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1.
造山带原型盆地恢复是地质学研究的重要内容,是板块构造研究的难点与前沿,对于理解造山带演化及其大陆动力学具有重要意义。本文从原型盆地恢复的方法出发,评述了前人根据碎屑组成、元素地球化学和碎屑单矿物年代学来进行原型盆地恢复的原理、方法和效果。基于喜马拉雅造山带沉积盆地的实践,提出造山带原型盆地恢复的五个要素:盆地顶底界面、古地理环境、物源分析、构造分析和盆地外围研究。详细介绍了新特提斯洋俯冲、印度-亚洲大陆碰撞以及后碰撞阶段的沉积盆地的地质特征,包括印度北缘被动大陆边缘盆地、日喀则弧前盆地、雅鲁藏布海沟盆地、林周弧后-弧背叠合盆地、桑单林同碰撞盆地,以及后碰撞阶段的冈仁波齐盆地、柳区盆地和札达-吉隆裂谷盆地。基于沉积盆地研究反演了喜马拉雅大洋俯冲-大陆碰撞的演化过程,探讨了沉积盆地与大陆动力学之间的耦合关系。 相似文献
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造山带动力沉积学是造山带地质学和大陆动力学研究的重要方面。造山带动力沉积学研究的重要基础是识别造山带的原型沉积盆地,认识其大地构造沉积相和原型沉积盆地的演化。造山带动力沉积学研究的主要内容包括造山带区域地层学、沉积学、大地构造学、造山带原型盆地的充填序列或构造层序、古地理和古海洋及建立沉积盆地的动力模式。其研究方法涉及造山带原型盆地的物源和组分分析、沉积相和沉积体系及沉积构型分析、充填序列和构造层序分析、古流向和古地理分析、沉积厚度和沉降分析以及沉积盆地动力模拟等。 相似文献
3.
造山带汇聚板块边缘沉积盆地的鉴别与恢复 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
大洋俯冲和大陆碰撞是板块汇聚过程中的有机连续过程,也是造山带形成的两种基本造山作用方式。不同的造山作用过程形成不同类型的沉积盆地和填充序列,沉积盆地性质的改变和沉积物源区变化是造山作用方式和时限的最直接体现。沉积盆地是造山带重要大地构造相单元之一,完整记录了板块边缘动力学过程和构造演化以及造山作用方式和时限。沉积盆地构造原型鉴别与恢复是造山带结构-属性解剖的重要内容之一。视沉积盆地与相邻大地构造相的演化为统一整体,以填充物和沉积物源区作为链接沉积盆地和造山带的纽带,系统地精细解剖填充物组成和沉积相以及沉积物源区时空变化系列,准确鉴别并恢复造山带沉积盆地构造原型,是获取大陆碰撞方式和时限的沉积-地层判别标志的有效方法之一。 相似文献
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初论造山带古地理学 总被引：21，自引：2，他引：19
造山带古地理学属构造古地理学 ,是造山带地层学的姐妹学科 ,其核心是活动论构造观。简述了造山带古地理学的形成和内涵 ,重点讨论了地质记录已发生移位、歪曲和混杂的造山带地区 (或经造山作用改造的克拉通地区 )正确地进行构造—古地理重建的三个问题 :一是不能用“将今论古”的方法恢复地史期间的隆起区和堆积区 ,地史期间的物源区并非一成不变 ,要充分认识物源供应的多样性和多重性 ;二是沉积相带的展布受区域构造应力场及基底构造格局控制 ,要特别重视边缘相及其物源区的研究 ;三是辨析原生沉积盆地与构造盆地 ,对盆地进行正确的构造复位是古地理重建的基础。 相似文献
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华北盆地三叠纪沉积厚度大,分布广泛,其地层沉积特征很好地记录了周缘造山带或隆起区在该时期的构造演化过程。目前,前人已经对华北各地区三叠纪碎屑物源进行了大量研究,而对于物源区的认识仍存在分歧,对于盆缘地区沉积—构造演化过程的研究也相对较少。通过整理前人对华北各地区三叠纪碎屑物源研究的锆石年龄数据,并结合造山带构造演化过程和地层沉积特征,对华北盆地三叠纪碎屑物源及沉积—构造演化过程进行了整体研究。结果表明:华北北部三叠纪沉积物源均来自北缘的内蒙古隆起,锆石年龄和地层沉积特征记录了源区逐渐增强的岩浆活动和隆升过程。华北南部地区在该时期主要接受来自华北南缘二叠纪沉积盖层和北秦岭造山带的碎屑物质供给,华北南缘伴随着秦岭造山过程可能在中三叠世就已经逆冲隆升并遭受剥蚀,两者的协同演变共同控制着盆地南部沉积演化过程。鄂尔多斯盆地西北部碎屑物源主要来自阿拉善地块和北祁连造山带,西南部地区物源则主要来自盆地西南缘再旋回沉积盖层和北祁连造山带,分别为伸展和挤压状态下的内陆盆地沉积。早—中三叠世,华北盆地为统一的大型内陆沉积盆地,晚三叠世,盆地南、北缘发育沿褶皱逆冲带分布的陆内前陆盆地系统。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地西南部上古生界碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过对鄂尔多斯盆地西南部晚古生代山西组1段和下石盒子组8段碎屑锆石进行LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年分析,结合周缘地层年龄结构和地质历史事件,进而追寻盆地沉积物物源,推断盆地与造山带的盆山耦合过程。研究表明105个岩浆成因的碎屑锆石可分为4个年龄组段:(1)260~340 Ma,占总数的21.9%,推断物源主要来自北秦岭和西秦岭构造带;(2)370~470 Ma,占总数的24.8%,反映物源主要来自北秦岭、西秦岭构造带和北祁连造山带;(3)1600~2000 Ma,占总数的32.4%,指示物源来自北秦岭造山带、北祁造山带和华北板块;(4)2300~2600 Ma,占总数的15.2%,物源分别来自华北板块基底结晶岩系、北祁连构造带、北秦岭构造带和西秦岭构造带。研究区总体上具有来自北秦岭造山带、西秦岭造山带、北祁连造山带、兴蒙造山带及华北板块基底五个物源区,其中兴蒙造山带、北秦岭造山带和北祁连造山带为主要物源区。古生代碎屑锆石年龄证实了鄂尔多斯盆地西南部奥陶纪被动大陆边缘形成,志留纪—泥盆纪转化为陆-陆碰撞造山带,石炭纪—二叠纪逐渐由造山带转化为沉积盆地。 相似文献
