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1.
为研究易贡滑坡-堰塞坝溃坝链生灾害的动力学特征,基于遥感影像数据建立三维数值模型,运用DAN3D和FLOW3D对易贡滑坡-碎屑流-堰塞坝溃坝全过程进行模拟研究。运用DAN3D模拟滑坡-碎屑流过程,得到滑坡碎屑堆积分布特征及速度变化规律,滑坡持续时间300 s,平均速度35 m/s。基于DAN3D获得的滑坡碎屑堆积分布建立等比例堰塞坝模型,运用FLOW3D模拟溃坝后洪水演进过程,得到洪水演进过程水流特征变化规律,通麦大桥处洪峰流量130 000 m3/s与实测值接近。对易贡滑坡灾害链全过程的模拟和动态特征分析可为高山峡谷区类似的滑坡-堰塞坝溃坝链生灾害风险评价提供参考。 相似文献
2.
西藏波密易贡高速巨型滑坡特征及减灾研究 总被引：23，自引：3，他引：20
殷跃平 《水文地质工程地质》2000,27(4):8-11
2000年4月9日晚,西藏林芝地区波密县易贡藏布河发生巨型高速滑坡。滑坡经历了高位滑动-碎屑流-土石水气浪-泥石流-次级滑坡等过程,具复合性。滑坡由5520m高程的雪山向下高速滑动,历时约10min,滑程8km,堆积于约2190m高程的易贡藏布江,形成坝高54m,长约2500m,库容可达288×108m3,体积约2.8×108～3.0×108m3的滑坡堰塞湖。为了减轻水位上涨对湖区4000多人员的淹没危害和防止滑坡“溃坝”对下游318国道及雅鲁藏布江大峡谷地区的危害,采用了在坝体开渠引流降低溃坝高程和湖水库容的减灾措施。 相似文献
3.
西藏芒康县金沙江上游雪隆囊河谷史前时期(全新世晚期)发生了一次明显的堰塞事件,形成了一个湖水体积约3.1×108 m3的大型堰塞湖。该堰塞湖形成后期发生溃决并引发异常大洪水,这一溃决事件发生在大约1 117 A.D.。地震诱发山体滑坡可能是金沙江发生堰塞的直接原因。在雪隆囊古堰塞坝体的下游一侧到其下游3.5 km的范围内,发现大量由砾石、砂和少量黏土组成的混杂堆积体,判定其为滑坡堰塞湖的溃坝堆积,是滑坡坝体及上游河床物质在坝体溃决后快速堆积形成。整套溃坝堆积体具有支撑-叠置构造、叠瓦构造和杂基构造等沉积特征,还具有一种特殊的沉积构造:即在垂向剖面上发育粗砾石层与细砂砾层的韵律互层,但剖面中缺少砾或砂的透镜体。这种沉积构造("互层构造")是溃坝堆积相区别于冲-洪积相、泥石流相等的一种重要判别标志。采用水力学模型反演确定雪隆囊古滑坡堰塞湖溃决洪水的平均流速为7.48 m/s,最大洪峰流量为10 786 m3/s。雪隆囊溃坝堆积体沉积特征及其环境的研究,不但有助于揭示古洪水事件发生的过程和机制,同时对于认识金沙江上游地区的环境演变也具有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
加拉堰塞湖威胁其上下游的人口安全、城镇设施及生态环境。加拉堰塞体地处无人区,没有对外交通,调研困难,因此形成机制研究甚少。作者于2019年3月调研了堰塞湖现场,通过对残留堰塞体地形实测,堰塞体岩性及结构、沿途堰塞湖水毁现象调查,结合堰塞体粒度特征,查明了加拉堰塞体的物质组成、堰塞湖形成过程及湖区灾损机制。调查发现雅鲁藏布江下游左岸色东浦沟冰碛物3次活动堵塞河道形成堰塞湖,并于10月19日、31日两次溃决,溃口流量分别达到32000m3 ·s-1和19000m3 ·s-1。前两次活动入江体积达6500×104m3,堰塞体高度88m,蓄水至6.0×108m3后发生第1次溃决。第3次活动入江体积约1000×104m3,堰塞体垭口高度约67m,蓄水至3.26×108m3后发生第2次溃决,体现了源于冰碛物堆积、混杂大量冰块、含水率极高的类似泥石流堆积堰塞体的独特溃决机理和洪水特征。雅鲁藏布江大峡谷河段堰塞湖堵江事件频发,通过加拉堰塞湖形成过程、溃决机理研究,可以为本区域堰塞湖灾害应对提供参考。 相似文献
5.
