experiments have shown that the involved coupling coefficients mainly depend on the fluid chemistry, conductivity and pH, and on the soil or rock properties. The interpretation of SP observations can be done qualitatively, for instance, by correlation of SP gradients with water fluxes (through electrokinetics) or salt fluxes (through electro-diffusion). In recent years, the interpretation has been improved with the help of modelling or/and inversion of the Poisson equation and endeavours to estimate hydraulic parameters by means of the intensity of electric current sources caused by underground flows. 相似文献
19.
准确检测植物体内的氟含量有助于预测氟化物的生态环境效应。植物中的氟含量低,通常不超过300μg/g,应用离子选择电极法测量氟需选择样品分解效率高的前处理方法使氟不受到损失,获得离子成分简单、空白低的溶液,同时加入适量的缓冲液增强氟离子的强度和掩蔽干扰。本文采用微波消解法处理植物样品,离子选择电极法测定氟的含量,通过优化实验条件确定了缓冲液的浓度。结果表明,在25℃、p H=6.5的样品溶液中加入147 g/L总离子强度缓冲溶液(TISAB)10 m L,避免了溶液中的阳离子与氟离子生成稳定的不溶絮状物,显著降低了沉淀物的产生。本方法检出限为0.242μg/g,精密度(RSD)小于8.5%,回收率为92.0%~108%,能满足地球化学样品分析中对植物样品中低含量氟的检测要求。 相似文献
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盐溶液在地仗中毛细迁移引起的盐分迁移、富集已成为壁画病害发生的重要原因。研究不同湿度条件下盐溶液在模拟地仗中的毛细迁移过程对可溶盐再分布的影响。分析不同湿度条件下毛细上升高度随时间的变化关系,含水率和电导率随高度变化关系,毛细饱和后试样表面变化情况及可溶盐含量随试样高度的分布。试验结果表明,空气相对湿度越低,毛细上升过程中水分向空气中迁移越多,水分难以向上迁移。试样的含水率随高度呈递减趋势,而电导率随试样高度增加而增大。可溶盐在毛细水上升过程中发生结晶分异,毛细前锋以NaCl结晶富集为主,亚前锋以Na2SO4结晶富集为主。其研究结果可以为壁画盐害的防治提供基础科学依据。 相似文献