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Characteristics of geothermal reservoirs and utilization of geothermal resources in the southeastern coastal areas of China 
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下载免费PDF全文 Based on regional geological setting, stratigraphic distribution and other geological conditions, this paper summarized three types of geothermal reservoirs in the southeast coastal areas of China: Cenozoic sandstone or sandy conglomerate reservoir, Mesozoic granite fissure reservoir and Paleozoic karst reservoir. Cenozoic sandstone or sandy conglomerate reservoirs are mainly located in Cenozoic basins, such as Zhangzhou, Fuzhou, Sanshui and Leiqiong basins. The Tertiary sedimentary basins such as Leiqiong Basin and Sanshui Basin, are controlled by NE-trending faults, while the Quaternary sedimentary such as Zhangzhou and Fuzhou basins are controlled by NW-trending faults. Mesozoic granite fissure reservoirs are mainly distributed in the southeast coastal areas, such as Zhangzhou, Fuzhou, Fengshun, Yangjiang and southern part of Hainan Province. The distribution of good Mesozoic granite fissure reservoir in these areas is mainly controlled by NE-trending faults. Paleozoic carbonate reservoirs are widely distributed in these areas. Most carbonate rocks are from the upper Paleozoic strata, such as those in the area of Huizhou in Guangdong Province. The major types of geothermal systems in the southeast coastal areas of China belong to medium and low-temperature convection. The geothermal resources developed from the ground to-3 000 m underground could be utilized directly for space heating, greenhouse heating, aquaculture pond heating and industrial uses, as well as other purposes. The geothermal resources with a depth of 3 000～6 000 m underground is mainly featured by Hot Dry Rock(HDR) with a temperature ranges from 150 ℃ to 200 ℃, which is conductive to the development of Enhanced Geothermal System(EGS) and can be utilized for power generation. 相似文献
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Reservoir simulators typically use cell‐centered finite volume schemes and do not model directly the coupling of the flow processes with the geomechanics. Coupling of geomechanics with fluid flow can be important in many cases, but introducing fully coupled geomechanical effects in those simulators is not a trivial issue, because the geomechanics is better done by using the Galerkin vertex‐centered finite element methods by which the solid displacements are computed at the vertices of the cells. This creates difficulties in interfacing cell variables with nodal variables. Uncoupled or loosely coupled models are used by many researchers/practitioners by which a reservoir model is coupled to a geomechanical model by staggering in‐time flow and deformation via a sophisticated interface that repeatedly calls first flow and then mechanics. The method therefore requires projection of the reservoir cell variables onto the nodes of the geomechanics Galerkin finite element mesh. In this note, we attempt to quantify the errors associated with cell to node projection operations. For that purpose, we use a simple model of the pressure equation for a heterogeneous medium in one dimension. We are able to derive the exact analytical solution for this problem for both nodal and cell pressures. This allows us to compute the errors due to projection analytically, function of meshing refinement and permeability field variations. We compute upper and lower bounds for the errors, and analyze their magnitude for a variety of cases. We conclude that, in general, cell to node projection operations lead to substantial errors. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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天津滨海新区地热与石油资源同盆共存。为了更合理地开发油田地区地热资源,有效降低深部地热资源的开发风险,通过对油区深部东营组的地热资源热储、地温场、沉积相和流体化学等特征进行综合分析,总结了研究区东营组热储的富集规律。在此基础上利用数值模型计算了区内东营组地热资源100 a热流体开采资源量,并进行资源开采潜力评价。以开采潜力评价分区为基础,集成分析了地热资源有利勘探区应具的富油程度、规模大小、温度高低等要素的权重,对区内东营组地热资源有利勘探区进行分区。该研究对油区内深部地热资源的勘查及降低开发风险具有指导意义。 相似文献
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TANG Yongxiang CHENG Wanqing ZHAO Sumin TIAN Guanghui LI Yuanyuan ZENG Meixiang LI Hao 《中国地质调查》2014,7(4):37-42