王立朝 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2018,(4)
正2018年8月6日凌晨,受当地前期连续降雨影响,云南省文山州富宁县阿用乡阿用河右岸一级支流发同河下游河段右岸发生顺层岩质滑坡,堵塞河道形成堰塞湖。滑坡前缘高程721 m,后缘高程871 m,主滑方向219°。滑坡长约200 m、宽约100 m,滑体厚约2～15 m,滑坡总体体积约2.0×105m~3。滑坡形成的堰塞体坝顶长64 m, 相似文献
6.
以全新世戈龙布古滑坡堵江溃决洪水地质灾害链为例,采用野外调查、PFC3D滑坡动力学数值模拟和HEC-RAS溃决洪水模拟,再现了该滑坡滑-堵-溃灾害链全过程.首先通过野外调查查明了该滑坡的特征,戈龙布滑坡总体积约7.92×107 m3,主滑方向为NW335°,最大滑动距离为2.3 km,最大堆积厚度约150 m.利用离散元软件对该滑坡启动和堆积过程模拟,戈龙布滑坡滑动过程持续了103 s,最大速度可达57 m/s,且在滑动过程中呈现出破碎程度区域差异性的运动学特性;大部分颗粒在运动过程中保持了其原始的位置顺序,堆积体物质特点为单个颗粒与块体团簇共存,破碎作用较弱.滑坡堆积体面积约为1.8×106 m2,鞍部高143 m,左岸、右岸高程分别为2 030 m和2 063 m.滑坡堵塞黄河形成的堰塞坝厚度达143 m,上游形成面积为128 km2、库容为4.87×109 m3的堰塞湖.通过模拟不同溃坝程度(15%、25%、50%和75%)下洪水演进过程,溃口下泄流... 相似文献
7.
汶川地震后,板子沟曾发生过多次大规模泥石流,尤其是2019年“8·20”泥石流对沟口的道路桥梁以及村寨造成了严重的破坏,将主河道向对岸严重挤压,今后仍存在较大堵河的风险。文章在野外调查以及对泥石流基本特征和形成条件综合分析的基础上,分析了堵河特征,计算了不同频率下泥石流的堵河参数,并预测了各频率下溃决洪水对绵虒镇可能产生的影响。计算结果表明,频率为2％、5％和10％的泥石流造成岷江堵塞的可能性较小,假设发生堵河事件,绵虒镇也不会受到溃坝洪水的危害。频率为1％的泥石流很可能造成主河堵塞。体积约57.38×104 m3的泥石流物质可以到达岷江,形成高度约为51.61 m的堰塞坝。在主河洪水的作用下,堰塞坝发生溃坝,溃坝洪水的峰值流量为5 935.49 m3/s,到达绵虒镇后降至2 312.25 m3/s。由于相应的洪水深度（4.00 m）大于防护堤的高度（3.50 m）,因此溃坝洪水很可能会对绵虒镇防护堤附近民房造成破坏。为今后大型泥石流堵河特征的分析,以及溃决洪水对下游城镇可能造成的影响提供了参考。 相似文献
8.
2018年10月和11月金沙江白格两次滑坡-堰塞堵江事件分析研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2018年10月11日和11月3日,在西藏自治区江达县波罗乡白格村与四川省白玉县绒盖乡则巴村交界处金沙江西藏岸（右岸）先后两次发生大规模高位滑坡,堵塞金沙江,形成堰塞湖。尤其是第二次滑坡-堰塞堵江,因坝体过高（堰塞湖水位可到50 m）,堰塞湖库容较大（超过5×108 m3）,不得不通过修建导流槽主动降低堰塞湖水位。经过人工干预,第二次堰塞体于11月13日被完全冲开,险情得以解除,但下泄的洪水在下游四川、云南境内仍造成严重的洪涝灾害。本文通过对两次滑坡的现场地质调查,结合历史遥感影像解译、InSAR监测、无人机航拍、地面变形监测等技术手段,查明了白格滑坡区斜坡的变形历史、两次滑坡及其堰塞堵江的基本特征及其动态演化特征,简述了第二次滑坡-堰塞体的应急处置以及为保证现场施工安全所开展的"实战性"监测预警工作。在同一部位先后两次发生大规模滑坡堵江事件并对其采取了及时有效的应急处置,其案例非常典型,对类似地质灾害事件具有很好的参考借鉴意义。 相似文献
9.
堰塞坝形成机理及稳定性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
滑坡、崩塌和泥石流是形成堰塞坝的三种主要方式,其形成堰塞坝的条件非常复杂,涉及因素广泛。另一方面,堰塞坝完全堵江形成堰塞湖在世界各国山区广泛分布,时有发生,造成严重灾害。因此,有必要对堰塞坝形成机理及安全性状评估进行研究。本文主要针对滑坡、崩塌、泥石流和碎屑流形成堰塞坝机理进行介绍并探讨了堰塞坝的破坏机制。同时,通过渗透稳定性、抗滑稳定性和抗冲刷稳定性3个方面评估了堰塞坝稳定性分析,以期为堰塞湖的防治与治理提供科学依据。 相似文献
10.
