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1.
多波束海底地形探测是目前世界上最为先进的海底地形探测方法。高精度的差分GPS定位是实现多波束系统高精度测深的最基本前提。在海上探测作业过程中，由于客观原因，差分GPS数据存在偶然误差，影响多波束测深精度。本文提出对差分GPS数据进行航速、航向平滑处理、误差定位点位置推算的实时优化方法和数学模型，并给出实际实现的例子。 相似文献
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多波束测深技术在国际上是海洋科学研究、海底资源开发和海洋工程建设中的重要技术手段。基于对国内外多波束
地形数据的广泛调研,对洋中脊附近洋底构造地貌形态进行分析研究。文中利用不同扩张速率洋中脊附近的50 m分辨率的多
波束地形数据,基于数字地形空间分析方法,利用不同滑动窗口和阈值自动识别来提取洋中脊附近地形面的最大、最小曲率
以及坡度,并以此对洋中脊进行构造解译。对中大西洋洋中脊和东太平洋洋隆两个实验结果的定量分析表明,基于地形曲面
曲率和坡度的洋中脊构造解译方法是有效且可行的,其结果为洋中脊构造样式解译提供重要参考。但是相比之下, 相似文献
3.
海底大地电磁信号采集的技术难点 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4
海底大地电磁探测要解决的首要问题是海底信号采集。对于陆上已广泛使用且采集技术已较为成熟的大地电磁测深法来说 ,该方法在海洋中的应用并不是一个简单的方法移植问题。由于海洋环境的严酷、海上作业的风险和海底信号微弱 ,要实现海底大地电磁信号采集面临着重重困难。为实现预期的探测目标 ,需采用一系列高新技术 ,包括微弱信号检测技术、海底多台观测系统的高精度同步技术、智能化控制技术、水下密封承压技术以及硬件系统集成技术等等。对海底大地电磁探测所遇到的难点技术问题作了初步的探讨 相似文献
4.
海洋地球物理技术的发展 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
金翔龙 《华东地质学院学报》2004,27(1):6-13
海洋地球物理的海底探测技术在20世纪里的迅猛发展推动了地球科学的进展。高精度的导航定位技术是实现海底高精度探测的基础。高精度的导航定位包括水面船只和水下探测系统的精确定位。现代水面船只定位依赖以全球卫星定位技术为主的导航定位系统；水下定位系统主要发展有超短基线定位系统(USBL)、短基线定位系统(SBL)和长基线定位系统(LBL)等。海洋重力测量系统的主体技术得到改进，陀螺稳定平台广泛采用光纤陀螺技术，开发出改正交又耦合效应的新技术，系统实现数字化控制，卫星测高技术引入海洋重力测量领域。海洋地磁测量发展出光泵式测量技术、多分量测量技术和梯度测量技术，近数十年快速发展起来的海底声学探测技术有多波束测深技术、声纳侧扫技术和浅层剖面测量技术等，这些技术已经在当代海底科学研究、海底资源勘查、海洋工程和海洋开发等方面发挥出极其重要的作用。在新的世纪里，海洋地球物理仍然保持着前沿科学的地住。 相似文献
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海洋物探方法技术在工程勘查领域的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
肖都 《物探化探计算技术》2007,(Z1)
在简述多波束测深、侧扫声纳、单道反射地震以及磁测等海洋物探方法特点的基础上,通过人工鱼礁和水产养殖区调查,填海和航道疏通工程,海洋地质构造勘查,海底管线探测和沉船定位等工程勘查实例,展示出应用海洋物探技术在工程勘查领域内所获得的成果。 相似文献
7.
