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1.
《地质科技情报》2017,(1)
在大量钻井、测井资料的基础上,采用岩心分析、地球化学测试等方法,从湖泊演化过程中水体盐度、氧化还原条件、生产力变化及地球化学特征等方面,对鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区细粒沉积物特征、分面规律及其主控因素进行了研究,取得的主要认识有:鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组长7段沉积期,气候温暖潮湿,半深湖-深湖大面积分布,富有机质细粒沉积物发育,该期形成的富有机质页岩主要受湖盆底形、砂体沉积模式的影响。尤其长73亚段沉积期为细粒沉积物主要发育期,快速湖侵,湖水深度和范围急剧增加,湖泊表层水体与底层水体存在盐度分层,形成大面积缺氧环境,有利于大规模发育富有机质页岩。深湖区平缓地带,陆源碎屑供给不足,有机碳含量高,有机质类型好(以Ⅰ、Ⅱ型为主),半深湖区斜坡带发育物源来自于陆地的粉砂质泥岩,干酪根以Ⅱ型为主,同时发育Ⅲ型干酪根。 相似文献
2.
通过Rock-Eval、饱和烃色谱质谱、电感耦合等离子质谱分析和X荧光光谱等测试方法,对南襄盆地泌阳凹陷核桃园组三段2油组和3油组泥页岩开展了有机质丰度、类型,生物标志化合物特征和常微量元素参数综合分析,探讨了湖相富有机质泥页岩地球化学特征及其沉积环境,并建立了富有机质泥页岩发育模式。研究结果表明,2油组沉积时期,泥页岩有机碳含量相对较低,湖盆内的有机质由水生生物和陆源有机质共同供给,有机质类型从Ⅰ型到Ⅲ型均有分布,高盐度下的水体分层和还原环境为有机质提供了良好的保存条件,但高盐环境抑制了水生生物的繁盛,一定程度上降低了湖泊生产力,此外较高的陆源碎屑的输入稀释了湖泊生产力,不利于有机质的富集;而3油组沉积时期,泥页岩有机碳含量相对较高,有机质类型以Ⅰ型和Ⅱ1型为主,尽管水体盐度降低,分层作用减弱,但是缺氧的还原环境为有机质提供了保存条件,该环境下的湖泊高生产力是富有机质页岩形成的主控因素。 相似文献
3.
鄂尔多斯盆地华池地区三叠系延长组长7段富有机质页岩岩相特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《地学前缘》2016,(2):108-117
鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7油层组发育富有机质页岩和泥岩,目前已成为鄂尔多斯盆地页岩油气勘探的重要层位。综合岩心精细描述、薄片微观结构观察和粒度分析结果,将富有机质页岩和泥岩划分为黑色页岩岩相、纹层状泥岩岩相、粉砂质泥岩岩相。粉砂质泥岩岩相的脆性矿物含量高于黑色页岩岩相和纹层状泥岩岩相,后者比前者具有更高的黄铁矿含量,3种岩相的黏土矿物含量较接近。黑色页岩岩相有机质丰度高,有机质类型以I型干酪根为主,是最有利的富有机质岩相类型,其次为纹层状泥岩岩相。长7油层组沉积时期水体为分层的厌氧环境,有利于有机质的保存,低等水生生物是主要的母质来源。黑色页岩岩相和纹层状泥岩岩相形成于安静、缺少陆源碎屑影响的深湖环境下;粉砂质泥岩岩相形成于受陆源碎屑频繁影响的环境,有较多的陆源高等物质输入湖盆中,造成有机质类型复杂。将岩心精细描述和测井信息紧密结合,揭示了各类岩相纵向发育特征。受基准面变化和沉积物供给能力影响,长73以黑色页岩岩相和纹层状泥岩岩相为主,长72和长71以纹层状泥岩岩相和粉砂质泥岩岩相为主。长73暗色泥岩和页岩的岩相类型好,发育页理缝和纹层缝,有机质类型好、丰度高,是最有利的页岩油气勘探目的层系。 相似文献
4.
《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>近年,随着国外致密油、页岩油和致密气等非常规油气资源的开发利用和理论的引入,国内致密油气的勘探与开发以及地质理论研究进入快速发展阶段。鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠纪延长世长7期沉积的一套高丰度高效富有机质黑色页岩,为中生界油气资源的富集提供资源基础;同时,长7沉积期沉积的细粒沉积为致密油、页岩油和页岩气等非常规油气资源的富集提供储集空间。晚三叠纪长7沉积期是鄂尔多斯湖盆发育的鼎盛期,半深湖—深湖相细粒沉积物发育,受"西陡东缓" 相似文献
5.
