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1.
蒸发岩矿床中微量元素 Br 和 Rb 不形成独立的矿物,Br 以类质同像形式取代 Cl 进入石盐等氯化物矿物晶格,Rb 代替 K 进入钾矿物的晶格。研究蒸发岩矿床中微量元素 Br 和 Rb 的含量分布,不仅有理论意义,而且有深刻的实践意义。Br 含量能予示成钾方向,帮助我们寻找有工业价值的钾盐矿床;Rb 含量特别适合于钾盐成因的评价。将 Rb 和 Br 配合起,对阐明钾盐矿床的成因和变化规律是十分有用的。有关蒸发岩矿床中 Br 的研究,在国内文献中已有比较系统的介绍。这里我们选刊了有关 Rb 的研究的三篇译文,分别介绍用铷含量评价钾盐矿床的原理、实验研究方法和实际应用。璞文虽欠琢磨,光泽却已毕现,发表出,可能对我国钾盐找矿和理论研究很有裨益。  相似文献   

2.
在盐湖沉积演化过程中,钾镁盐在盐类矿物沉积的中晚期才开始结晶析出。因此,研究含盐系地层中盐类矿物的沉积地球化学特征,不仅可以从侧面获取岩盐的沉积物物质来源和成盐期古卤水蒸发浓缩程度等地球化学信息,而且可以直接揭示古盐湖期钾盐富集趋势及规律。目前,除在江陵凹陷的古近系沙市组等含盐系内发现了富钾卤水外,还在中-南部的钻孔盐矿盐岩中,发现了微量钾石盐和钾石膏,这些说明该凹陷古近纪具有成钾潜力。本文通过对SK3井蒸发岩特征研究及岩芯中K、Mg、Cl、Br离子含量与Br×103/Cl系数的垂向变化分析,揭示古盐湖浓缩演化与钾盐富集趋势,进一步揭示该层段沉积时期及所在凹陷古盐湖卤水钾的富集程度。  相似文献   

3.
钾盐矿床中Br的地球化学特征及研究进展   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
本文概述了Br的地球化学行为及其在钾盐矿床中的应用,重点论述了Br的分配系数和热力学模型的新发展。指出近年来用海相蒸发岩盐中的溴来评价显生宙海水组分变化行为,对于重新认识贫硫酸盐型的钾盐矿床有十分重要的意义。由于大洋中脊热液流体组分改变和海底扩张作用,使古海水组分发生变化,这种作用比碳酸盐白云石化或硫酸镁缺损使古海水组分发生变化更为重要。指出研究老挝贫硫酸盐型钾盐矿床对在我国兰坪一思茅盆地寻找钾盐矿床有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

4.
湖北Q凹陷第三纪含盐系Br、Rb、B、Li的地球化学研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
地球化学是研究盐类沉积和钾盐矿床的重要手段。但过去的工作往往带有一定的局限性,多偏重于盐类沉积物本身微量元素的研究,对组成含盐系中的泥质岩地层缺乏应有的注意。欲更好地了解Q凹陷含盐系的形成条件,古盐湖发展史及成钾规律,就必须对含盐系沉积进行比较全面的地球化学研究。  相似文献   

5.
中亚盆地钾盐矿床的形成时代目前被限定为晚侏罗世至早白垩世,较为宽泛。盐类矿物沉积之后若未被改造,可测定其形成时代;若被改造则可利用同位素测年研究其沉积后作用。为了得到中亚盆地钾盐矿床的形成时代和/或了解盐类矿物受到的后期改造过程,利用Rb-Sr同位素定年对矿床中的盐类矿物进行了测定。结果表明,无法形成可靠的Rb-Sr等时线,说明钾盐矿床中盐类矿物在形成以后Rb-Sr体系并未保持封闭;钾盐样品模式年龄介于9~4 Ma之间,岩盐样品模式年龄约为190~170 Ma。岩盐Rb含量低,积累的放射性87Sr较少,而钾盐Rb含量高,积累的放射性87Sr较多。后期受到外来流体或者光卤石结合水的作用,盐类矿物发生溶解,重结晶后造成岩盐中87Sr/86Sr值升高而钾盐87Sr/86Sr值降低。结合世界上其它钾盐矿床的Rb-Sr测年结果,认为盐类矿物并不适合研究其成矿时代,但可用来揭示钾盐盆地的变质作用过程和水文演化历史。  相似文献   