在近岸海底管线路由调查的探测过程中，回声测深仪或多波束测深仪、旁侧声纳扫描、浅地层剖面仪和海洋磁力仪是探测的主要仪器。回声测深仪测量水深和了解地形变化，旁侧声纳扫描探测海床的岩石露头、管线以及锚痕、沙波等海床地貌和地质灾害现象，浅地层剖面主要探测浅埋岩石、管线及海底浅部的地质灾害现象，海洋磁力仪探测带有磁性的管线等物体。以上几种方法综合使用，可以探测管线或探明路由的地质情况，海底地质灾害是威胁管线的重要因素。 相似文献
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《物探化探计算技术》2020,(1)
库区冲刷淤积是水工建筑的安全运行的直接威胁,目前检测方法相对落后。三维多波束系统是一套成熟的海洋测绘技术,由于内陆水电水利工程水下检查需求的特殊性、复杂性,暂未在该方面得到广泛应用。这里基于三维多波束系统检测的高精度水下地形数据,采用自编软件系统,建立DEM模型,对库区水下地形、冲刷淤积及三维成图进行计算分析与应用。结合现场实际情况,表明三维多波束系统在该方面的应用效果较好,可以精确计算库区冲刷淤积现状,建立三维数据基准库并实现三维可视化。 相似文献
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Using multibeam swath bathymetric survey, a moderate sinuosity meandering channel was identified in the West Basin which is extending up to the northwestern corner of the Alcock Rise. Detailed morphometric analysis indicates that this channel is a mature sinuous channel which acts as a major conduit for the sediments into the West Basin. The straight length of the channel is ～70 km with an axial length of ～85 km. Furthermore, the maximum width is 1.5 km and minimum width is 0.4 km with an average sinuosity value of ～1.16, indicating its moderate meandering nature. It is interesting to note that this channel lacks the physical connection with the continental slope of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. From multibeam data, the channels seem to emerge from Andaman Island; by using GIS techniques, a derived channel network system is obtained to identify the source, which reveals that its exact source is the Irrawaddy Delta system. Furthermore, this study even suggests that the major contribution of modern sediments to the Andaman Fore Arc basin is from Irrawaddy Delta, and sediment supply from Andaman continental slope also played an important role. 相似文献
12.
Nissrine Maad Pascal Le Roy Mohamed Sahabi Marc-André Gutscher M. Hssain Nathalie Babonneau Marina Rabineau Brigitte Van Vliet Lanoë 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2010,342(9):731-740
A recent high resolution seismic survey was carried out along the North-West Moroccan Atlantic continental shelf to perform sequence stratigraphy and to better understand the link between the onshore observations across the western termination of the Rif front and the multibeam bathymetric data previously collected across the Gulf of Cadiz. Seismic interpretation clearly shows evidence of deformation affecting the Pleistocene sedimentary cover. This is mainly located between the Lalla Zahra ridge and the Neogene nappes that outcrop at the seabed to the North of Larache, where the identified structures bound the upper part of a gravitationally spreading lobe and are interpreted to be developed by activation of the major tectonic structures located at the southern front of the Rif Cordillera. The offshore extension of the Lalla Zahra Ridge is characterised by an east-west trending major folded and faulted corridor. This structure marks the active front of Prerifan area and corresponds to a major Quaternary kinematic boundary in the western prolongation of the ENE-WSW trending Jebha fault. 相似文献
13.
Bishwajit Chakraborty S. M. Karisiddaiah A. A. A. Menezes K. Haris G. S. Gokul W. Fernandes G. Kavitha 《Natural Hazards》2014,73(2):547-565
Here, we present the slope configuration of the submarine gullies, ridges and the adjacent slump zone off Goa, along the western continental margin of India utilizing multibeam bathymetric and single-channel seismic data. The fluid flow migration signature in the form of pockmark seepages, traces of mud volcanoes and enhanced reflectors is observed in the area. Altogether thirty-three depth profiles from the gully, ridge and slump areas depict downslope progression in gully incision and varying gradients in the gullies (1.19–4.07°) and ridges (2.13–3.70°), whereas the profiles of the slump zone are comparatively steady (2.25–2.51°). The scatter plot of the three slope characteristics, viz., gradient, mean depth and root mean square relief, characterizes the profiles of the gullies, ridges and slump zone into three distinct clusters. Principal component analysis as well corroborates the categorization. Furthermore, a stochastic multifractal technique has been employed to understand the nature of the fine-scale seafloor processes active in the slope region. The three estimated parameters of the depth profiles, i.e., the degree of multifractality (α), sparseness (C 1) and the degree of smoothness (H), substantiate a very high degree of multifractality for all the thirty-three bathymetric profiles. Except for the five adjacent profiles (four from the slump zone and one from the ridge), the remaining twenty-eight depth profiles of the gully, ridges and slump zones show negligible difference. Based on the multifractal study, we conclude that the observed discrimination might be due to the significant interaction between the bottom currents off Goa and the varied seafloor morphological aspects with seepages and faults. 相似文献
14.
