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北京市大气PM_(10)中有机污染物的分布特征 总被引：8，自引：7，他引：1
大气有机污染物直接影响着人类的健康及其赖以生存的环境。通过采集北京市2005年春、夏、秋、冬4季不同功能区的大气PM10样品,经索氏抽提分离得到饱和烃、芳香烃、非烃、沥青质4个组分,对不同功能区不同季节大气有机物污染水平及其分布特征进行探讨。结果表明:大气PM10中有机物年均质量浓度达41.39μg/m3,为清洁对照点十三陵的1.4倍;一年中,冬季污染最严重,PM10中有机污染物的质量浓度达67.04μg/m3,为春季的1.2倍、秋季的2.1倍、夏季的4.5倍;有机组分含量呈现非烃>沥青质>芳烃>饱和烃的变化趋势,说明燃煤污染在北京市大气有机污染中仍然起主导作用;各功能区的有机污染程度不同,表现出工业区(商业区)>居民区(交通区)>清洁区的特点,但不同季节的变化不完全一致;不同功能区有机组分的比例体现出不同污染源的相对影响。 相似文献
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化石燃料产生的有机污染物对北京大气的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
北京地区大气中有机污染物的污染程度已经变得越来越严重 ,氮、硫、氧化合物含量最高。根据北京市工业、商业、交通、居民点等分布特征 ,将北京市划分为工业区、化工工业区、商业区、交通繁忙区、居民区、文教区、清洁区等功能区。类脂化合物的产率春季 (4月 )平均值为 1.4 0 μｇ/ｍ3 (ｎ =32 ) ,夏季 (7月 )为 0 .86 μｇ/ｍ3 (ｎ =32 ) ,秋季 (10月 )为 5.85μｇ/ ｍ3 (ｎ =32 ) ,冬季 (1月 ) 13.4 7μｇ/ｍ3 (ｎ =8)。春夏季气溶胶类脂化合物平均产率相近且相对较低 ,而秋冬季平均产率较高。有冬季 >秋季 >春季 >夏季的分布规律。这种分… 相似文献
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收集了太原市不同功能区的大气总悬浮颗粒物样品,经超声波提取分离得到正构烷烃、多环芳烃,经色谱-质谱分析表明,太原市大气颗粒物中正构烷烃主要来源于化石燃料的燃烧,少量为自然排放源。含量较高的不带取代基的多环芳烃有8种,其年平均浓度为1.50μg/m3,其中苯并(a)芘的年平均浓度为74.7ng/m3。多环芳烃的浓度分布为一电厂化工区>太钢工业区>桃园三巷商业居民区>太行仪表厂文化区。利用三角图与烟尘、汽车尾气样品中的多环芳烃特征相比较,认为太原市大气颗粒物中的多环芳烃主要来源于煤的燃烧。 相似文献
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鼎湖山自然保护区大气气溶胶中的PAHs 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
多环芳烃（PAHs)是环境中分布广泛、危害人类健康的有机化合物，通过对鼎湖山自然保护区自然地理和大气气溶胶中苯并（a)芘分析认为，春季样品中大气气溶胶中PAHs主要来源于高等植物排放，夏季来源于珠江三角洲经济区化石燃烧排放。 相似文献
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太原市大气颗粒物中有机物浓度的分布特征 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
首次研究了太原市大气颗粒物中的有机物分布特征。收集了太原市不同功能区冬夏两季的大气颗粒样品,经抽提分离取得饱和烃、芳香烃、非烃、沥青质4组馏分。分析结果表明:(1)大气颗粒中有机物浓度在取暖期高于非取暖期;(2)各功能区的有机污染程度不同,太钢工业区>长风剧场商业居民混合区>一电厂化工区、太行文化区。(3)各馏分浓度中沥青质含量普遍高,饱和烃含量最低,非烃、芳香烃馏分居中,且相对较低。(4)太原市整体污染主要为煤的燃烧和工业生产、尾气排放。 相似文献
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中国煤中多环芳烃的测定——氧化铝柱预分离高效液相色谱法 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
对国产１５种有代表性的不同变质程度的原煤用苯作溶剂经索氏提取，采用氧化铝柱层析对提取液进行预分离，净化，利用高效液色相谱法分别对上述提取液的１５种多环芳烃进行了定性，定量测定。为研究ＰＡＨＳ在不同煤种中的赋存规律，找出造成ＰＡＨＳ污染的主要煤种和主要污染形式提供了简便，可靠的分析方法和必要的基础数据。 相似文献
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选取某化工场地作为研究对象,采集不同深度的原状土壤样品和原状地下水样品,对土壤样品和地下水样品的16种优控多环芳烃进行定量分析,研究不同种类的多环芳烃在包气带和饱和带中的分布特征和迁移规律.研究表明,在平面上,多环芳烃在土壤和地下水中的污染高值区与生产车间分布基本一致;在垂向上,土壤中的16种多环芳烃集中分布在杂填土层,低环和中环的多环芳烃更易向下迁移,并在黏土层产生一定的富集,仅有最低环的萘通过包气带迁移至饱和层中,饱和层中的萘一部分在地下水中扩散,一部分仍继续垂向迁移至更深层的土壤中.通过特定分子间的浓度比值,初步判定场地土壤中的多环芳烃来源为原油的不完全燃烧. 相似文献
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以渤海水体中多环芳烃(PAHs)为研究对象,分别于2019年6月(春夏季)、8月(夏季)和11月(秋季)采集渤海海域的表、底层海水样品,利用气相色谱–质谱联用仪分析了水体中15种优控PAHs,并对其污染水平、单体组成、时空分布及来源特征进行了分析。结果表明,6月、8月和11月渤海表层海水15种PAHs的总浓度(∑_(15)PAHs)范围分别为10.1~67.0、3.20~24.2和6.14~21.5 ng/L,均值浓度分别为34.2±16.8、9.75±4.94和16.0±3.96 ng/L,季节性特征表现为6月>11月>8月。从存在形式看,海水溶解相中PAHs主要以低环为主,高环PAHs更易赋存在海水颗粒相中。水平分布上总体表现出近岸高、中部低的分布特征,河流输入是渤海水体中PAHs的主要来源,渤海南部海域受黄河流域河流输入影响污染尤其严重;垂直分布上春秋季节渤海表、底层没有明显的浓度差异,说明在强烈季风影响下水体垂直混合能力增强,而夏季则在中部海域形成PAHs表层浓度高、底层浓度低的现象,推测与夏季渤海中部冷水团和温跃层的出现有关。特征比值和主成分分析结果表明,多环芳烃的污染源没有明显的季节差异,化石燃料和生物质燃烧是渤海水体中PAHs的主要来源。 相似文献
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太原市大气颗粒物中正构烷烃的分布特征及环境意义 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
对太原市大气颗粒物中正构烷烃进行了ＧＣ－ＭＳ和ＧＣ－Ｃ－ＭＳ分析和研究。结果表明,太原市大气颗粒物中正构烷烃的分布特征在冬夏两季有明显的差异,但是同一季节不同的功能区差异不明显,而其正构烷烃的单分子系列碳同位素组成有明显的差生,即：太钢工业区为－２２．６‰,桃园四巷商业忧区为－２７．９‰,化肥厂化工区为－３２．９８‰,分布特征表明其主要来源于人为的化石燃料燃烧产物,夏季有极少部分是来源于细菌和高等 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(4):409-417
