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1.
Progress and Prospects of Salt Lake Research in China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
ZHENG Mianping ZHANG Zhen KONG Weigang and LIN Yongjie ZHANG Yongsheng LIU Xifang NIE Zhen KONG Fanjing QI Wen Jia Qingxian PU Linzhong HOU Xianhu WANG Hailei 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(4):1195-1235
China has unique salt lake resources, and they are distributed in the east of Eurasian salt lake subzone of the Northern Hemisphere Salt Lake Zone, mainly concentrated in the regions with modern mean annual precipitation lower than 500 mm. This paper preliminarily reviews the progress made in salt lake research in China for the past 60 years. In the research of Paleoclimate and paleoenvironment from salt lake sediments, a series of salts have been proposed to be indicators of paleoclimate, and have been well accepted by scholars. The chloride-sulfate depositional regions of the west Qaidam and the east Tarim have been revealed to be the drought center of China since the Quaternary, and more than 6 spreading stages of arid climate(salt forming) have been identified. Five pan-lake periods with highstands have been proved to exist during the late Quaternary on the Tibetan Plateau. In mineral resource prospecting and theories of the forming of salt deposits: the atlas(1:2500000) of hydrochemical zoning of salt lakes on the Tibetan Plateau has been compiled for the first time, revealing the zonal distribution and transition from carbonate type to chloride type from south to north and presenting corresponding mineral assemblages for different type of salt lakes; several large continental salt deposits have been discovered and the theory of continental potash deposition has been developed, including the salt deposition in deep basins surrounded by high mountains, the mineral deposition from multistage evolution through chains of moderate or shallow lakes with multilevels, the origin of potassium rich brines in gravel layers, and the forming of potassium deposits through the inheriting from ancient salt deposits, thus establishing the framework of "Continental Potash Deposition Theory"; several new types of Mg-borate deposits have been discovered, including the ulexite and pinnoite bed in Da Qaidam Lake, Qinghai, the pinnoite and kurnakovite bed in Chagcam Caka, Tibet, the kurnakovite bed in Lake Nyer, and the corresponding model of borate deposition from the cooling and dissolution of boron rich brines was proposed based on principles of geology, physics and chemistry. The anti-floatation-cold crystallization method developed independently has improved the capacity of KCl production to 3 million tons per year for the Qarham, serving the famous brand of potash fertilizer products. One 1.2 million ton K-sulfate production line, the biggest in the world, has been built in Lop Nor, and K-sulfate of about 1.6 million tons was produced in 2015. Supported by the new technology, i.e. brine preparation in winter-cooling-solarization-isolation-lithium deposition from salt gradient solar pond" the highest lithium production base at Zabuye Lake(4421 m), Tibet, has been established, which is the first lithium production base in China that reaches the year production of 5000 tons of lithium carbonate. The concept of Salt lake agriculture(Salt land agriculture) has been established based on the mass growth of Dunaliella and other bacillus-algae and the occurrence of various halophytes in saltmarsh and salt saline-alkali lands, finding a new way to increase arable lands and develop related green industry in salt rich environments. Finally this paper presents some new thoughts for the further research and development on salt science, and the further progress in salt science and technology will facilitate the maturing of the interdisciplinary science "Salinology". 相似文献
2.