Mark Coughlan Zsuzsanna TÓth Katrien J. J. Van Landeghem Stephen Mccarron Andrew J. Wheeler 《第四纪科学杂志》2020,35(7):907-919
The Wicklow Trough is one of several Irish Sea bathymetric deeps, yet unusually isolated from the main depression, the Western Trough. Its formation has been described as proglacial or subglacial, linked to the Irish Sea Ice Stream (ISIS) during the Last Glacial Maximum. The evolution of the Wicklow Trough and neighbouring deeps, therefore, help us to understand ISIS dynamics, when it was the main ice stream draining the former British–Irish Ice Sheet. The morphology and sub-seabed stratigraphy of the 18 km long and 2 km wide Wicklow Trough is described here from new multibeam echosounder data, 60 km of sparker seismic profiles and five sediment cores. At a maximum water depth of 82 m, the deep consists of four overdeepened sections. The heterogeneous glacial sediments in the Trough overlay bedrock, with indications of flank mass-wasting and subglacial bedforms on its floor. The evidence strongly suggests that the Wicklow Trough is a tunnel valley formed by time-transgressive erosional processes, with pressurised meltwater as the dominant agent during gradual or slow ice sheet retreat. Its location may be fault-controlled, and the northern end of the Wicklow Trough could mark a transition from rapid to slow grounded ice margin retreat, which could be tested with modelling. 相似文献
15.
Segmentation and kinematics of the North America‐Caribbean plate boundary offshore Hispaniola 
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下载免费PDF全文 Sylvie Leroy Nadine Ellouz‐Zimmermann Jordane Corbeau Frédérique Rolandone Bernard Mercier de Lépinay Bertrand Meyer Roberte Momplaisir José‐Luis Granja Bruña Anne Battani Céline Baurion Evgueni Burov Valérie Clouard Rémy Deschamps Christian Gorini Youri Hamon Manfred Lafosse Jottin Leonel Laetitia Le Pourhiet Pilar Llanes Estrada Nicolas Loget Francis Lucazeau Daniel Pillot Jeffrey Poort Kevin R. Tankoo José‐Luis Cuevas José‐Fernando Alcaide Claude Jean Poix Alfonso Muñoz‐Martin Serge Mitton Yamil Rodriguez Julien Schmitz Leonardo Seeber Andres Carbo‐Gorosabel Santiago Muñoz 《地学学报》2015,27(6):467-478
We explored the submarine portions of the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden Fault zone (EPGFZ) and the Septentrional–Oriente Fault zone (SOFZ) along the Northern Caribbean plate boundary using high‐resolution multibeam echo‐sounding and shallow seismic reflection. The bathymetric data shed light on poorly documented or previously unknown submarine fault zones running over 200 km between Haiti and Jamaica (EPGFZ) and 300 km between the Dominican Republic and Cuba (SOFZ). The primary plate‐boundary structures are a series of strike‐slip fault segments associated with pressure ridges, restraining bends, step overs and dogleg offsets indicating very active tectonics. Several distinct segments 50–100 km long cut across pre‐existing structures inherited from former tectonic regimes or bypass recent morphologies formed under the current strike‐slip regime. Along the most recent trace of the SOFZ, we measured a strike‐slip offset of 16.5 km, which indicates steady activity for the past ~1.8 Ma if its current GPS‐derived motion of 9.8 ± 2 mm a?1 has remained stable during the entire Quaternary. 相似文献
16.
