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1.
Stochastic seismic wave interaction with a slippery rock fault is studied, based on the principle of conservation of momentum
at the wave fronts along the fault. By using the displacement discontinuity method, the wave propagation equations are derived
for incident longitudinal-(P-) and shear-(S-) waves, respectively. This is an extension of the study by Li and Ma (2010) for
blast-induced wave propagation across a linear rock joint. Stochastic seismic waves are generated from a frequency spectrum
and used to analyze the seismic wave interaction with a rock fault having a Coulomb-slip behavior. Parametric studies are
carried out to investigate the effect of the intensity and impinging angle of the incident seismic waves on wave propagation
across a slippery rock fault. Results show that the transmission of the incident P-wave is almost not affected by the fault,
on the contrary, this is not the case for an incident S-wave, due to the occurrence of a relative slip which is related to
the impinging angle of the incident S-wave. A quantitative study is presented which is of help in understanding the propagation
and attenuation laws of seismic waves in discontinuous rock masses. 相似文献
2.
为分析采动地震波煤岩响应及其波场特性,构建顶板岩层和煤层2种传播介质接收采动地震波的多通道微震监测系统,研究2种介质采动地震波的传播和衰减特征。研究结果表明：顶板岩层接收到采动地震波的平均波速、加速度均高于煤层,2种介质中的地震波加速度均与爆破装药量成正相关,与传播距离、介质密度负相关。采动微地震波能量、信号时长随传播距离分别呈指数、线性衰减,近爆心处煤层传播微地震波能量、信号时长均高于顶板,超过一定距离后顶板高于煤层;采动微地震波传播距离有限,顶板的有效传播距离高于煤层,地震波有效传播距离与爆破装药量线性正相关。采动地震波低频部分的品质因子高于高频部分,顶板岩层的品质因子高于煤层。研究成果有助于地震波传播介质选取、检波器布设优化。 相似文献
3.
基于近场波动有限元方法并结合黏弹性人工边界条件,针对3D断层场地,通过求解等效二维场地地震响应,从而获得3D场地地震动输入的自由场响应,并将自由场响应转化为3D模型边界面上的等效节点力,从而建立含断层3D场地P波入射的倾斜输入方法。自由场算例验证所提方法具有较好精度,进而基于建立的输入方法,开展了跨断层隧道地震响应的数值模拟研究。数值模拟结果表明:在P波作用下,隧道跨断层部位处于拉、压、剪切的复杂受力状态,且断层处的隧道衬砌地震响应明显大于其他部位的地震响应;围岩的力学性质与断层的力学性质相差越大,断层处衬砌的地震响应放大越明显;断层处衬砌地震响应随断层深度的增加而增加。另外,跨断层隧道的地震响应受P波入射角度的影响较大,随P波入射角度的增加,断层处隧道衬砌的轴力、弯矩先增加后减小,而剪力具有逐渐减小的规律。 相似文献
4.
不耦合装药爆破对硬岩应力场影响的数值分析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
爆破地震勘探石油是一种重要的方法,但爆破地震效应与爆破参数、地质条件等密切相关。采用动力有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,对柱状炸药与药孔壁之间为空气或其他介质以及空隙间距变化时碳酸盐岩岩石中爆炸应力波的传播规律和爆炸地震波能量的衰减特性进行了数值模拟研究,得到了不耦合装药爆炸时岩石应力、振动速度的衰减规律以及与不耦合系数、间隙介质的关系,分析了不耦合效应对爆炸地震波能量的影响。研究表明,不耦合或耦合不好时会使岩体中爆炸应力波的强度大大降低;耦合状态对岩体应力及速度的衰减系数和衰减指数影响较大;在空隙中注水或灌满泥浆会改善它们的耦合关系,增大下传的爆破能量。所得成果可为我国西南地区优选适合碳酸盐地层地震勘探的激发因素提供技术途径和方法。 相似文献
5.