西藏扎布耶碳酸盐型盐湖卤水相化学研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
中国盐湖资源丰富,且水化学类型齐全。西藏扎布耶盐湖位于西藏高原腹地,该湖卤水水化学类型为碳酸盐型,已处于盐湖演化晚期,是一个固液共存的盐湖矿床,具有很好的工业开发价值。笔者分别在15℃、25℃下对该卤水进行了等温蒸发实验,研究了在此两个温度下卤水中各元素富集行为和盐类矿物析出规律。并通过讨论其与国内外碳酸盐型和硫酸盐型锂盐湖的卤水蒸发路径和矿物析出异同,指出扎布耶盐湖具有其独特的卤水蒸发析盐路径。在本实验中低温有利于卤水中锂的富集,而高温有利于硼的富集,碳酸锂和钾盐交叉析出,低温时钾的矿物主要为钾石盐,高温时主要为钾芒硝,高温有利于获得高品位的碳酸锂混盐。 相似文献
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中国盐湖资源的开发利用与科技问题 总被引：41，自引：0，他引：41
我国青海、西藏、新疆、内蒙古等西部地区盐湖分布广泛,盐湖中蕴藏着丰富的钾、镁、锂、硼等盐类资源,潜在经济价值极大。开发利用这些资源对于西部地区经济发展、社会稳定和满足国家对钾、锂、镁、硼等的需求具有重要的现实意义。要认真考虑西部地区自然生态条件的脆弱性,一定要本着可持续发展原则搞好盐湖资源开发。在发展盐湖钾肥工业的同时,要高度重视和解决共生资源的综合利用。
介绍了我国盐湖资源现状,分析了国民经济发展对盐湖资源的需求情况,讨论了制约盐湖资源开发利用的重大科技问题。在介绍国内外盐湖科技发展现状与趋势的基础上,提出了盐湖资源综合利用的基本思路、科技发展目标,以及技术示范基地建设、支撑条件等方面的建议与政策措施。指出现阶段盐湖资源开发利用的主要力量应放在占我国总钾资源97%的柴达木盆地,通过加强盐湖资源开发科技攻关和加快产业化进程,解决制约盐湖钾、锂、镁、硼等资源的综合利用问题,加快盐湖资源综合利用工程示范基地的建设,在此基础上建设综合利用钾、锂、镁、硼等资源的现代化企业,为可持续开发西部资源做贡献。 相似文献
介绍了我国盐湖资源现状,分析了国民经济发展对盐湖资源的需求情况,讨论了制约盐湖资源开发利用的重大科技问题。在介绍国内外盐湖科技发展现状与趋势的基础上,提出了盐湖资源综合利用的基本思路、科技发展目标,以及技术示范基地建设、支撑条件等方面的建议与政策措施。指出现阶段盐湖资源开发利用的主要力量应放在占我国总钾资源97%的柴达木盆地,通过加强盐湖资源开发科技攻关和加快产业化进程,解决制约盐湖钾、锂、镁、硼等资源的综合利用问题,加快盐湖资源综合利用工程示范基地的建设,在此基础上建设综合利用钾、锂、镁、硼等资源的现代化企业,为可持续开发西部资源做贡献。 相似文献
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Mianping Zheng 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(6):1537-1546
The Chinese salt lake mega-region is controlled by an arid and semi-arid climate, and modern salt lakes are mainly distributed
within areas with mean annual precipitation <500 mm. According to their geomorphological features, structural conditions,
and material composition, salt lakes in China can be broadly divided into four regions. The degrees of exploitation and utilization
of these salt lakes differ because these four regions have experienced different climatic changes and structural activities
and have had their own characteristics of salt lake evolution since the beginning of the Quaternary. The salt lakes in these
regions have different scales, economic value, and technical conditions for traffic. Among others, Jarantai (Jartai) Salt
Lake and Yuncheng Salt Lake are better in terms of comprehensive utilization and environmental protection, and the potash
salt lakes represented by Qarhan are most important in terms of exploitation. At present, there exist many environmental problems
in the salt lake regions of China, especially in remote, small and medium-sized basins, where abusive or wasteful mining,
low recovery, and mining of a single saline mineral have caused impoverishment and large quantities of byproducts. Furthermore,