6.
陕北奥陶系钾盐层位的发现与研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
陈郁华  杜之岳 《地质论评》1998,44(1):100-105
陕北奥陶系是一个大型海相蒸发岩盆地,笔者在盆地东侧下奥陶统马家沟组,发现了钾石盐,光卤石等钾盐矿物,这是世界上首次在奥陶系发现钾盐,笔者较详细地研究了地质条件,含盐岩系剖面特下,物质成分和地球化学等,探讨了蒸发岩沉积的古地理环境和成盐模式据蒸发岩组成特征,结构构造,赋存状态,组合关系,地球化学诸方面的综合研究,认为陕北盆地钾盐沉积形成于残留卤水湖和干盐湖阶段。  相似文献   

7.
刚果(布)布谷马西钾盐矿床盐类矿物特征与成因研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
刚果(布)布谷马西钾盐矿床位于非洲大陆西部边缘,是白垩纪时期沉积的大型钾盐矿床。文章运用X射线衍射、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜和岩石地球化学等方法,识别出布谷马西钾盐矿的主要盐类矿物有硬石膏、石盐、光卤石、钾石盐、水氯镁石和溢晶石。盐类矿物的沉积顺序为:硬石膏→石盐→光卤石→钾石盐→水氯镁石或溢晶石。该矿区的成盐物质主要来源于海水,盐类沉积物中贫碳酸盐和硫酸盐矿物,可能与白垩纪"方解石海"的海水成分密切相关。矿区中的钾石盐主要是由光卤石淋滤形成。  相似文献   

8.
云南勐野井钾盐矿床石盐包裹体特征及古环境意义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
云南江城勐野井钾盐矿床是我国唯一的一个古代氯化物型固体钾盐矿床,主要盐类矿物是石盐,其次是钾石盐和光卤石,其中钾石盐是该矿床主要的钾盐矿物。本文采用流体包裹体冷冻加热法,对该矿床含矿层中的原生单一液相石盐包裹体进行了均一温度测定,以期获得该矿床钾盐成矿和盐湖古水温方面的信息。实验结果表明,从白色石盐层→青灰色钾石盐层→含光卤石的青灰色钾石盐层,均一温度的均值呈现逐渐升高的趋势,即由23.8℃→27.7℃→38.6℃,这与盐类矿物晶出的顺序一致,即由石盐→钾石盐→光卤石。可见,上部含光卤石的钾石盐层的蒸发强度明显高于其下部的钾石盐层和底部的石盐层,说明钾盐矿层的形成是湖盆卤水不断浓缩咸化的结果,这种咸化是缘于湖盆卤水温度的不断升高。湖盆卤水温度的变化是环境气候变化的结果。因此,原生包裹体均一温度可直接反映矿床形成时湖盆的古水温,同时可推测当时的气温。  相似文献   

9.
在盐湖沉积演化过程中,钾盐矿物在盐类沉积的中晚期阶段才开始析出。因此,研究含盐系盐类的沉积地球化学特征,不仅可以从侧面获取岩盐的沉积物源和成盐古卤水蒸发浓缩程度等地球化学信息,而且更能揭示古盐湖钾盐富集趋势。文章通过对库车盆地钾盐科探1井钻取的岩芯样品进行高精度采样测试,得出岩盐中Mg×103/Cl、K×103/Cl、Li×103/Cl与K+、Mg2+、Li+、Ca2+、Cl-含量的垂向变化规律。并与库车盆地其他钻孔中的岩盐含钾性进行对比,同时,依据钻井剖面岩性特征,与潜江凹陷和大汶口凹陷含盐系剖面进行对比,论述研究区成盐的地球化学特征,对其钾盐成矿前景进行分析和评价。  相似文献   

10.
<正> 为了阐明盐类矿床形成的机理,盐矿地球化学工作者常根据溶解度相图,分析卤水等温(通常为25℃)蒸发的析盐规律。为能接近自然界的实际情况,在物理化学实验研究方面,不仅研究了卤水-矿物间的稳定平衡关系,而且研究了介稳平衡。关于卤水蒸发析盐过程的分析,也分为平衡条件下的蒸发作用和分离结晶蒸发作用两类情况。尽管如此,仍未能反映自然界卤水-矿物平衡的复杂过程。温度是影响盐类溶解度的主要因素。盐类沉积是在年温度周期性变化的条件下,卤水-矿物不断平衡的产物。显然,年温差对卤水蒸发析盐过程、卤水的演化、盐类矿物组合以及  相似文献   