地震基岩深度和土体动力本构模型的选取对核岛场地地震效应评价结果的合理性具有重要影响。以拟建某沿海核电厂深度470 m沉积土夹火山岩层场地的3个钻孔剖面为研究对象，采用一维等效线性波传分析（ELA）法、基于Matasovic本构模型和Davidenkov-Chen-Zhao（DCZ）本构模型的一维非线性分析（NLA）法，选取不同剪切波速的5个岩土层作为地震基岩，研究了输入地震动特性、地震基岩深度和土体动力本构模型的选取对巨厚沉积土夹火山岩层场地非线性地震反应特性的影响。结果表明：（1）以浅层硬岩夹层或深部土层作为地震基岩，NLA法计算的5%阻尼比的地表谱加速度SA的短周期部分较之ELA法的计算值大，但两者计算的地表SA谱的长周期部分几乎一致；（2）基于Matasovic模型和DCZ模型的NLA法计算的地表SA谱谱形和峰值加速度随深度的变化趋势基本一致；（3）从NLA法计算的地表峰值加速度和累积绝对速度而言，以剪切波速约2 500 m/s的浅层硬岩夹层作为地震基岩是适宜的。 相似文献
6.
夹层是常见的地质结构,在地震或爆破荷载作用下,夹层对应力波的传播以及对岩体的响应具有重要的影响。以往对应力波在夹层介质中传播的研究多集中于夹层对应力波的隔振或透射性能,而对应力波在夹层中的多次折、反射过程中能量的演化规律缺乏讨论,对夹层介质的应力响应与破坏没有开展较好地分析。通过理论方法对应力波在夹层内部传播过程中的能量系数的变化规律进行了研究,分析了岩体介质波阻抗和应力波入射角对夹层内外介质中累积波动能量系数的影响规律,以及平面型边坡中软弱夹层的应力响应特征和动态稳定性。研究发现,应力波在夹层内部往复反射过程中,夹层内剩余应力波能量随折、反射发生次数呈指数曲线下降,第4次折、反射后产生的应力波能量可以忽略;夹层内外介质中应力波的累积能量系数的差异随着夹层内外介质波阻抗的相对差异的增大而增大。在平面谐波入射下,边坡内部的夹层中的剪应力和抗剪强度呈波动变化;相对P波,SV波入射会产生较高水平的剪应力,对边坡稳定性影响最大。且SV波入射时,边坡的安全系数对夹层的倾角变化更为敏感,随倾角增大而迅速降低。 相似文献
7.
地震波在地下介质中传播时,地震波能量会出现一定程度的衰减,品质因子Q作为衡量地下岩石吸收衰减属性的重要参数,对描述岩性特征以及预测油气分布具有重要意义。本文针对深地震反射数据,利用基于S变换谱比法的Q值分析技术,获得了更加准确的Q值。以松辽盆地沙河子组为主要目标层,对穿过松科二井的叠后深地震反射剖面进行Q值计算,生成Q值剖面,总结出沙河子组Q值分布特征,同时结合松科二井测井、分层和气测异常资料进行分析,推断沙河子组为含气储层,为下一步深部储层预测提供思路,为东北地区深地勘查工程提供服务。 相似文献
8.
地震波在跨越岩体中节理时的透反射特性是岩石地下工程抗震分析问题中的重要基础,目前开展的研究工作中尚未有针对连续屈服（CY）非线性节理模型透反射特性的研究报导。在前人提出的非线性节理透反射系数时域递归法解答的基础上,将这一方法拓展至CY模型。并采用3DEC离散元软件,对比了CY模型的时域递归解与数值模拟结果的差异。在此基础上以时域递归解为手段,辅以离散元数值模拟,开展了CY模型的参数影响研究。最终比较了库仑（MC）模型与CY模型在正弦脉冲激励和真实地震动激励下表现的差异。结果表明：CY模型的时域递归解与3DEC数值模拟结果显示了良好的一致性,证明了时域递归解用以进行后续参数研究的合理性。法向应力、入射波幅值、节理初始刚度、节理间距等参数对CY模型具有显著影响。相比库仑模型,连续屈服模型可以更好地反映地震波穿越节理时发生的复杂力学现象,如切向刚度退化、抗剪强度劣化、法向应力依赖性、滞回现象等。研究成果可为岩石地下工程的抗震设计与分析工作提供一定参考。 相似文献
9.