The study of the Pb isotopic and elemental composition of eolian dusts, aerosols and soils collected from urban areas in the Pearl River Delta, China, indicates that the atmospheric Pb pollution originates from automobile exhausts and industry. The Pb isotopes allow distinguishing between Pb from the natural background, automobile exhausts, and industrial pollution. The Pb isotopes show that the air-carried Pb pollution in Guangzhou and Foshan is a mixture of industrial Pb from the Fankou Pb-Zn giant deposit and automobile exhaust, whereas the pollution in Foshan is mainly from industry. The chemical compositions show that aerosols possess features of volcanic ash, and eolian dusts are mixtures of aluminosilicates-sulfides. 相似文献
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The joint application of electromagnetic techniques for near-surface exploration is a useful tool for soil pollution monitoring
and can also contribute towards describing the spatial distribution of pollutants. The results of a geophysical field survey
that was carried out for characterizing the heavy metal and waste disposal soil pollution phenomena in the industrial area
of Val Basento (Basilicata region, Southern Italy) are presented here. First, topsoil magnetic susceptibility measurements
have been carried out for defining the spatial distribution of superficial pollution phenomena in the investigated area. Second,
detailed and integrated measurements based on a high-resolution magnetic mapping and ground probing radar (GPR) profiling
have been applied to investigate the subsurface in two industrial areas located in more polluted sites that were identified
during the first phase. Our monitoring strategy discloses the way to rapidly define the zone characterized by high pollution
levels deriving from chemical industries and traffic emissions and to obtain the way information about the presence of local
buried sources of contamination. 相似文献
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T. A. Adedosu H. O. Adedosu O. S. Sojinu A. A. Olajire 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,68(8):2139-2144
Soil samples were collected at different locations from Etche and Obio Akpor local government area (LGA) of River State in Niger Delta. The n-alkane and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were determined qualitatively and quantitatively using GC-FID. The concentration of PAHs in the soil samples ranged from 7.40 to 78.3 ng/g. The highest concentration of PAHs was recorded in Agbada 1 flow station, while the lowest concentration was recorded in Agbada 2 flow station. A significant level of pollution was also observed in the soil of Bomu pipeline at Obio Akpor LGA. Also, the distribution of n-alkanes in the samples was also used to assess the level of pollution in the studied area. Various n-alkanes and PAHs ratios were obtained to know the major source of pollution in the area under study. The main source of pollution was pyrolytic, which might be due to the gas flaring activities going on in the study area. Also, the results showed that n-alkanes could also be a complementary tool in assessing pollution and source apportionment. 相似文献
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内蒙古乌海粉尘浓度时空分布及影响因素探析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于2018年1月与7月采用流动监测法,对内蒙古乌海粉尘颗粒物进行采集,结合监测站数据,研究乌海不同粒径粉尘浓度时空分布规律及影响因素。结果表明:乌海市冬春季粉尘污染远远高于夏秋季,春季污染最严重,夏季污染相对较轻。PM2.5污染最严重月份为3月,PM10污染最严重月份为4月。一天中粉尘浓度峰值出现在10:00—12:00,谷值出现在16:00—18:00。空间上东部粉尘浓度高值区以条带状分布,中南部和西部以点源放射状向周围扩散。不同土地利用类型内部粉尘浓度特征均不同。工矿用地和城镇内部浓度高于有林地和未利用地,耕地和水体内部浓度最低;工矿用地是乌海市粗颗粒粉尘的主要来源,城镇是乌海夏季细颗粒粉尘的主要来源,水体、耕地和有林地可明显降低空气中颗粒物浓度。总悬浮颗粒物(total suspended particulate,TSP)和不同粒径颗粒物(particulate matter,PM),包括PM10、PM2.5、PM1等粉尘浓度与风速、湿度呈正相关,与温度、海拔呈负相关,其中气压是影响TSP浓度的最主要因素,湿度是影响PM1-10的最主要因素。不同粒径粉尘浓度受到归一化指数、气象、地形等多因素综合制约,单一条件对大气粉尘影响有限。 相似文献