climatic environmental factors can also cause significant changes of salt lake environment. Since 1987, against the background
of global warming, the climate in the northwest salt lake region has turned warm and wet, and lakes have exhibited a tendency
for expansion and rise, whereas in the east of the region, the climate has remained in a warm dry stage, lake levels have
dropped, and salt lakes have become desertified. With the implementation of the strategy of building an environmentally friendly
society in China, increasing attention is being paid to eco-environmental protection. It is suggested that experience and
advanced techniques in terms of comprehensive utilization, overall development, and environmental protection of salt lakes
at home and abroad be further developed to strengthen observation and monitoring of environmental changes of salt lakes and
build an environmentally friendly, great salt lake industry. 相似文献
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中国盐湖锂资源的产业化现状-以西台吉乃尔盐湖和扎布耶盐湖为例 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
锂对国民经济和国家安全具有重要意义, 是21世纪的能源金属。近10年, 中国主要从国外进口碳酸锂产品。中国是一个多盐湖的国家, 盐湖锂占锂资源工业总储量的85%。现代第四纪盐湖主要分布在我国西北的青海、西藏、新疆和内蒙古四省区, 具有很好的开发前景。经过多年科研后, 目前国内已经在西台吉乃尔和扎布耶两个盐湖建立了卤水提锂产业。本文对比研究了这两个盐湖资源状况和地理气候条件, 以及由此而决定的盐湖资源开发工艺流程, 探讨了其工艺优化方向。并指出这两个盐湖具有锂资源储量大, 品位高的优势, 但是受盐湖类型或地理气候条件限制, 工艺上有待改善。建议继续加强对盐湖开发技术优化和对盐湖提锂产业的扶持。 相似文献
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我国钾盐找矿规律新认识和进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文通过对比研究国内外钾盐矿床成钾特征,总结出了我国海、陆相成盐盆地和成盐成钾特性:成盐具有多期性、成盐时代差异性、成盐作用迁聚性、物质成分多样性、后期盐盆地的变动性和多液态矿的特点;厘定了3个盐类成矿域和1个成矿带;提出了我国找钾策略——以海相蒸发盐盆地为主攻方向、兼探陆相盐湖及含钾地下卤水;提出了我国主要的古代盐盆地多产于“准克拉通(陆块)”,特别是海相盐盆地均发育于前寒武纪为基底的陆块中,以及钾盐沉积于构造稳定区中相对活动的亚稳定区和在构造亚稳定区中聚集于相对稳定区的新认识;发展了适合中国地质特点的找钾理论认识,有效地推动了油钾兼探工作.发现滇西南—羌北中上侏罗统若干钾盐显示,特别是指导和部署滇西南深部侏罗纪找钾,并取得超常规的进展;进一步缩小陕北奥陶系找钾包围圈;引领“油钾兼探”实施,实现了塔里木盆地库车凹陷古近系找钾的重大实质性进展;在柴达木盆地西部发现新的早第四纪富钾层位;指导和取得青藏高原特种盐湖综合找锂、钾和评价的重要进展,新发现一批大中型锂、钾特种盐湖(特别是多格错仁大型锂、硼(钾)盐湖)和取得综合利用工艺新进展. 相似文献
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硫酸钠亚型富锂卤水25℃等温蒸发过程的计算机模拟 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
我国青藏高原上分布有许多盐湖,其中扎布耶等碳酸盐型盐湖、东台吉乃尔等硫酸镁亚型盐湖是著名的富锂盐湖,已成功开发生产出碳酸锂产品。青藏高原上还有许多硫酸钠亚型盐湖,其卤水锂浓度高,钾、镁、硼等有用成分丰富。针对这些盐湖资源,目前尚未进行开发利用研究。这些卤水的等温蒸发实验研究,是必不可少的关键工作之一。本文使用我们由Pitzer电解质溶液理论建立的Li+,Na+,K+,Mg2+/Cl-,SO24--H2O体系的热力学模型,对25℃下几种硫酸钠亚型富锂卤水等温蒸发过程进行了计算机模拟,预测蒸发过程中盐类矿物的析出顺序、卤水组成变化规律、钠、钾、镁、锂盐的饱和点,并在此基础上进行卤水蒸发过程物料平衡关系的理论计算等。本文对西藏3种硫酸钠亚型卤水和国外2种硫酸钠亚型卤水25℃等温蒸发过程进行了模拟。其析盐顺序的特点是:在第一个矿物石盐饱和析出后,接着析出的含钾矿物是钾芒硝,而不是钾镁矾类矿物。其后钾盐则会以钾岩盐形式析出。锂盐饱和后则主要以复盐Li2SO4.K2SO4形式析出。美国银峰卤水的模拟结果与实验蒸发过程完全一致,并给出其继续蒸发时的析盐状况。另4种硫酸钠亚型卤水的模拟结果不仅可以作为未来实验研究的基本参考和注意点,同样也可作为其盐田设计和工艺安排的基本理论依据。本文研究为该类型卤水资源综合开发利用工艺路线的确立提供理论参考。 相似文献