地震作用下山体边坡的动力响应规律与地震波入射角度显著相关,本文基于间接边界元方法研究SH波倾斜入射下边坡的动力响应特征.基于间接边界元理论研发了用于边坡岩体动力响应分析的边界元程序,通过计算平直裂隙对弹性波的反射及散射波波场对程序进行验证,并详细探讨了不同类型的边坡在各种入射角度的应力波作用下的响应特性.SH波铅直向入射时,半圆形凹陷地形的谷肩位置地震动振幅最小,而半圆形凸起地形的最高点位置振幅最大,单面坡的坡肩位置地震动最大,楔形凸起地形的坡顶地震动最强烈;当SH波入射角增大,各类边坡的最大地震动力响应位置也有所偏移,地震放大系数亦随之变化;以樟木镇边坡为实例揭示了复杂形态边坡岩体中的局部凸起对地震动的放大作用.研究结果表明,边坡微地形特征对地震动力响应影响非常大,凸起山体坡顶的动力放大效应最为显著;同一边坡在不同入射角地震波作用下产生的动力放大系数以及发生的位置不同.本文的研究结果对评价坡体稳定性和边坡工程抗震防设等具有重要的指导意义. 相似文献
10.
V形河谷场地能产生地震动放大效应,并加剧地震的破坏作用和灾害效应。基于高性能离散元软件MatDEM,对规则V形河谷以及真实河谷地形下的放大效应进行数值模拟研究。结果表明,对于规则V形河谷,在地震波水平入射的情况下,背波坡面产生明显的地震动加速度放大效应,并在临近谷底处最为强烈;随着河谷坡角的增大,放大效应增大。数值模拟结果和解析解具有一致的趋势和规律,并符合现场观测现象。将模型进一步应用于川藏铁路线日扎深切河谷的分析,发现地形微小的转折将会影响到波的传播,临近谷底处的加速度放大效应与规则地形较为一致。离散元法能有效地模拟河谷中地震波的传播、反射、散射等现象,可用于川藏铁路沿线复杂条件下的动力作用灾害效应分析。 相似文献
11.
矿山工程地质中往往存在断层和采空区,微震信号传播经过断层和采空区时,其传播规律必然会发生改变,因此研究特殊地质结构微震信号传播规律具有重要意义。基于惠更斯原理,考虑不同层状岩体中微震波传播速度不同,建立了非均匀介质条件下微震波的波面方程,进而获得波面半径与入射角之间的关系。结合室内相似材料模型实验,验证了波面方程的适用性,同时总结了断层、采空区对微震信号传播的影响特征。研究结果表明：微震信号穿过断层的用时更长,断层的存在导致信号的能量（最大振速）发生较大幅度的衰减;微震信号穿过断层后会以原来的速度继续传播,信号能量的衰减并不会使微震信号的传播速度发生衰减;微震波穿过断层时的入射角越大,穿过断层的用时越长,信号的能量衰减越多;采空区的存在导致微震信号的传播速度发生衰减,震源与监测点之间的距离越近,采空区对微震信号相对传播速度的影响越大。 相似文献
12.
岩体裂纹的水力劈裂是岩体开裂渗漏甚至施工涌水的重要影响因素之一,也是岩土工程界的研究热点。从断裂力学角度分析了爆破开挖对岩体含水裂纹扩展的扰动作用,结果表明,爆破开挖扰动下,岩体含水裂纹的扩展,与爆炸应力波强度及其入射角、地应力的大小与方向、孔隙水压大小、裂纹的倾角及断裂韧度等因素相关;爆炸应力波的作用,相当于增大了岩体裂纹中的孔隙水压力,每1 cm/s的峰值振动速度相当于增大100 kPa的孔隙水压力,爆破振动速度越大,所产生的爆破扰动荷载越大;岩体开挖引起的岩体裂纹近区地应力及其孔隙水压力的变化,对裂纹的失稳与扩展具有较复杂的影响,可改变裂纹的失稳扩展模式。 相似文献
13.
