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1.
南水北调水进京后余裕水可能回灌至地下储存,以涵养严重亏损的地下水资源。为研究地下回灌后的水岩相互作用,为南水北调水的合理利用提供技术参考,本次试验利用丹江口水库水和北京西郊地下水、西郊砂样开展了两地原水七种配比下的模拟含水层试验。结果表明:当含水层中丹江口水库水占比较高时,可能发生程度较高的阳离子交换吸附和钾长石的溶解;各含水层发生硝化反应,且丹江水占比越高,硝化反应越显著;各含水层发生显著的碳酸平衡作用,白云石和方解石在饱和状态下持续溶解并趋于稳定,表明南水北调水回灌将引起地下水硬度的升高。 相似文献
2.
人工补给对含水层水质的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
为了研究人工补给对含水层水质的影响问题,通过反向地球化学模拟方法对大庆西部地下水水质演化规律进行了分析。结果表明,地下水化学成分主要受含水层矿物相的溶解-沉淀作用、阳离子交换吸附作用以及氧化还原作用的影响,并确定方解石、白云石、盐岩、萤石、石膏、赤铁矿、菱铁矿、软锰矿、二氧化碳、阳离子交换剂等为影响地下水化学成分的控制性（矿）物相。在此基础上,采用正向地球化学模拟方法,以大庆市西水源地下水人工补给为例,模拟了地表水进入到地下后与含水层中原有的地下水以及含水层介质发生的水-岩相互作用。模拟结果表明,注入水与含水层中的水混合后,使地下水的矿化度有所降低,且混合水中地表水所占比例越大,地下水的矿化度越低;注入水与含水层中的地下水混合后,不会导致地下水水质的突变和水质级别的降低,还可在一定程度上改善含水层水质。 相似文献
3.
应用离子比例系数法分析了峰峰矿区东部地下水化学成分特征,结合含水层岩性条件,为水文地球化学模拟中“可能矿物相”的确定提供依据;采用PHREEQC软件对含水层中水-岩作用进行水文地球化学模拟,模拟计算出饱和指数,通过质量平衡模拟计算水-岩作用过程中主要矿物相的转化量。结果表明:方解石和白云石处于饱和状态,在适当的条件下会沉淀,而岩盐、石膏处于未饱和的状态,在适当的条件下将继续溶解。沿地下水流路径,从五矿奥灰水-一矿奥灰水-一矿副井水,地下水系统中白云石、岩盐、石膏溶解,方解石沉淀,且发生了阳离子交换作用。研究矿井水中水-岩相互作用,初步探讨废弃矿井水文地球化学演化机制,对分析矿井水文地球化学演化的影响因素有重要作用。 相似文献
4.
屋顶雨水回灌裂隙岩溶含水层连通示踪试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
雨水回灌后对岩溶水的影响分析和效果需要对回灌井和下游的观测井监测数据说明。由于岩溶含水层中岩溶发育极不均匀,在测定地下水位并判定出地下水流向的基础上,连通示踪试验是选择与回灌井相对应的观测井的有效办法。用氯化钠作为示踪剂,监测不同测井不同埋深地下水电导率随时间变化的方法确定了岩溶水观测井选址、岩溶含水层的结构及水文地质条件。示踪试验结果表明,3#观测井(西院井)可用来监测雨水回灌效果,并计算出该地区的地下水势流速在9 m/h～20 m/h之间。该成果对北方地区岩溶含水层回灌和环境评价具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
5.
以粉煤灰浸出液与自来水混合为例,结合水文地球化学模拟,分析了在混合作用下,pH值对单相混合溶液中矿物溶解／沉淀作用的影响。结果表明,由于混合作用,溶液pH值发生改变引起CO3^2-活度变化,从而影响方解石和白云石的饱和指数,随着混合比例从0．1到0．9的增加,实验和模拟单相混合溶液中白云石和方解石的饱和指数呈现不同规律的下降;在混合溶液pH值的影响下,玉髓饱和指数随混合比例的增大,呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势。 相似文献
6.
人工回灌对地下水水质影响的室内模拟实验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
人工回灌过程中的水岩相互作用机制较为复杂,目前有关评价人工回灌过程对地下水化学场影响范围和影响程度的研究还十分缺乏。以上海市某人工回灌试验场为例,采用室内模拟实验手段,对人工回灌过程中地下水主要溶质组分的变化趋势及其相关水岩反应进行分析。实验结果表明:回灌过程中,地下水的主要离子成分主要受混合作用、阳离子交换吸附作用及含水层矿物相(方解石、白云石、钾长石)溶解作用的影响;受回灌过程中地下厌氧环境向好氧环境发展的影响,含水介质中的As、Cr、Fe等元素存在溶出趋势,回灌后As-Fe元素的变化量表现出较好的相关性;随着回灌时间的增加,地下水水质的影响范围逐渐扩大,其水化学类型由初始的Cl-HCO3-Na型逐步向Cl-HCO3-Na-Ca型转变。 相似文献
7.