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盐湖硼、锂、锶、氯同位素地球化学研究进展 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
盐湖作为盐矿资源的重要载体和富集区,探讨其矿物质来源及富集规律,不仅为盐湖的形成、演化及成盐成矿规律研究奠定了基础,也为盐湖资源评价及合理的开发利用提供了科学依据,具有重要的理论和现实意义。近年来,随着同位素地球化学的发展,同位素在盐湖领域的研究成果也日益丰富,使盐湖研究的深度和广度也得到快速发展。文章简要概述了硼、锂、锶、氯同位素的分馏机理及其在盐湖研究领域的发展历程,重点介绍了国内外取得的主要成果和最新进展,探讨了存在的问题,以促进硼、锂、锶、氯同位素地球化学研究在中国盐湖领域的进一步发展。 相似文献
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柴达木盆地大柴旦硼矿床地质特征及成矿机理 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
大柴旦盐湖因蕴藏固体和液体硼矿资源成为柴达木盆地诸多盐湖中最早被关注和开发的盐湖之一。不仅如此,大柴旦盐湖还沉积有全球少有分布的特色柱硼镁石矿床。此种特色硼矿床的成矿环境和形成机理目前尚未得到应有的关注和研究。本研究基于大柴旦盐湖因开采硼矿而揭露出来的湖中高分辨率的天然沉积剖面DCD-2和DCD03,利用岩性地层学、沉积学、矿物学、地球化学以及AMS 14 C年代学等多指标研究方法,深入探讨了更具特色的湖底柱硼镁石矿层以及其他硼矿层的成矿环境和成矿机理,丰富和完善了盐湖硼矿床成因理论。研究结果显示,大柴旦湖底柱硼镁石矿层(第一硼矿层)形成年代始于BC 1790a左右。湖底柱硼镁石含量为35%,B2O3含量约为3%~16%,属于中低品位硼矿层;而湖滨钠硼解石和水方硼石含量分别为82%和35%,B2O3平均含量约为3%~9%,属于低品位硼矿层。硼矿形成前的较长时期内,大柴旦盐湖是以碎屑沉积为主的非盐湖相沉积环境,此后快速进入硫酸盐型盐湖阶段和湖底柱硼镁石矿层形成阶段。湖底柱硼镁石以及湖滨钠硼解石和水方硼石是在特定水文地球化学条件和湖泊环境下形成,在湖区的不同地带,由于不同的成矿作用和成矿机理形成了不同的硼酸盐矿物或硼矿床。大柴旦盐湖硼酸盐矿床的形成受控于硼自身内在地球化学特性及其外在控制条件,是内外条件耦合的结果。在固体硼酸盐整个形成过程中,盐湖卤水都呈现弱碱性—碱性,这是盐湖硼酸盐沉积形成的先决条件。文章提出了盐湖固体硼酸盐的具体形成机理并确定大柴旦盐湖硼矿床为高山-深盆-浅水成矿模式。 相似文献
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锂是重要的能源金属,分布高度集中。目前可开发利用的锂矿床主要有盐湖卤水型、伟晶岩型、黏土型、锂沸石型、其他卤水型（包括油气田卤水亚类和地热卤水亚类）和离子吸附型6种类型。除伟晶岩型锂矿的时代呈幕式分布,其他类型的锂矿主要集中形成于新生代。新生代锂矿占全球已查明资源量的75%,主要分布于显生宙造山带如安第斯锂三角地区、中国川藏地区、北美科迪勒拉等地区,其余锂矿则主要分布在前寒武纪克拉通如西澳克拉通、刚果克拉通、西非克拉通和加拿大地盾等区域。盐湖卤水型和伟晶岩型锂矿找矿潜力大,是目前勘探开发的主要类型。 相似文献
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中国可溶性钾盐资源地质特征与潜力评价 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
中国可溶性钾盐资源严重不足,属于大宗紧缺矿产之一。文章在系统地收集、整理、分析中国16个省（区）110个预测区的钾盐资源调查研究成果的基础上,对中国钾盐地质特征进行了系统研究,首次对中国可溶性钾盐的资源潜力进行了预测,并指出主要的有潜力地区,为下一步开展钾盐勘查与科学研究提供参考依据。中国可溶性钾盐品位低、质量差,但伴生的有益元素较多,含盐系地层分布多,主要地质时代均有石盐或卤水的聚集,与此相对应,在部分层位有钾盐层或含钾卤水的出现。中国已探明钾盐资源主要为陆相钾盐,而且以第四纪盐湖卤水钾盐占多数,并已进行大规模开发;海相钾盐没有突破,但具有较大的潜力。中国可溶性钾盐资源潜力为128.52亿吨,资源潜力上亿吨的省（自治区）有四川（85.45亿吨）、陕西（34亿吨）、湖北（3.43亿吨）、云南（3.17亿吨）、新疆（1.07亿吨）。总体看来,中国钾盐研究程度不高,资源潜力大多在3343的水平。 相似文献
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P. de Caritat E. N. Bastrakov S. Jaireth P. M. English J. D. A. Clarke T. P. Mernagh 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2019,66(3):411-430