11.
The salt assemblages precipitated during evaporation of concentrated brine collected from Gasikule Salt Lake (GSL) were studied to better understand the formation of potassium deposits in the Qaidam Basin. The study included isothermal evaporation at 25 °C in the laboratory and solar evaporation in the ponds at GSL field. Brines increased in density and became moderately acidic (pH?≈?5.30) while major ion geochemistry and precipitate mineralogy all showed broad agreement between both systems. Four salt assemblages were identified in the isothermal evaporation experiment: halite?→?halite?+?hexahydrite?→?halite?+?bischofite?+?carnallite?→?bischofite. Alternately, three salt assemblages were recognized in the solar evaporation: halite?→?halite?+?epsomite?+?carnallite?→?halite?+?carnallite?+?bischofite. The key difference in salt assemblages between the two systems is attributed to differences in relative humidity and temperature conditions. Although the GSL has deep spring inflow recharge, the high abundance of MgSO4 salts demonstrates that the salt assemblages are similar to normal seawater evaporation. Thus, different proportions of deep spring inflow and river water could form both MgSO4-deficient potassium evaporite and normal seawater potassium evaporites. Therefore, nonmarine water may form diverse potassium evaporite deposits in continental basins when the geological structure as well as hydrogeological and climatic conditions is appropriate.  相似文献   

12.
Chemical analyses are given for Na, K, and trace elements of muscovite and potassium feldspar of granitic rocks. The distribution of trace elements in co-existing minerals suggests that equilibrium was attained and that muscovite is a primary mineral. These observations and the comparison of the trace-element chemistry of megacrysts and groundmass potassium feldspars of porphyritic rock types lead to the conclusion that the megacrysts are in face phenocrysts which crystallized in equilibrium with the other minerals of the rock.The ranges of values of the distribution coefficients KD(Rb/K) and KD(Cs/K) in mineral pairs confirm other observations on the equilibrium among various minerals. However, application of experimental data on the temperature effect on KD leads to results conflicting with the petrologic observations. The possible influence of other factors on KD is analyzed and among these factors the composition of the feldspar and the solidus-liquidus temperature interval may play a dominant role.  相似文献   

13.
赵斌  赵劲松  许德如 《岩石学报》2017,33(6):1841-1858
矽卡岩矿床各种硅酸盐矿物中熔融包裹体和流体-熔融包裹体的显微测温资料和相成分让我们提出过大量矽卡岩是岩浆成因的建议。在本文中,我们提供沿长江中下游成矿带的许多矽卡岩矿床包含在石榴子石和辉石里的熔融包裹体和流体-熔融包裹体的激光拉曼分析结果,目的是证明所研究的并与Cu-Fe-Au矿床共生的矽卡岩系岩浆成因。我们的研究结果显示,熔融包裹体只含固体相和微量气相。流体-熔融包裹体除了含大量固相外,还含微量流体和气相以及没有被仪器检测到的气体。固体相与包裹体寄主矿物相同或类似。流体相主要为水或盐水溶液和包括C6H6、C3H6、C3H8、CH4、CO2和O2的气体。我们提出,熔融包裹体和流体-熔融包裹体是原始岩浆的最好代表。这就证明,矽卡岩组合是由一个原生岩浆直接结晶而成。此外,我们还讨论了岩浆矽卡岩形成的温度、分布范围和规模、形成机制和与Cu-Fe-Au矿化作用的联系。  相似文献   

14.
The Bent Hill massive sulfide deposit and ODP Mound deposit in Middle Valley at the northernmost end of the Juan de Fuca Ridge are two of the largest modern seafloor hydrothermal deposits yet explored. Trace metal concentrations of sulfide minerals, determined by laser-ablation ICP-MS, were used in conjunction with mineral paragenetic studies and thermodynamic calculations to deduce the history of fluid-mineral reactions during sulfide deposition. Detailed analyses of the distribution of metals in sulfides indicate significant shifts in the physical and chemical conditions responsible for the trace element variability observed in these sulfide deposits. Trace elements (Mn, Co, Ni, As, Se, Ag, Cd, Sb, Pb, and Bi) analyzed in a representative suite of 10 thin sections from these deposits suggest differences in conditions and processes of hydrothermal alteration resulting in mass transfer of metals from the center of the deposits to the margins. Enrichments of some trace metals (Pb, Sb, Cd, Ag) in sphalerite at the margins of the deposits are best explained by dissolution/reprecipitation processes consistent with secondary remineralization. Results of reaction-path models clarify mechanisms of mass transfer during remineralization of sulfide deposits due to mixing of hydrothermal fluids with seawater. Model results are consistent with patterns of observed mineral paragenesis and help to identify conditions (pH, redox, temperature) that may be responsible for variations in trace metal concentrations in primary and secondary minerals. Differences in trace metal distributions throughout a single deposit and between nearby deposits at Middle Valley can be linked to the history of metal mobilization within this active hydrothermal system that may have broad implications for sulfide ore formation in other sedimented and unsedimented ridge systems.  相似文献   