西藏波密易贡高速巨型滑坡概况 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
殷跃平 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2000,11(2):100-100
2000年4月9日晚8时左右,西藏林芝地区波密县易贡藏布河扎木弄沟发生大规模山体滑坡,历时约10min,滑程约8km,高差约3330m,截断了易贡藏布河(下游河床高程2190m),形成长约2500m、宽约2500m的滑坡堆积体,面积约5km^2,最厚达100m,平均厚60m,体积约2．8～3．0亿m。(见封面照片及照片1)。 相似文献
11.
黄河上游戈龙布滑坡高速下滑成因机制及堵江分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄河上游戈龙布滑坡位于积石峡水电站库区内,经过现场调查可知,戈龙布滑坡为一大型滑坡,整个滑坡体积达到5040万m3,一共分为4个区。研究表明,戈龙布滑坡成因机制为滑移－拉裂型,滑坡在黄河右岸经过高速远程下滑过后撞击上游山体,部分滑体越过黄河堆积于左岸并堵塞黄河达数百年,堰塞湖内有厚度达30余米的纹泥沉积,初步分析滑坡坝的高度在100m左右,库水深在70m左右,滑坡堵江时代在Q4时期。滑坡坝溃决后导致黄河改道,残留的滑体分别位移黄河的左岸和右岸。 相似文献
12.
2018年10月、11月于金沙江川藏交界处江达县波罗乡白格村先后发生两次体积约2400×104 m3和850×104 m3的滑坡,两次滑坡平均运动距离1400 m,堵塞金沙江形成堰塞湖。首次形成的堵江滑坡坝天然溃决,未造成人员伤亡;然而第2次滑坡堵塞第1次滑坡自然溃口,导致堰塞湖库容迅速增加到3.85×108 m3。政府部门立即开展抢险工作,通过人工修建溢洪道的方法成功泄洪,极大程度上降低洪水风险。本文利用PFC3D颗粒流软件模拟两次滑坡的发生、运动、堆积过程,并在反演结果的基础上对白格滑坡滑源区残留潜在不稳定部分未来失稳的运动路径和堆积范围进行预测,对其危险性进行科学评价。结果表明:（1）滑坡在重力作用下失稳,除了受初始势能的影响外,微地貌也是决定滑坡运动路径与距离的关键因素之一;（2）PFC3D颗粒流数值模拟方法适用于类似于白格滑坡这类碎屑流类型的滑坡,两次滑坡反演得到的堆积厚度、堆积范围均与真实结果相近;（3）利用两次事件反演所得参数,可以预测若滑源区潜在不稳定部分同时失稳,则形成约70 m高的滑坡坝,可能再次堵塞金沙江。 相似文献
13.
Between 2001 and 2005, a large debris rock slide occurred on the western slope of the Cordillera de Santa Cruz in the southeast
Andean corner of the Province of San Juan (31°40′ S–70°16′ W). The landslide material accumulated in a downstream gorge as
a natural dam of the Santa Cruz river, forming a large-volume lake. In November 2005, probably as a result of the increasing
pressure of the water volume, this natural dam breached off with a violent and unexpected flash flood. In addition to life-threatening
instances lived by some people downstream, this flood caused great economic loss to main localities of the Department of Calingasta,
as well as considerable damage to one of the most relevant projects of the Province, the Caracoles Hydropower Project dam
on the San Juan river. Considering the high costs of any physical remediation for a natural dam located in this high, remote,
and inaccessible mountain area with no reliable road access, the main protective measures left to be pondered are the installation
of a flash-flood early-warning system connected to downstream localities, along with a program of hydrological monitoring
at the dam-forming area and annual satellital monitoring to verify the evolution of accumulated mass movements. 相似文献
14.
Christopher I. Massey Vernon Manville Graham H. Hancox Harry J. Keys Colin Lawrence Mauri McSaveney 《Landslides》2010,7(3):303-315
The summit crater of Mt Ruapehu volcano normally hosts a 15.4-ha warm lake, whose water has been repeatedly wholly or partly
ejected by explosive and extrusive eruptions. Some of the larger eruptions have modified the lake outlet by burying it under
unconsolidated tephra (volcanic ash and blocks), creating a dam-break flood hazard independently of the occurrence of an eruption.