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The purpose of this study is to comparatively investigate the plant uptake, accumulation and translocation behaviors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as priority pollutants in soil contaminated with oily sludge. The influence of different oily sludge application doses on the uptake of contaminants was studied together with the profile of individual PAH in roots, straws and leaves of winter wheat. Pot experiments were conducted using oily sludge application doses of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent, respectively. The total PAHs contents of control soil and oily sludge were 16.96 and 3504.66 μg/g, respectively. Analysis for the contents of the 16 PAHs was carried out with a HPLC-UV using plant tissue samples obtained at the 265th day of growth. The total PAHs contents in treated winter wheat were 9.02-334.81 ng/g for roots, 8.45-336.52 ng/g for straws and 10.70-406.32 ng/g for leaves. In addition to 5% of oily sludge dose, the total PAHs content in leaves was always highest under other doses of oily sludge application. With respect to individual PAH, the content did not show a significant plant tissue related trend. However, both the total content and individual content of PAHs in treated winter wheat tissues did increase with increasing oily sludge application dose. Another analysis for the control soil indicates that the degradation rate of PAHs was significantly enhanced by winter wheat after 265 days of growth based on the residual concentrations of PAHs in planted and unplanted soils. 相似文献
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Iman Tahmasbian Azadeh Nasrazadani Hojat Shoja Ali Akbar Safari Sinegani 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(4):1551-1560
The excessive input of trace elements into urban soil has become one of the most important concerns in industrial and crowded cities all over the world. The contamination of urban soils can affect the health of people living in urban areas, and the surrounding ecosystems. Current study was conducted to assess the effects of human activities as well as different land-use on accumulation of trace elements in urban topsoil and also identify the potential risks to human health in Isfahan (Iran). A total of 95 topsoil samples were taken from different localities of Isfahan City and analyzed for Zn, Pb, Cu and Cr using the atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. Pollution index (PI) was calculated for each trace element to identify the rate of trace element accumulation with respect to the background values. Land-use map and geochemical maps were also created for evaluating of spatial distribution of pollution index and trace elements’ concentration in the studied area. Overlapping the concentrations’ map and land-use map revealed that the highest values of pollution index and trace elements’ concentration were located in central part of the city and highways with a great vehicle traffic load and also in the vicinity of industrial factories that increased potential health hazards to the local community. On the other hand, lowest values of trace elements were located in green-lands with strict vehicle traffic laws. These results indicated that different land-use and human activities have affected quality of urban topsoil of Isfahan resulting in great apprehensions regarding public health in crowded parts of the city. 相似文献