The geothermal resources and petroleum coexist in Binhai New Area, Tianjin. In order to exploit and reduce the exploitation risk of the geothermal resources in oil field, the authors analyzed the thermal storage, geothermal field, sedimentary facies and fluid chemistry, and summaried the enrichment mechanism of thermal reservoir in Dongying Formation. The thermal fluid exploitation resources for 100 years were calculated by the numerical model, and the exploitation potential was evaluated. Then on the basis of the exploitation potential, the factor weight of oil-rich degree, size and temperature of geothermal resources in the favorable exploration areas was analyzed. The favorable exploration areas were partitioned. This research has important significance in the exploration of deep geothermal resources and the reduction of development risk in the oil area. 相似文献
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The Geomechanics of CO2 Storage in Deep Sedimentary Formations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jonny Rutqvist 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2012,30(3):525-551
This paper provides a review of the geomechanics and modeling of geomechanics associated with geologic carbon storage (GCS), focusing on storage in deep sedimentary formations, in particular saline aquifers. The paper first introduces the concept of storage in deep sedimentary formations, the geomechanical processes and issues related with such an operation, and the relevant geomechanical modeling tools. This is followed by a more detailed review of geomechanical aspects, including reservoir stress-strain and microseismicity, well integrity, caprock sealing performance, and the potential for fault reactivation and notable (felt) seismic events. Geomechanical observations at current GCS field deployments, mainly at the In Salah CO2 storage project in Algeria, are also integrated into the review. The In Salah project, with its injection into a relatively thin, low-permeability sandstone is an excellent analogue to the saline aquifers that might be used for large scale GCS in parts of Northwest Europe, the U.S. Midwest, and China. Some of the lessons learned at In Salah related to geomechanics are discussed, including how monitoring of geomechanical responses is used for detecting subsurface geomechanical changes and tracking fluid movements, and how such monitoring and geomechanical analyses have led to preventative changes in the injection parameters. Recently, the importance of geomechanics has become more widely recognized among GCS stakeholders, especially with respect to the potential for triggering notable (felt) seismic events and how such events could impact the long-term integrity of a CO2 repository (as well as how it could impact the public perception of GCS). As described in the paper, to date, no notable seismic event has been reported from any of the current CO2 storage projects, although some unfelt microseismic activities have been detected by geophones. However, potential future commercial GCS operations from large power plants will require injection at a much larger scale. For such large-scale injections, a staged, learn-as-you-go approach is recommended, involving a gradual increase of injection rates combined with continuous monitoring of geomechanical changes, as well as siting beneath a multiple layered overburden for multiple flow barrier protection, should an unexpected deep fault reactivation occur. 相似文献
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中国典型干热岩潜力区的地热深井部署 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国干热岩开发研究领域起步晚,在深部地质、地热、水文地质、钻探、地球物理等多方面存在难题。高温深井钻探的难度大、投资高和风险大,布井是高温地热资源开发需解决的首要问题。科学布井可以降低钻探难度、风险和投资。干热岩试验靶区遴选结果显示:羊八井、腾冲、漳州等为我国典型干热岩开发潜力区。但我国干热岩地热深井钻探超前于基础理论研究,钻探存在盲目性、低效性和不确定性。本文对上述3个典型干热岩潜力区的地热深井布署条件做了分析,其结果具有重要理论价值和实践价值,可促进我国干热岩开发研究。 相似文献
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《China Geology》2018,1(2):273-285
Geothermal energy is a precious resource, which is widely distributed, varied, and abundant. China has entered a period of rapid development of geothermal energy since 2010. As shallow geothermal energy promoting, the depth of hydrothermal geothermal exploration is increasing. The quality of Hot Dry Rock (HDR) and related exploratory technologies are better developed and utilized. On the basis of geothermal development, this paper reviews the geothermal progress during the “12th Five-Year Plan”, and summarizes the achievements of hydrothermal geothermal and hot dry rocks from geothermal survey and evaluation aspects. Finally, the authors predict the development trend of the future geothermal research to benefit geothermal and hot dry rock research. 相似文献