Eruptions in 1995 and 1996 followed this sequence; a break-out flood was anticipated and a warning system was installed to
mitigate the risk from this event and subsequent lahars in the same catchment. The 11-year filling time allowed much planning
and rehearsal. The warning system involved manual inspections of dam integrity, and seepage and lake-level monitoring to constrain
the likely failure window, and telemetered instruments including a tripwire and geophones to detect breaching of the dam and
propagation of the outbreak flood. The dam-collapse sequence, captured by a time-lapse camera, involved a series of retrogressing
landslides initiated and accelerated by seepage forces and toe scour when the lake was 1.1 m below overtopping. The barrier
failed in two phases on 18th March, 2007, beginning at 09:55 (NZST), with rapid retreat of one of the erosion scarps on the
downstream slope of the eastern barrier, initiated by internal erosion. Headward retrogression of the scarp into the barrier
formed an initial breach in the dam, after which increasing outflow led to erosion and undercutting of the wider downstream
toe of the western barrier. A final, larger dam breach occurred between 11:21 and 11:22 as slope instability caused retrogressive
failure of the remaining barrier. Five-hundred meters downstream of the dam, a large landslide was reactivated by toe scour
during the flood, contributing about a million cubic meters of solid material to the volumetric bulking of the outflow, which
reached the coast, 215 km away, 17 h later. The success of the planning and warning system allowed the whole event to occur
with little damage to infrastructure and without causing injury. 相似文献
15.
岷江上游小海子坝溃决洪水危险性评价 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
天然堆石坝溃决洪水,严重威胁下游的安全。在 计算岷江上游小海子坝不同溃决方式下的洪水演变规律基础上,对洪水灾害进行寂初步预测和评价 相似文献
16.
Without any omen, massive landslides induced by the Chi-Chi earthquake blocked up gorges of Ching-Shui creek, and produced a new landslide lake.Although emergency spillways have been constructed to prevent dam failures,overtopping and possible breaching may still occur due to excessive inflows in raining seasons. As a result, the downstream valleys will have serious inundation and the safety of people and properties will be in immediate danger. The purpose of this work is to simulate and to analyze the inundation potentials downstream of Tsao-Ling landslide lake using a hydrologic/hydraulic approach and GIS (Geographic Information System) technology. Hydrologic analysis is employed to describe regional rainfall-runoff characteristics andto design rainfall/runoff scenarios. One-dimensional dam break flood routings are performed with different return periods of rainfall events and dam failure durations for downstream creeks. The depletion hydrographs of dam break routings are applied into two-dimensional overland flow simulations for downstream lowlands. The results of hydraulic computations are evaluated with GIS maps for inundation potentials analysis, which can be usedto assist the planning of emergency response measures. 相似文献
17.
西藏嘉黎断裂带沿线高位链式地质灾害十分发育,多次在易贡藏布、帕隆藏布及雅鲁藏布江下游造成流域性灾害链破坏,如易贡高位滑坡灾害链、古乡高位泥石流灾害链、尖母普曲高位崩塌灾害链、米堆冰湖溃决灾害链等。本文基于实地调研,并结合前人资料,总结了嘉黎断裂带沿线高位链式地质灾害的成灾模式,认为其可划分为“高位崩滑-碎屑流-堵江-洪水灾害链”、“高位崩滑-堵江-洪水灾害链”、“高位泥石流-堵江-洪水灾害链”、“冰湖溃决灾害链”等4种类型。本文还从地质构造与地震、地貌与水系、冰川、气象等4个方面分析了高位链式地质灾害的孕灾条件,并对其成因及发展趋势进行了探讨,认为在当前条件下,随着全球变暖加剧和人类工程活动增强,嘉黎断裂带沿线高位链式地质灾害的发生将更加频繁。 相似文献
18.
Zhang Yansong Chen Jianping Zhou Fujun Bao Yiding Yan Jianhua Zhang Yiwei Li Yongchao Gu Feifan Wang Qing 《Landslides》2022,19(4):941-962
A large paleolandslide occurred opposite the Gangda village in the upper Jinsha River, SE Tibetan Plateau. Field geological investigations and remote sensing indicated that the Gangda paleolandslide once blocked the Jinsha River. Evidence of river blocking, including landslide dam relics, upstream lacustrine sediments, and downstream outburst sediments, has been well preserved. To understand the river-blocking event including landslide, dam breach, and associated outburst flooding, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating and numerical simulations were performed in this study. OSL dating results showed that the paleolandslide dam was formed at 5.4?±?0.5 ka BP and breached at 3.4?±?0.3 ka BP, indicating that the dam lasted approximately 2000 years. The discrete element method was used to simulate the dynamics of the Gangda rock landslide based on the restored topography, while a fluid–solid coupling model was performed to simulate the landslide dam breaching and flooding. The fluid–solid coupling model can simultaneously reflect the process of landslide-dam collapse and the propagation of outburst flood. The simulated results indicate that the whole landslide process lasted about 60 s with a peak velocity of 38 m/s. It is significant that the simulated morphology of the residual landslide dam and downstream outburst sediments is consistent with the field observations. The combined numerical investigation in this paper provided new insights into the research of landscape evolution and helped to understand the chain disaster of landslide, dam breach, and flooding.
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