人工回灌过程中所发生的水-岩相互作用是影响回灌层位地下水环境质量的重要因素。采用室内实验和水文地球化学模拟等技术对人工回灌过程中的水-岩相互作用机理进行了分析。研究结果表明：受混合作用影响,随着回灌水比例的增加,混合水中TDS质量浓度降低,水化学类型由Cl·HCO3-Na型水逐渐转变为HCO3·Cl-Na·Ca型水;受水-岩作用影响,在同一混合比例条件下,随着水-岩作用的进行,混合水中TDS质量浓度升高,各主要离子质量浓度呈现升高的趋势,但只有回灌水比例占10%时,混合水TDS质量浓度才大于原始地下水（涨幅约5%）。实验介质溶解于水的离子中,Ca2+、Mg2+和HCO-3主要来源于碳酸盐矿物的溶解, Na+主要来自岩盐的溶解。在人工回灌过程中,发生的水-岩相互作用主要包括方解石、白云石、钾长石、岩盐、CO2的溶解和伊利石的沉淀。其中:钾长石溶解量与伊利石沉淀量、碳酸盐矿物溶解量与CO2溶解量的相关性较强,其相关系数分别为1.00和0.78（显著性水平为0.05）;硅酸盐矿物反应量和回灌水比例之间的相关系数为0.97（显著性水平为0.01）,相关性极强;而碳酸盐矿物反应量和回灌水比例之间的相关系数为0.52（显著性水平为0.01）,相关性较弱。上述相关性分析为确定人工回灌过程中的水-岩相互作用机理、地下水中主要离子组分的来源途径以及定量分析人工回灌对含水层介质的影响提供了依据。 相似文献
8.
屋面雨水回灌裂隙岩溶水工程风险评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
济南城市雨洪水回灌岩溶含水层是维护自然水循环,增加地下水补给量,维持济南泉群喷涌以及城市防洪的有效途径。但由于裂隙岩溶含水层具有渗透系数大、水流速度快,地下水一旦污染很难短时间恢复等特点,需要对回灌工程开展风险评价。本文以济南大学西校区的屋面雨水深井回灌裂隙岩溶水工程为例,利用澳大利亚MAR指南对工程进行风险评价。主要由初级风险评估、试运行调查、试运行风险评价及风险控制与管理4部分组成。初级风险评估结果显示屋面雨水回灌裂隙岩溶含水层工程的总体难度水平较低,项目可行。试运行调查期间监测的屋面雨水和回灌前后地下水水质可知屋面雨水经初期弃流、沉淀和过滤后,除浊度外基本达到地下水Ⅲ类标准,且处理后达标的雨水可迅速补充地下水。试运行风险评价结果显示屋面雨水中浊度经预处理后仍较高,使其成为该系统的最大风险项和关键控制点,故本项目的风险控制措施为改进预处理设施,降低雨水中的浊度。为保证工程能够高效持续运行,加强后期管理也尤为重要。 相似文献
9.
兖州煤田奥陶系灰岩地下水水化学特征及其形成机理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鲁西南兖州煤田的奥陶系灰岩地下水对煤田深部煤炭开采具有潜在的水害威胁,且为研究区的主要供水水源之一,其水化学特征及形成机理分析,可为该区深部煤炭开采水害防治和地下水资源利用提供依据。经过目的层水样的采集与测试可知,地下水水化学类型以SO_4-Ca-Mg型为主,SO_4~(2-)含量为537~2 296 mg/L,Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)的平均含量分别为455.7 mg/L和116.6 mg/L,TDS的范围为961~3 555 mg/L,pH值为6.9~8.0。Ca~(2+)和SO_4~(2-)随TDS的增加而增加,呈良好线性关系,推断TDS的增加主要来自Ca~(2+)和SO_4~(2-)的贡献。由饱和指数(SI)可知,地下水中的白云石和方解石均处于过饱和状态,而绝大部分的水样的石膏饱和指数均小于0,处于不饱和状态。石膏的饱和指数与地下水中TDS呈正相关关系。这些结果表明,在该含水层中地下水运移过程中不断发生水岩相互作用,主要包括石膏溶解、白云石和方解石沉淀或溶解、离子交换等反应。 相似文献
10.