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Helmut Tenzer Chan-Hee Park Olaf Kolditz Christopher Ian McDermott 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(4):853-880
Earth-reservoirs are increasingly exploited today with the extraction of resources, such as heat and hydrocarbons, and the
large-scale emplacement of waste, such as CO2 sequestration. The characterization, site investigation, predictive modeling and long-term monitoring are dependent on the
processes being investigated and modeled. In most cases complex coupled processes have to be addressed in a geologically complex
rock mass system. In this paper we present a conceptual holistic framework known as geomechanical facies linking all the scales
of investigation, characterization and reservoir development methods. We demonstrate this concept on the work undertaken during
the design and development of the enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) systems at the forefront of European Hot-Dry-Rock (HDR)
technology, Soultz-sous-Forêts (France) and Spa Urach (Germany). Soultz-sous-Forêts is situated within granitic rocks and
an active tectonic graben system in the central part of the Rhine Graben. It presents conditions of lithology, temperature,
stress, hydraulics and geochemistry that are very different from those at Spa Urach, located in a very dense gneiss formation
in the South German crystalline complex. Spa Urach exhibits more elastic behavior and is set tectonically within an almost
inactive strike-slip stress field described in more detail in Sects. “Drill core analysis” and “Hydraulic stimulation at Spa Urach”. This paper compares the exploration and field development methods used at these two sites against the back drop of the
geomechanical facies concept. Issues addressed include the key parameters for flow and heat transport properties, coupled
hydro-mechanical process identification, the success of the HDR reservoir as a heat exchanger and exploration techniques applicable
to the different facies. Identification of the key geomechanical facies gives an indication as to which technologies will
prove more efficient in the application of HDR technology. The results of this study will hopefully help in developing heat
recovery schemes for the long-term economical operation of future HDR plants and EGS as well as assist in the understanding
of engineered geosystems. 相似文献
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《China Geology》2020,3(1):173-181
The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region boasts rich geothermal resources and new achievements have been made in the exploration and development of geothermal resources in this region based on previous regional investigation. In detail, geothermal reservoirs of Gaoyuzhuang Formation of Jixian System and Changcheng System in Xiongan New Area have been recently discovered, opening up the second space of geothermal resources; the calculation method of the recoverable resources of geothermal fluid with reinjection being considered has been improved in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and uniform comprehensive assessment of shallow geothermal energy, hydrothermal geothermal resources, and hot dry rocks (HDR) geothermal resources in the whole Beijing-Tianjin-Shijiazhuang region has been completed. The scientific research base for cascade development and utilization of geothermal resources in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has applied hydraulic fracturing technology to the geothermal reservoirs in Gaoyuzhuang Formation. As a result, the production capacity doubled and two-stage cascade utilization composed of geothermal power generation and geothermal heating were realized, with the first-phase installed capacity of 280 kW and the geothermal hearing is 30000 m2. In this way, a model of the exploration, development, and utilization of geothermal resources formed. Large-scale utilization has become the future trend of geothermal resource development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and great efforts shall be made to achieve breakthroughs in reinjection technology, geothermal reservoir reconstruction technology, thermoelectric technology and underground heat exchange technology. 相似文献