Seismic, sidescan sonar, bathymetric multibeam and ODP (Ocean Drilling Program) data obtained in the submarine channel between the volcanic islands of Gran Canaria and Tenerife allow to identify constructive features and destructive events during the evolution of both islands. The most prominent constructive features are the submarine island flanks being the acoustic basement of the seismic images. The build-up of Tenerife started following the submarine stage of Gran Canaria because the submarine island flank of Tenerife onlaps the steeper flank of Gran Canaria. The overlying sediments in the channel between Gran Canaria and Tenerife are chaotic, consisting of slumps, debris flow deposits, syn-ignimbrite turbidites, ash layers, and other volcaniclastic rocks generated by eruptions, erosion, and flank collapse of the volcanoes. Volcanic cones on the submarine island flanks reflect ongoing submarine volcanic activity. The construction of the islands is interrupted by large destructive events, especially by flank collapses resulting in giant landslides. Several Miocene flank collapses (e.g., the formation of the Horgazales basin) were identified by combining seismic and drilling data whereas young giant landslides (e.g., the Güimar debris avalanche) are documented by sidescan, bathymetric and drilling data. Sediments are also transported through numerous submarine canyons from the islands into the volcaniclastic apron. Seismic profiles across the channel do not show a major offset of reflectors. The existence of a repeatedly postulated major NE-SW-trending fault zone between Gran Canaria and Tenerife is thus in doubt. The sporadic earthquake activity in this area may be related to the regional stress field or the submarine volcanic activity in this area. Seismic reflectors cannot be correlated through the channel between the sedimentary basins north and south of Gran Canaria because the channel acts as sediment barrier. The sedimentary basins to the north and south evolved differently following the submarine growth of Gran Canaria and Tenerife in the Miocene. 相似文献
17.
深水海底峡谷内部的粗粒碎屑沉积物不仅可以作为良好的油气储层,也可以较为完整地记录海洋地质环境变迁的相关信息,是目前海洋地质领域研究的热点.为揭示南海北部珠江口外峡谷体系沉积演化过程及其控制因素,利用多波束测深和高分辨率二维多道地震数据,对珠江口外峡谷体系地形特征、沉积充填特征、形成发育过程和控制因素进行研究.研究发现珠江口外峡谷呈三段式发育:上段为NW-SE走向,宽度超过30 km,侵蚀强度不大,横截面为不规则形态;中段为E-W走向,宽度开始变窄（25~30 km）,横截面呈U型;下段为NW-SE走向,宽度达到最大（25~45 km）,横截面呈U型,中段和下段以沉积作用为主.珠江口外峡谷体系沉积演化主要分为3个阶段:早期阶段（23~15.5 Ma）,水道?海底扇阶段（15.5~11.6 Ma）和峡谷?海底扇/块体流阶段（11.6~0 Ma）.揭示了该峡谷珠江口外峡谷体系的发育和演化主要受构造运动、海平面变化和沉积物供给的控制作用,通过以上分析,将对南海北部海洋灾害地质、深水沉积体系研究及油气资源勘探有重要的指导意义. 相似文献
18.