通过岩芯观察、岩石薄片粒度分析,在鄂尔多斯盆地南缘铜川地区三叠系延长组9段识别出了浊积岩,并揭示了其垂向上典型鲍马序列组合及沉积特征。同时,对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长9段的油页岩、富有机质泥岩等样本进行TOC、热解测试,分析了该段浊积岩特征及对有机质富集的特征及影响。结果表明:半深湖--深湖区油页岩、泥岩干酪根类型以Ⅱ1型为主,浊积岩上下层位的泥岩、泥页岩、粉砂质泥岩等干酪根类型主要为Ⅲ型和Ⅱ2型。长9段浊积岩对含油页岩段的有机质富集具有一定影响,浊积岩AB及ABC序列对底部沉积的泥岩、泥页岩有机质含量影响最大,其有机碳含量相对较低;浊积岩DE序列对底部沉积的泥岩、泥页岩有机质含量影响相对较小,有机质含量相对较高。 相似文献
6.
为了进行陆相断陷湖盆泥页岩细粒混积岩有利岩相预测，以指导页岩油气有利目标优选，综合运用岩心、薄片、全岩衍射、元素、古生物等资料，系统进行了东营凹陷沙四上亚段泥页岩细粒混积岩沉积环境恢复、岩相精细表征，揭示了沉积环境对岩相及其组合、分布的控制作用.研究表明，东营凹陷沙四上亚段泥页岩细粒混积岩沉积期整体上表现为气候由半湿润向湿润转化，自下而上显示碎屑物源输入量在增加、水体水深加大、盐度降低、还原性减弱的过程；有序复杂多变的沉积环境一定程度上控制了泥页岩细粒混积岩沉积组构复杂性，进而控制了细粒混积岩相的多样性、组合和分布规律性.建立基于“岩石组分、沉积构造、灰质结构和有机质丰度”四端元划分方案，将东营凹陷沙四上亚段泥页岩细粒混积岩划分为20类，实现了复杂细粒混积岩岩相划分；半湿润少物源条件下，浅湖强还原盐水环境主要发育膏盐、含有机质层状膏质泥岩和含有机质层状泥质灰（云）岩相组合，半深湖强还原咸水环境主要发育富有机质纹层状微晶泥质灰岩和富有机质纹层状灰质泥岩频繁互层岩相组合，半深湖强还原半咸水环境主要发育富有机质水平泥晶纹层泥质灰岩和富有机质纹层灰质泥岩频繁互层岩相组合，深湖还原半咸水环境主要发育富有机质层状泥质灰岩夹富有机质层状灰质泥岩相组合；湿润多物源条件下，深湖强还原半咸水环境主要发育富有机质层状泥质灰岩和富有机质层状灰质泥岩频繁互层岩相组合，深湖还原半咸水环境主要发育富有机质层状灰质泥岩夹富有机质层状泥质灰岩相组合. 相似文献
7.
柴达木盆地新生界发育咸化湖盆沉积,但是对于湖盆的咸化程度一直没有详细论述,其沉积响应特征亦不清楚。文中利用系统测试得到的硼元素及黏土矿物资料来开展古水体盐度恢复,结果表明:(1)柴达木盆地新生界为咸化湖盆沉积,最高盐度大于20‰;(2)不同盐度地区的沉积响应特征不同,其中陆源碎屑物供给区古盐度小于12‰,滨浅湖区古盐度在10‰~18‰之间,半深湖区古盐度大于18‰。在中高咸化湖盆水介质的控制作用下,沉积物分布表现为单层厚度小(一般为1~3m)、砂/泥岩互层频繁、三角洲沉积相带分布较窄、细粒沉积物分布范围较广、发育特有湖相碳酸盐岩和膏盐岩及与陆源细碎屑呈混积等特征。 相似文献
8.