K0 estimation in level granular soil from anisotropic wave velocities on the basis of micromechanics
This study aims to explore the possibility for estimating K0 in a level ground of granular soil by seismic methods on the basis of micromechanics theory. The idea was to simulate in situ cross‐hole seismic method for the measurement of wave velocities along various directions of wave‐propagation. This work made use of a field simulator to control a K0 condition (zero lateral strain condition) in specimens. A series of vertical loading containing subsequent loading and unloading were applied to the specimen prepared by pluviation. In general, the K0 values determined experimentally in this work agreed with the exiting empirical relations. K0 value was also calibrated from measured anisotropic wave velocities using an optimization procedure. From the comparison of the back‐calculated and measured results of K0, it revealed the feasibility for the determination of the in situ lateral stress in granular soil by seismic methods and on the basis of micromechanics theory as long as enough wave‐velocity measurements along various directions of wave‐propagation were available. The potential for the usage of the presented methodology for the determination of the in situ lateral stress in level‐ground of granular soil by seismic methods seems encouraging. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
Mihnea Corneliu Oncescu 《Tectonophysics》1986,126(2-4)
Simple spectral theory of seismic sources was used to determine source parameters directly related to medium properties (stress drop, seismic efficiency and fracture energy) and quality factors of the Vrancea (Romania) seismic region. The results show an increase in maximum static stress drop, maximum seismic efficiency and fracture energy with depth. The seismic efficiency is magnitude independent, but the stress drop is magnitude independent only for events with ML > 3.8; below this value, the logarithm of stress drop increases quasi-linearly with magnitude. In the depth interval 50–160 km the stress drop increases with a slope of about 2–3 bar/km. The fracture energy per unit area of the fault has values of the order of 105–108 erg/cm2.The frequency independent quality factors indicate that the attenuation of P waves is generally higher than that of S waves and that Qp values are in agreement with recent tectonic models for the Vrancea region: total decoupling of the slab now sinking gravitationally is present only in the southwestern part of the Vrancea region, as suggested by the spatial position of intermediate depth hypocenters. 相似文献
15.
Xuhui Zheng Jinzhong Sun Leihua Yao Lei Liu Anyang Shao 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(14):528
This paper presents a three-dimensional oblique incidence method based on stress time-history functions of seismic body waves. This method realizes the three-dimensional oblique incidence of a single body wave phase or superposed multiple phases, which considers the earthquake action in the analysis of the slope seismic response. To implement this method, first, the spatial relationship between slope and incident seismic wave rays is described, and the direction of incident seismic waves is defined with two parameters: the azimuth angle \(\alpha\), which reflects the azimuth of epicenter; and the incident angle \(\theta\), which is a concentrated expression of the hypocentral depth and epicentral distance. Second, at the bottom boundary of the slope numerical model, the vibration starting time of each node excited by an oblique incident seismic wave is calculated. By considering vibration time sequence, the successive disturbance of rock and soil medium at the bottom of the slope is achieved. Then the stress time-history functions of six body wave phases are derived. Numerical simulation results of the x demonstrate the effectiveness, applicability and necessity of the proposed method. 相似文献
16.
Yousef Ghanbari Hamid Reza Ramazi Kaveh Pazand Nooshin Madani 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(1):177-185
At this paper, we studied about the rock quality of Shirinrud dam site by engineering seismology. Shirinrud dam site is located 80 km far from Kerman and 18 km far from Hojadk village. The dam and its constructions are established in the Bidu Formation which consists of seven rock units, and the refraction profiles were surveyed on Jb3/2, Jb4, and Jb5 rock units. To evaluate the rock mass quality and basement topography at this site, nine refraction seismic profiles by primary waves and two refraction seismic profiles by secondary waves were surveyed. We used some methods such as Palmer method, the reciprocal method, plus–minus method, etc. to process and interpret data. Based on investigations, primary wave velocity in unit Jb3/2 varies between 2,100 and 2,200 m/s, in unit Jb4 is between 2,100 and 4,200 m/s, and in unit Jb5 is between 2,500 and 3,000 m/s. The Q values on these three units are 0.05, 1.2, and 1.9, and the rock mass rating (RMR) values are 27.1, 40.5, and 33.5, respectively. With respect to wave velocity, Q, and RMR values, the units Jb3/2, Jb4, and Jb5 are evaluated as very weak, intermediate, and weak, respectively. 相似文献
17.