We collected 38 groundwater and two surface-water samples in the semi-arid Lake Woods region of the Northern Territory to better understand the hydrogeochemistry of this system, which straddles the Wiso, Tennant Creek and Georgina geological regions. Lake Woods is presently a losing waterbody feeding the underlying groundwater system. The main aquifers comprise mainly carbonate (limestone and dolostone), siliciclastic (sandstone and siltstone) and evaporitic units. The water composition was determined in terms of bulk properties (pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, redox potential), 40 major, minor and trace elements, and six isotopes (δ18Owater, δ2Hwater, δ13CDIC, δ34SSO42–, δ18OSO42–, 87Sr/86Sr). The groundwater is recharged through infiltration in the catchment from monsoonal rainfall (annual average rainfall ～600?mm) and runoff. It evolves geochemically mainly through evapotranspiration and water–mineral interaction (dissolution of carbonates, silicates and to a lesser extent sulfates). The two surface waters (one from the main creek feeding the lake, the other from the lake itself) are extraordinarily enriched in 18O and 2H isotopes (δ18O of +10.9 and +16.4‰ VSMOW, and δ2H of +41 and +93‰ VSMOW, respectively), which is interpreted to reflect evaporation during the dry season (annual average evaporation ～3000?mm) under low humidity conditions (annual average relative humidity ～40%). This interpretation is supported by modelling results. The potassium (K) relative enrichment (K/Cl– mass ratio over 50 times that of sea water) is similar to that observed in salt-lake systems worldwide that are prospective for potash resources. Potassium enrichment is believed to derive partly from dust during atmospheric transport/deposition, but mostly from weathering of K-silicates in the aquifer materials (and possibly underlying formations). Further studies of Australian salt-lake systems are required to reach evidence-based conclusions on their mineral potential for potash, lithium, boron and other low-temperature mineral system commodities such as uranium. 相似文献
16.
古盐湖卤水温度对钾盐沉积的控制作用探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
古盐湖卤水的温度对钾盐沉积的控制作用的定量研究是钾盐成矿机理分析的重点和难点。本文分析和测试陕北盐盆奥陶系马家沟组、四川盆地三叠系嘉陵江组、云南兰坪-思茅盆地白垩系及老挝沙空那空盆地白垩系等八个含盐系的石盐岩中的流体包裹体,并利用均一温度计算了古盐湖的蒸发速率。若以老挝白垩纪时盐湖的蒸发速率为标准值100,陕北奥陶纪、四川三叠纪、云南白垩纪的蒸发速率标准值分别为54、68和90,而目前在老挝和云南白垩系都找到了一定规模的钾盐矿,因此高温(气温及水温)是盐湖成钾的有利条件,在卤水演化成钾的过程中可以起到重要的"催化"作用。 相似文献
17.
苏干湖盆地是嵌套在柴达木盆地中的一个封闭盆地,大、小苏干湖是盆地地表水和地下水的汇集中心,两湖相距20km,但大苏干湖为咸水湖、小苏干湖为淡水湖。文章通过氢、氧同位素分析盆地中大、小苏干湖湖水补给来源,解释了两湖虽近,但矿化度差别较大的原因。为解决敦煌盆地地下水资源短缺问题,政府部门计划从苏干湖盆地地下水的主要补给源——大哈尔腾河引水至党河当中,但湖水补给源的不同,导致引水对两湖影响不一。结果表明,大苏干湖湖水补给来源为大、小哈尔腾河上游4 800m以上冰雪融水补给,且径流路径长,蒸发强烈。小苏干湖主要由来自党河南山西段和阿尔金山区雨水补给,径流路径短。因此,大、小苏干湖矿化度差别较大,补给源的不同导致引水对大苏干湖湖水影响较大,而对小苏干湖湖水影响较小。 相似文献
18.