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As a clean fossil fuel with great reserves, natural gas hydrate (NGH) is widely regarded as an important future alternative energy source. NGH is widely distributed in onshore tundra and shallow sedimentary layers in the deep sea. These sedimentary layers typically exit shallow burial depth, poor diagenesis and low strength characteristics; moreover, the decomposition of NGH can also greatly reduce reservoir strength. Therefore, NGH development can easily causes many geomechanical problems, including reservoir instability, sand production and seabed landslides, etc., which may further trigger a series of environmental disasters such as tsunamis, natural gas leakage and the acceleration of global warming. This study mainly reviews the research progress regarding geomechanical issues in NGH development, including mechanical properties of NGH-bearing sediments, borehole stability, hydraulic fracturing, sand production, reservoir settlement and seabed landslides. In addition to previous research achievements regarding geomechanical problems in NGH exploitation, the limitations and challenges are also discussed, and several questions and insightful suggestions are put forward for future research from our point of view. 相似文献
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为了研究深层地热能开发对热储层流场造成的影响,选取兰考县深层地热能开发为研究对象,分析研究区新生代以来的地质结构和区域构造特征,调查地区地热开采情况及存在的问题。根据地热能类型分析了第四系Q、新近系明化镇组N2、新近系馆陶组N1等3个热储层特征,利用可控源音频大地电磁测深查明区内的断裂分布、热储层发育、隔水边界等条件,通过现场试验与测试手段查明不同部位热储层的参数指标,分区计算各层的地热资源量。根据开采方式、边界条件、水文地质参数建立数学模型,通过数值模拟预测出2023年Q热储层流场将恢复到原始流场模式,N2热储层流场漏斗效应持续减弱,N1热储层流场漏斗效应明显且分布不规则,为控制地热资源开发对环境造成的影响,提出封闭循环利用地热、同层加压回灌的开采方式及合理布局开采井、综合利用多层地热等措施,为本地及周边地区地热资源开发及环境保护提供参考。 相似文献
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地热系统内部地质要素特征分析是建立其成因模式的基础,也是后期研究地热资源赋存特征和资源量评价的依据。结合前人研究成果和区内地热钻井资料,通过对冀中坳陷束鹿凹陷地热系统“源、储、通、盖”主要地质要素分析,建立了其概念模型,并开展了地热资源量评价。束鹿凹陷为一新生代发育在渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷内的典型的箕状凹陷,接受可能来自于其下深部地壳结构约20 km处低阻体的热源供给。新近系馆陶组砂岩热储和奥陶系碳酸盐岩热储分别构成了两套独立的地热系统。其中,馆陶组砂岩热储全区稳定分布,底板埋深介于1100~2000 m,储层厚度约为200~320 m,孔隙度约在15%~35%之间,渗透率最高可达1200 mD,热储底板温度在57~78℃;奥陶系碳酸盐岩热储受箕状凹陷边界断裂的控制呈单斜状倾伏,埋深1800~6000 m,储层厚度100~550 m,孔隙度2%~18%,渗透率0.5~50 mD,地热水井口温度在75~92℃。两套地热系统由西边太行山的大气降水沿着地层不整合面和断裂运移通道进行补给,通过深部热传导和局部热对流增温后,在储层中富集形成地热水。上覆松散的第四系沉积和明化镇组河流相碎屑岩沉积厚300~1400 m,热导率0.9~1.8 W/(m·K),构成了良好的区域盖层。束鹿凹陷地热资源量评价结果表明,馆陶组砂岩地热系统含244.430×108 GJ,奥陶系岩溶地热系统
含203.752×108 GJ,总量合计448.182×108 GJ,折合标煤15.296×108 t。年开采地热资源量满足的供暖面积可达1.106×108 m2,开发潜力巨大。 相似文献
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天津地热资源开发利用现状及可持续开发利用建议 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
天津是我国地热资源比较丰富、开发利用较早的城市之一,二十世纪九十年代以后开始大规模的将地热资源应用于供暖、洗浴、养殖等方面.目前全市地热供暖面积约1233万m2,是我国利用地热供暖规模最大的城市,并于2011年1月获得“中国温泉之都”荣誉称号.地热资源已经成为天津经济发展和改善城市环境质量不可多得的清洁能源.天津地区的主要热储层均已形成降落漏斗,明化镇组热储层在市区及新四区形成漏斗;大港区形成了本市馆陶组热储层最大的一个漏斗中心;雾迷山组热储层在市区形成了较大的降落漏斗.尽管天津地热资源丰富、开发利用程度较高,但在开发利用过程中存在很多问题,主要有水位年降幅较大,回灌率较低,新近系回灌效果不明显,还存在很多无证开采的现象.针对这些问题,建议相关部门严格控制开采量,时刻关注水位降幅情况,增大回灌力度 相似文献
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在资料收集、野外地质、地温调查及现场地面物探工作的基础上,对山东省蓬莱市村里集镇黄泥沟村地区地热地质条件进行综合研究,分析了地热资源的开采前景,目的是基本查明工作区内的断裂构造、地层层序、热储分布、热储埋深、热储温度,预测地热井的成井条件,为地热资源开发利用总体规划及进一步勘探提供依据。分析内容包括地质构造条件、地温场特征、地球物理特征以及热储特征。认为工作区具备开发地热资源的前景条件,地热井成井深度在1500m左右时可获得30℃~40℃的热水。建议投入施工一眼探采结合井,井深设计1500m,井位选择于1000~1200m钻遇NE向断裂下盘,可获得较完善的地热资源赋存信息。 相似文献
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Geothermal reservoirs — A brief review 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A brief discussion and review of the geothermal reservoir systems, geothermal energy and modeling and simulation of the geothermal reservoirs has been presented here. Different types of geothermal reservoirs and their governing equations have been discussed first. The conceptual and numerical modeling along with the representation of flow though fractured media, some issues related to non isothermal flow through fractured media, the efficiency of the geothermal reservoir, structure of the numerical models, boundary conditions and calibration procedures have been illustrated. A brief picture of the Indian scenario and some barriers related with geothermal power are discussed and presented thereafter. Finally some gaps of the existing knowledge and recent focuses of research are discussed. 相似文献