《西北地质》2021,(2)
近年来,中国陆相盆地页岩油成为油气勘探开发的热点和难点。笔者以柴达木盆地北缘鱼卡地区中侏罗统大煤沟组七段为研究对象,通过岩心、普通薄片观察、有机地化、X衍射等实验,研究了大煤沟组七段的岩相特征、沉积演化模式,为优质烃源岩的发育分布提供理论依据。研究结果表明,该段共发育6种岩相,垂向上可划分为3个沉积阶段。阶段A为温湿气候下的三角洲前缘、浅湖环境,发育贫有机质块状黏土质、硅质泥岩相,强陆源输入导致水体富氧,使该阶段页岩油气潜力较差,TOC平均为0.79%;阶段B为构造沉降作用下半深湖-深湖环境,发育富有机质块状黏土质泥岩相,深湖还原环境为有机质提供了良好保存条件,使该阶段页岩油气潜力较高,TOC平均为4.16 %;阶段C为干旱气候、构造沉降共同控制的半深湖-深湖环境,发育富有机质纹层状钙质、富黏土钙质、黏土质泥岩相,湖水咸化分层提供了良好的有机质保存条件,适应性藻类勃发提供了高生产力,使该阶段页岩油气潜力最高,TOC平均为5.03%。 相似文献
9.
沉积结构与沉积构造的研究是目前细粒沉积学中的重要内容。同时,富有机质泥/页岩的纹层成因也一直是困扰人们的难题。影响湖盆细粒沉积物纹层形成的因素很多,其中盐度、有机质含量是非常重要的因素,尤其是油页岩在淡水与咸水环境均可发育,其纹层的形成与水体盐度有何关系需要深入探讨。通过长试管静置实验,模拟并观察在静水条件下,黏土矿物、富有机质泥质沉积物在淡水、微咸水及咸水3种湖盆水体环境中的沉降过程与沉降速率,通过实验观察绘制沉降过程曲线并计算沉降速率。研究表明: 在淡水中富有机质泥的沉降速率明显高于黏土矿物的沉降速率;而在微咸水与咸水中,黏土矿物的沉降速率明显比富有机质泥要高;同时,2种类型的细粒沉积物在3类水体环境中各自的沉降速率也存在不同的规律。通过分析实验结果,指出在不同水介质条件下,絮凝作用类型的差异与浮力作用的影响是造成细粒沉积速率差异的主要原因。而有机质、黏土矿物及水体盐度共同控制细粒沉积物的沉降速率,一旦这些条件发生变化,那么就容易形成类似或不同的纹层,尤其是有机质丰度与盐度变化时,更容易形成不同成分的纹层。因此,油页岩的形成除需要相对安静水体环境外,还与有机质丰度、黏土矿物含量、絮凝过程及水体盐度变化的综合响应有关,而并非单独与水体盐度相关。另外,受沉积作用影响,湖盆不同区域的细粒沉积构造类型有差异。 相似文献
10.
沉积结构与沉积构造的研究是目前细粒沉积学中的重要内容。同时,富有机质泥/页岩的纹层成因也一直是困扰人们的难题。影响湖盆细粒沉积物纹层形成的因素很多,其中盐度、有机质含量是非常重要的因素,尤其是油页岩在淡水与咸水环境均可发育,其纹层的形成与水体盐度有何关系需要深入探讨。通过长试管静置实验,模拟并观察在静水条件下,黏土矿物、富有机质泥质沉积物在淡水、微咸水及咸水3种湖盆水体环境中的沉降过程与沉降速率,通过实验观察绘制沉降过程曲线并计算沉降速率。研究表明: 在淡水中富有机质泥的沉降速率明显高于黏土矿物的沉降速率;而在微咸水与咸水中,黏土矿物的沉降速率明显比富有机质泥要高;同时,2种类型的细粒沉积物在3类水体环境中各自的沉降速率也存在不同的规律。通过分析实验结果,指出在不同水介质条件下,絮凝作用类型的差异与浮力作用的影响是造成细粒沉积速率差异的主要原因。而有机质、黏土矿物及水体盐度共同控制细粒沉积物的沉降速率,一旦这些条件发生变化,那么就容易形成类似或不同的纹层,尤其是有机质丰度与盐度变化时,更容易形成不同成分的纹层。因此,油页岩的形成除需要相对安静水体环境外,还与有机质丰度、黏土矿物含量、絮凝过程及水体盐度变化的综合响应有关,而并非单独与水体盐度相关。另外,受沉积作用影响,湖盆不同区域的细粒沉积构造类型有差异。 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
12.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
13.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
14.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
15.
Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
16.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献