A.W. Mann 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1983,47(2):181-190
Groundwater samples collected from salt lakes over the Archean Yilgarn Block of Western Australia, show the influence of climate on geochemical weathering patterns. Major element compositions in salt lake groundwaters, show little systematic trend, but there are marked differences in pH and Fe, Cu, and Pb, concentrations in the alkaline carbonated systems of the arid northeastern part, compared to concentrations of the same elements in groundwater systems of the Mediterranean-type climatic region of the “wheatbelt” in the southwestern part of the block. In this latter region, in addition to higher rainfall input, the groundwater systems have steeper hydraulic gradients, weathering bedrock is closer to the surface, and oxidation and hydrolysis of iron (ferrolysis) is evident in weathering profiles. A combination of vertical diffusion and horizontal groundwater flow is thought to be responsible for the development of ferrolysis and acidity in groundwaters in this region. Anomalously high concentrations of heavy metals, particularly lead, are observed in some of the acid-saline groundwaters. The formation of laterite, which is a ubiquitous feature of the Yilgam Block landscape, is a process probably closely linked to ferrolysis. 相似文献
19.
中国锂矿成矿规律概要 总被引：50，自引：2，他引：48
锂资源是我国高新产业发展的保障性资源和战略性资源之一.我国锂矿资源丰富,主要集中在西藏、青海、四川和江西4省(区).锂矿床类型以硬岩型为主,盐湖锂矿虽然储量巨大,但开发利用技术尚待发展.硬岩型锂矿又以伟晶岩型为主,集中分布在新疆阿尔泰和川西甲基卡等矿集区;成矿时代以中生代最为重要;成矿大地构造背景以造山运动之后的稳定环境最具特色.本次在对全国151处锂矿矿产地资料系统梳理的基础上,深入总结了全国锂矿的成矿规律,厘定出14个以锂为主的矿床成矿系列,认为伟晶岩型、花岗岩型和盐湖沉积型3个锂矿预测类型应该作为重点预测类型,并划分出12个成锂带,圈定出5个重要勘查评价区,并编制了“中国成锂带分布图”等系列图件,为本次全国锂矿资源潜力评价预测工作和今后的找矿工作提供了理论依据. 相似文献
20.
Qaidam Basin is a hyperarid inland basin with an area of 121 × 103 km2 located on the northern Tibetan Plateau. Today, one fourth of the basin is covered by playas and hypersaline lakes. Nearly 80% of brine lithium found in China is contained in four salt lakes: Bieletan (BLT), DongTaijinaier (DT), XiTaijinaier (XT) and Yiliping (YLP). In the past decade, great attention was paid to improving the technology for the extraction of lithium from the brine deposits, but studies on origin and mode of formation of the brine deposits remained limited. Our recent investigations found that: (1) ~ 748.8 t of lithium was transported annually into the lower catchment of the four salt lakes via the Hongshui–Nalinggele River (H–N River), the largest river draining into the Qaidam Basin, (2) Li+-rich brines are formed only in salt lakes associated with inflowing rivers with Li+ concentrations greater than 0.4 mg/L, and (3) the water Li+ concentration is positively correlated with both the inflowing river and the associated subsurface brine, including saline lakes with low lithium concentrations. These findings clearly indicate that long-term input of Li+ from the H–N River controls the formation of lithium brine deposits. Here we determine that the source of the lithium is from hydrothermal fields where two active faults converge in the upper reach of the Hongshui River. The hydrothermal fields are associated with a magmatic heat source, as suggested by the high Li+ and As3 + content water from geysers. Based on the assumption of a constant rate of lithium influx, we estimate that the total reserves of lithium were likely formed since the postglacial period. Our data indicate that lithium reserves in each of the four salt lakes depend on the influx of Li+-bearing water from the H–N River. The data also suggest that during the progradation of the alluvial Fan I, the H–N River drained mostly into the BLT salt lake until the Taijinaier River shifted watercourse to the north and began to feed the salt lakes of the DT, XT and YLP, alongside with the Fan II progradation. The inference is consistent with stratigraphic evidence from the sediment cores of the four salt lakes. One of the major findings of our work is the importance of the contrasting hydroclimatic conditions between the high mountains containing ice caps and the terminal salt lakes. The greater than 4000 m of relief in the watershed enables a massive amount of ions, such as K+, to be weathered and transported together with detrital material from the huge, relatively wet alpine regions to the hyperarid terminal basins, where intense evaporation rapidly enriches the lake water, resulting in evaporite deposition and associated K+- and Li+-rich brine deposits. 相似文献