N. P. Chamov S. Yu. Sokolov V. V. Kostyleva V. N. Efimov A. A. Peive G. N. Aleksandrova M. E. Bylinskaya E. P. Radionova S. I. Stupin 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2010,45(6):532-554
The multidisciplinary approach is used to analyze the structure of the sedimentary cover in the northern Knipovich Rift valley,
Molloy Fracture Zone and synonymous basin, Svyatogor and Hovgard rises, Gorynych Hills, Litvin and Pogrebitskii seamounts,
and western slope of the Spitsbergen Archipelago studied in Cruise 24 of the R/V Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov. Materials of the bathymetric survey with multibeam echo sounder, as well as continuous seismic and vertical acoustic profiling,
revealed two main (NNW- and NNE-trending) systems of fractures in the neotectonic structure of the region. It was established
that a system of NNE-oriented fractures, linear zones of the dominant development of keyboard deformations included, is consistent
with the strike of magnetic anomalies reconstructed for this region. Tectonic aspects of the Knipovich Rift and prospects
of its further development are considered. Based on the wave field pattern of continuous seismic profiling (CSP) records,
four seismocomplexes indicating contrasting sedimentation settings and intense tectonic processes at different formation stages
of the northern Norwegian-Greenland Sea are conditionally defined in the sedimentary cover of the study region. It was established
the Molloy Fracture Zone is responsible for a system of horizontal reflectors of acoustically transparent structureless light
spots (“blankings”) in the upper well-stratified part of the sedimentary section, which are characteristic of areas with ascending
pore fluids. The micropaleontological study (palynomorphs of higher plants, dinocysts, planktonic foraminifers, and diatoms)
revealed the presence of Miocene assemblages in sediments. Benthic foraminifers include late Paleocene-middle Eocene assemblages.
The composition of rock-forming components demonstrates a directed succession of mineral-terrigenous associations from the
feldspar-quartz type to mesomictic quartz-graywacke type. 相似文献
19.
为了进一步明确西风带和南亚季风对三江源流域的水汽输送作用及对流域降水的影响,利用ERA-20C再分析数据集对三江源流域1948-2010年雨季水汽通量场进行经验正交函数（Empirical Orthogonal Function,EOF）分解,得到可表征西风带和南亚季风水汽输送在三江源流域强弱关系的经验正交函数模态及指标,揭示当西风带和南亚季风分别控制流域时的水汽输送和降水分布规律。结果表明:西风带控制流域水汽输送时,流域内部水汽输送方向为由西北向东南,西风带和南亚季风在流域南边界附近汇集,流域东部及南部（澜沧江源区大部,黄河源区东部）降水显著增加;南亚季风控制流域水汽输送时,流域内部水汽输送方向为由南向北,两支水汽输送路径在流域以北汇集,流域北部（长江源区大部,黄河源区偏北部）降水显著增加。西风带和南亚季风的水汽输送均对三江源流域具有重要作用,两支水汽输送路径分别控制流域时可引起流域内部不同区域降水的显著增加。 相似文献
20.
WILLIAM R. NORMARK† CHARLES K. PAULL‡ DAVID W. CARESS‡ WILLIAM USSLER III‡ RAY SLITER 《Sedimentology》2009,56(6):1690-1704
Erosional and depositional bedforms have been imaged at outcrop scale in the upper Redondo Fan, in the San Pedro Basin of offshore Southern California in ≥600 m water depths, using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle developed by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. The Autonomous Underwater Vehicle is equipped with multibeam and chirp sub-bottom sonars. Sampling and photographic images using the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute Remotely Operated Vehicle Tiburon provide groundtruth for the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle survey. The 0·3 m vertical and 1·5 m lateral bathymetric resolution and 0·1 m sub-bottom profile resolution provide unprecedented detail of bedform morphology and structure. Multiple channels within the Redondo Fan have been active at different times during the Late Holocene (0 to 3000 yr bp ). The currently active channel extending from Redondo Canyon makes an abrupt 90° turn at the canyon mouth before resuming a south-easterly course along the east side of the Redondo Fan. This channel is floored by sand and characterized by small steps generally <1 m in relief, spaced 10 to 80 m in the down-channel direction. A broader channel complex lies along the western side of the fan valley that was last active more than 850 years ago. Two distinct trains of large scours, with widths ranging from tens to a few hundred metres and depths of 20 m, occur on the floor of the western channel complex, which has a thin mud drape. If observed in cross-section only, these large scours would probably be misidentified as the thalweg of an active channel. 相似文献