通过在漓江流域中北部采集浅层土样,提取土壤溶液,测定其水化学成分指标,分析其基本特征及规律,并计算方解石和白云石的饱和指数(SI_C、SI_D),探讨土壤溶液对碳酸盐岩的溶蚀能力及其影响因素。结果发现:(1)从漓江流域南部到北部,土壤中各离子含量普遍较低,总体上是南高北低,土壤溶液水化学类型为HCO3-Ca型;(2)土壤溶液的SI_C、SI_D都呈绝对值较大的负值,表明土壤溶液对碳酸盐岩具有较强的溶蚀能力;(3)SI_C、SI_D由南向北逐渐降低,溶蚀能力逐渐增强,与该区域降雨量由南向北逐渐增大的特征之间表现出较明显的相关性;(4)土壤溶液对碳酸盐岩溶蚀能力随降雨量增大而增强是长期的大量降雨溶滤作用使土壤中的Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)等离子减少、pH值降低等原因所致。 相似文献
11.
In this study, the changes in the chemical composition of the groundwater along a flow path were examined by using the water
samples collected from unconfined, semi-confined and confined parts of the Karasu karstic aquifer. It was determined that
transport of bicarbonate, calcium, and magnesium was dominant in unconfined and semi-confined parts of the aquifer, whereas
calcite and dolomite precipitate in the confined parts. On the other hand, gypsum dissolution is present in all parts of the
aquifer. In addition, the computed saturation indices explain the occurrences and precipitation of travertines in the Goksu
Valley, which is the discharge area for the aquifer.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
12.
13.
The aim is to define the mechanism of chemical reactions that are responsible for the salinization of the Azraq basin along groundwater flow path, using inverse modeling technique by PHREEQC Interactive 2.8 for Windows. The chemical analysis of representative groundwater samples was used to predict the causes of salinization of groundwater. In addition, the saturation indices analysis was used to characterize the geochemical processes that led to the dissolution of mineral constituents within the groundwater aquifer system. According to the modeling results, it was noted that the groundwater at the recharge area was undersaturated with respect to calcite, dolomite, gypsum, anhydrite, and halite. Thus, the water dissolved these minerals during water rock interaction, and therefore, the concentration of Ca, Mg, Na, and SO4 increased along the groundwater flow path. Furthermore, the groundwater at the discharge area was oversaturated with respect to calcite and dolomite. This meant that the water would precipitate these minerals along the flow path, while the water was undersaturated with respect to gypsum and halite throughout the simulated path; this showed the dissolution processes that take place during water-rock interaction. Therefore, the salinity of the groundwater increased significantly along the groundwater flow paths. 相似文献
14.
Saed Khayat Peter Möller Stefan Geyer Amer Marei Christian Siebert Fayez Abu Hilo 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(8):1739-1751
The spatial and temporal changes of the composition of the groundwater from the springs along the Wadi Qilt stream running
from the Jerusalem–Ramallah Mountains towards the Jericho Plain is studied during the hydrological year 2006/2007. The residence
time and the intensity of recharge play an important role in controlling the chemical composition of spring water which mainly
depends on distance from the main recharge area. A very important factor is the oxidation of organics derived from sewage
and garbage resulting in variable dissolved CO2 and associated HCO3
− concentration. High CO2 yields lower pH values and thus under-saturation with respect to calcite and dolomite. Low CO2 concentrations result in over-saturation. Only at the beginning and at the end of the rainy season calcite saturation is
achieved. The degradation of dissolved organic matter is a major source for increasing water hardness. Besides dissolution
of carbonates dissolved species such as nitrate, chloride, and sulfate are leached from soil and aquifer rocks together with
only small amounts of Mg. Mg not only originates from carbonates but also from Mg–Cl waters are leached from aquifer rocks.
Leaching of Mg–Cl brines is particularly high at the beginning of the winter season and lowest at its end. Two zones of recharge
are distinguishable. Zone 1 represented by Ein Fara and Ein Qilt is fed directly through the infiltration of meteoric water
and surface runoff from the mountains along the eastern mountain slopes with little groundwater residence time and high flow
rate. The second zone is near the western border of Jericho at the foothills, which is mainly fed by the under-groundwater
flow from the eastern slopes with low surface infiltration rate. This zone shows higher groundwater residence time and slower
flow rate than zone 1. Groundwater residence time and the flow rate within the aquifer systems are controlled by the geological
structure of the aquifer, the amount of active recharge to the aquifer, and the recharge mechanism. The results of this study
may be useful in increasing the efficiency of freshwater exploitation in the region. Some precautions, however, should be
taken in future plans of artificial recharge of the aquifers or surface-water harvesting in the Wadi. Because of evaporation
and associated groundwater deterioration, the runoff water should be artificially infiltrated in zones of Wadis with high
storage capacity of aquifers. Natural infiltration along the Wadis lead to evaporation losses and less quality of groundwater. 相似文献
15.