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可可西里西段羊湖盆地沉积、构造特征及其动力学意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对可可西里西段新生代盆地缺乏了解是导致该区新生代地质演化存在争议的重要原因.本文以沉积学和构造变形分析为主要手段,对可可西里西段羊湖盆地时代、充填序列、物源区和变形特征进行了分析,结果表明,羊湖盆地新生界沉积厚度大于1302m,主要由下部雅西错组冲积扇相碎屑岩和上部五道梁群湖泊相碳酸盐岩组成,其岩石组合和充填序列与可可西里东段具有一致性,同时古流向和碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学分析显示盆地物源来南部的羌塘地块,盆地形成演化受南部褶皱冲断带制约,盆地构造变形强烈,沿褶皱冲断带和羊湖盆地地壳分别发生51％和41％的缩短.沉积充填结构和变形特征表明,羊湖盆地与东段可可西里盆地具有相同的演化历史和性质,预示青藏高原中部在渐新世-中新世在存在一个大的、统一的可可西里盆地. 相似文献
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柴达木盆地古近系路乐河组重矿物特征与物源分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
柴达木盆地古近系路乐河组由于其沉积演化与青藏高原隆升密切相关,并且近几年来多口探井在该层系见到了良好的油气显示而被研究者所关注.沉积物源分析作为了解造山带构造演化、盆地沉积作用以及划分油气有利区带的重要方法是路乐河组研究的关键内容.前人对盆地不同区块第三系物源进行了研究但缺乏从全盆地范围整体探讨路乐河组物源的报导.本次研究通过重矿物组合、ZTR指数及重矿物稳定系数的平面展布特征结合岩屑类型对柴达木盆地古近系路乐河组地层进行系统分析,初步划分出昆特依-冷湖一-四号、马海-南八仙、红山、鄂博梁-碱山、油砂山-跃进、黄石-弯西等11个物源体系,基本确定了物源方向并恢复了母岩类型.研究表明,不同物源区沉积物特征差异较为明显,表现为昆仑山前物源搬运距离最长,阿尔金山前物源搬运距离最短,祁连山前物源搬运距离中等.上述认识为研究区沉积体系的精细划分、原型盆地恢复以及盆地构造演化提供了重要依据. 相似文献
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徽成盆地是西秦岭造山带内一个具有代表性的盆地,保留较完整的地层记录.早白垩世田家坝组、周家湾组和鸡山组为一套砂砾岩沉积组合序列.本文通过对早白垩世砂岩的古水流恢复、砾石成分与含量、重矿物和地球化学分析,对沉积岩物源区特征和原型盆地进行探讨.古水流恢复和砾石成分统计表明,沉积物主要是近源堆积,主要来自于盆地南缘和北部.重矿物研究结果表明,早白垩世砂岩母岩以岩浆岩为主,并有少量变质岩/沉积岩.地球化学分析表明,早白垩世砂岩为成熟度较低的硬砂岩和长石/岩屑砂屑岩.稀土元素标准化配分曲线呈现轻稀土富集、重稀土平坦和弱Eu负异常特征.砂岩物源区组成判别图研究表明,早白垩世砂岩的物源区主要出露长英质火山岩.砂岩源区构造环境判别图解及特征指数分析表明,早白垩世砂岩源区主要形成于大陆岛弧和活动大陆边缘.结合区域资料和前人研究,表明早白垩世徽成地区发育走滑拉分盆地. 相似文献
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羌塘—拉萨碰撞造山作用是青藏高原中生代最为重要的构造事件, 羌塘盆地内晚白垩世阿布山组是羌塘—拉萨碰撞造山作用的沉积记录。托纳木地区发育了北羌塘坳陷少有的晚白垩世阿布山组沉积, 然而对其形成构造背景和动力学机制尚不清楚。本文通过对托纳木地区阿布山组沉积环境、物源区详细表明, 该地区阿布山组下部以冲积扇环境为主, 中上部为辫状河环境。砾石成分、古水流、砂岩岩石学、砂岩重矿物、碎屑锆石U-Pb定年等物源综合分析显示中央隆起带和盆地内部均为阿布山组提供物源, 结合邻区阿布山组对比, 认为研究区物源来自盆地内西南方向下伏沉积、晚三叠世那底冈日组火山岩以及盆地基底, 阿布山组沉积受盆地内构造控制。托纳木地区阿布山组物源区特征反映了北羌塘晚白垩世地体内部的逆冲事件, 与羌塘—拉萨地体碰撞有关。 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
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位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上，进行了稳定性数值模拟分析，定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明：该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成，对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害，必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
19.
The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献
20.
Michel Westphal Mikhail L. Bazhenov Jean Paul Lauer Diamar M. Pechersky Jean-Claude Sibuet 《Tectonophysics》1986,123(1-4)
We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies. 相似文献