15.
储同庆 《物探与化探》1985,9(2):108-116
重矿物除了作矿物鉴定以外,还可进行单矿物的微量元素测定,给地球化学勘查提供有用的信息,使化探采样的对象扩大到重矿物领域。重砂矿物中除了主要元素外,还含有多种杂质元素,这些杂质元素的种类、含量高低及元素间的比值变化,是受矿物生成时的地质环境制约的。据此可以知道矿物生成时的温度、岩石和矿床的类型以及岩体的含矿性。本文综述了十几种重砂矿物中微量元素的变化与地质,岩石和矿床的关系,及用于地球化学找矿的可能性。  相似文献   

16.
Main aspects of the theory and methods of measurement of trace element distribution coefficients in water-salt systems are discussed. Data on the interphase distribution of Br, Rb, Cs, and Tl in chloride systems were used to evaluate the abundances and distribution of these elements in the potassium salt rocks of the Gaurdak Formation of the Upper Jurassic halogen formation in southern Central Asia. It was concluded that these rocks were strongly metamorphosed after sedimentation, and some considerations were presented on the character, scales, and reasons of these processes. It is emphasized that the traditional factors used to decipher the genesis of salt minerals, rocks, and deposits should be supplemented by the determination of the contents of trace element that are incorporated into the crystal lattice of salts via isomorphic substitution.  相似文献   

17.
In recent years, serpentinized ultramafic rocks have received considerable attention as a source of H2 for hydrogen-based microbial communities and as a potential environment for the abiotic synthesis of methane and other hydrocarbons within the Earth’s crust. Both of these processes rely on the development of strongly reducing conditions and the generation of H2 during serpentinization, which principally results from reaction of water with ferrous iron-rich minerals contained in ultramafic rocks. In this report, numerical models are used to investigate the potential influence of chemical thermodynamics on H2 production during serpentinization. The results suggest that thermodynamic constraints on mineral stability and on the distribution of Fe among mineral alteration products as a function of temperature are likely to be major factors controlling the extent of H2 production. At high temperatures (>∼315 °C), rates of serpentinization reactions are fast, but H2 concentrations may be limited by the attainment of stable thermodynamic equilibrium between olivine and the aqueous fluid. Conversely, at temperatures below ∼150 °C, H2 generation is severely limited both by slow reaction kinetics and partitioning of Fe(II) into brucite. At 35 MPa, peak temperatures for H2 production occur at 200-315 °C, indicating that the most strongly reducing conditions will be attained during alteration within this temperature range. Fluids interacting with peridotite in this temperature range are likely to be the most productive sources of H2 for biology, and should also produce the most favorable environments for abiotic organic synthesis. The results also suggest that thermodynamic constraints on Fe distribution among mineral alteration products have significant implications for the timing of magnetization of the ocean crust, and for the occurrence of native metal alloys and other trace minerals during serpentinization.  相似文献   

18.
贵州瓮安陡山沱组磷块岩的地球化学特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
贵州瓮安地区是震旦纪陡山沱期的一个磷块岩沉积区,生物作用是磷矿形成的重要因素。通过对贵州瓮安含磷岩系剖面地球化学特征的研究,认为磷块岩富集层是以P2O5与CaO构成的磷酸盐矿物为主,可分为白云质砂屑磷块岩和碳质磷块岩2个亚类;生物作用导致了磷块岩中Pb,As,Ba及Sr等微量元素的富集,其中亲硫元素Pb的含量最高达到1 446×10-6,反映了贵州瓮安震旦系陡山沱组磷块岩的成因与菌藻类生物作用密切相关。  相似文献   

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