The Porto Alegre region, Southern Brazil, comprises a fractured aquifer system constituted by pre-Cambrian granitic and gneissic
rocks, and a porous aquifer system formed by Cenozoic muddy–sandy to sandy sediments. A model is presented for the origin
of the fluoride in the groundwater of the fractured aquifer system, based on ionic interrelations, a statistical analysis
of physicochemical parameters and geochemical modeling. The fluoride is present at levels of up to 6.13 mg/L in groundwater
and it arises due to the dissolution of secondary fluorite filling fractures in the granitic and gneissic rocks. The dissolution
of fluorite occurs at the same time as calcite and dolomite solubilization. The statistical analysis identified three chemically
distinct groups (named 1, 2 and 3) and two subgroups (1A and 1B) of groundwater in the fractured aquifer. The most significant
differences between these groups are the different concentration ranges of fluoride, calcium, bicarbonate, magnesium, total
dissolved solids and chloride and pH values, as well as the correlations between them. The compositional evolution of each
groundwater group is governed mainly by how much high-salinity groundwater from the porous aquifer system is mixed with them
and the different thermodynamic equilibrium conditions of calcite, dolomite and fluorite. 相似文献
16.
温度及CO2对方解石、白云石溶解度影响特征分析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
借助水文地球化学模拟软件--PHREEQC对不同Pco2(0～100bar)和不同温度条件下(0～100℃)方解石、白云石在纯水中的溶解度进行模拟和分析.结果表明,Pco2和温度对方解石和白云石溶解度的影响均很大:无Pco2时其溶解度随着温度的升高而逐渐增大,这是因为对于方解石、白云石晶格破坏及溶解高温能提供的能量较大所致;当Pco2较大时(Pco2≥10-3.5bar)其溶解度随温度的升高而降低,原因主要是CO2在高温下形成碳酸的能力较差;当Pco2很小(0 相似文献
17.
Juan Reynerio Fagundo-Castillo Joel José Carrillo-Rivera Iñaki Antigüedad-Auzmendi Patricia González-Hernández Roberto Peláez-Díaz Rebeca Hernández-Díaz Dámaso Cáceres-Govea José Ramón Hernández-Santana Margaret Suárez-Muñoz Clara Melián-Rodríguez Mónica Rodríguez-Piña 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(2):247-267
Flows of different hierarchy, which travel through limestone, schist, sandstone and ultra-basic rocks, with ages from the
Paleocene to the Jurassic, at Sierra del Rosario, Pinar del Río, Cuba, were characterized. The waters were sampled from 1984
until 2004 and the data were statistically processed by means of chemical equilibrium and physico-chemical models, under a
flow system view of interpretation. Results demonstrate that the physico-chemical properties of the water are controlled by
water–rock interaction resulting from residence time since rainwater infiltrate and the path it follows to the discharge zone
and the type of aquifer material the different groundwater flows are in contact with. Geochemical indices allow the definition
of the different types of flow (local, intermediate, regional) to be characterized, permitting a further definition of the
different flow systems and rock type involved, as well as its use for water supply and medical use. The main geochemical processes
which control the chemical composition acquisitions mode are: congruent dissolution of calcite, dolomite, and halite; incongruent
dissolution of plagioclase and microcline minerals; pyrite oxidation, sulphate reduction, and silica dissolution at the surface
or silica precipitation at deep saturation and circulation zones. 相似文献
18.
Saltwater intrusion and nitrate pollution in the coastal aquifer of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
Yohana Mtoni Ibrahimu Chikira Mjemah Charles Bakundukize Marc Van Camp Kristine Martens Kristine Walraevens 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(3):1091-1111
Dar es Salaam Quaternary coastal aquifer is a major source of water supply in Dar es Salaam City used for domestic, agricultural, and industrial uses. However, groundwater overdraft and contamination are the major problems affecting the aquifer system. This study aims to define the principal hydrogeochemical processes controlling groundwater quality in the coastal strip of Dar es Salaam and to investigate whether the threats of seawater intrusion and pollution are influencing groundwater quality. Major cations and anions analysed in 134 groundwater samples reveal that groundwater is mainly affected by four factors: dissolution of calcite and dolomite, weathering of silicate minerals, seawater intrusion due to aquifer overexploitation, and nitrate pollution mainly caused by the use of pit latrines and septic tanks. High enrichment of Na+ and Cl? near the coast gives an indication of seawater intrusion into the aquifer as also supported from the Na–Cl signature on the Piper diagram. The boreholes close to the coast have much higher Na/Cl molar ratios than the boreholes located further inland. The dissolution of calcite and dolomite in recharge areas results in Ca–HCO3 and Ca–Mg–HCO3 groundwater types. Further along flow paths, Ca2+ and Na+ ion exchange causes groundwater evolution to Na–HCO3 type. From the PHREEQC simulation model, it appears that groundwater is undersaturated to slightly oversaturated with respect to the calcite and dolomite minerals. The results of this study provide important information required for the protection of the aquifer system. 相似文献