依据弹性波理论,应力波斜入射线弹性节理时会发生波场分解。根据入射、透射及反射各波形的不同到时,运用离散元软件UDEC模拟应力波在含倾斜节理岩体中的传播并计算其透射、反射系数,并分析其波型转换规律。应力波斜入射单节理时,模拟得到的透射、反射系数随节理刚度、入射角度的变化规律,与已有的理论解是吻合的。应力波斜入射一组平行节理时,随着节理间距的增大,其同类波的透射系数Tpp、Tss先增大后减小,最后趋于稳定值;节理条数越多,Tpp、Tss越小。此外,不同条数的节理,透射系数达到最大值的临界节理间距值基本一致,但趋于稳定时的节理间距值随节理条数的增加而逐渐增大。 相似文献
18.
In the case of the dynamic analysis of the structures using the recorded earthquake ground motions, it is usually assumed that the ground motion consists of body waves propagating vertically. However, the response of a long and narrow structure may be influenced by the oblique propagation of body waves and the dispersion of surface waves. In this paper, the effects of the seismic wave propagation on the response of this kind of structure are investigated. The characteristics of the wave propagation were verified using the recorded motions and soil information at the building site. The ground motion at every input point of the building was evaluated using the difference of arrival time of seismic waves calculated by assuming the velocity and the direction of the wave propagation. Using these ground motions, response analyses of the lumped mass model for the structure were performed. By considering the characteristics of the seismic wave propagation, the average response decreased but the local response increased around the end of the roof. Further studies of the structure were also performed in order to restrain the response around the end of the roof. 相似文献
19.
We delineate shallow structures of the Mozumi–Sukenobu fault, central Japan, using fault zone waves generated by near-surface explosions and detected by a seismometer array. Two explosive sources, S1 and S2, were placed at a distance of about 2 km from the array, and the other two, S3 and S4, were at a distance of about 4 km. Fault zone head waves and fault zone trapped waves following direct P wave arrivals were clearly identified in the seismograms recorded by a linear seismometer array deployed across the fault in a research tunnel at a depth of 300 m. Synthetic waveforms generated by a 3-D finite-difference (3-D FD) method were compared with observed fault zone waves up to 25 Hz. The best fitting model indicates a 200-m-wide low-velocity zone extending at least to shot site S1 located 2 km east of the seismic array with a 20% decrease in the P wave velocity relative to the wall rock. The width of the low-velocity zone is consistent with the fault zone defined by direct geological observation in the research tunnel. However, the low-velocity zone should disappear just to the east of the site S1 to explain the observed fault zone waves for shot S3 and S4 located 4 km east of the seismometer array. Yet the observation and the simulation show notable trapped wave excitation even though shots S3 and S4 are outside the fault zone. These results indicate that (1) the effective waveguide for seismic waves along the fault does not exist east of source site S1 although the surface traces of the fault are observed in this region, and (2) considerable trapped waves can be excited by sources well outside the fault zone. These results highlight the along-strike variability in fault zone structure. 相似文献
20.
CodaQ (Q
c) estimates for the Kumaun Himalaya region have been obtained in high frequency range. Local earthquakes, recorded by a digital
seismic network in the region, which fall in the epicentral distances range of 10 to 80 km and with a local magnitude range
of 1.4 to 2.8, have been used. The coda waves of 30 sec window length, filtered at seven frequency bands centered at 1.5,
3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24Hz, have been analysed using the single backscattering model. The values ofQ
c estimates vary from 65 to 283 at 1.5 Hz to 2119 to 3279 at 24.0 Hz which showed thatQ
c is frequency dependent and its value increases as frequency increases.
A frequency-dependentQ
c relationship,Q
c = (92 ± 4.73)f(1.07±.023), is obtained for the region representing the average attenuation characteristics of seismic waves for Kumaun Himalaya region. 相似文献