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1.
陆相红盆与海相盆地在层序地层的基本单元和沉积作用等方面存在巨大差异。层序地层的基本概念,基本理论具体在陆相盆地中的作用,应紧密结合陆相分地自身的发育特点,创造了一套真正适合于陆相盆地层序地层学的概念和模式。陆相地层与海相地层相比规律性不明显,“层板对比”模式不适合陆相盆地地层分布实际。 相似文献
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CAI Xiong-fei
《地质通报》2000,19(1):100-104
陆相层序地层、沉积作用与海相的存在很大差异。层序地层学研究方法在陆相盆地具体应用中不应盲目照搬,应在借鉴海相层序地层学基本概念、基本理论的基础上,因地制宜,不断探索,真正总结出一套适合陆相层序地层学的概念与模式。准层序、准层序组的应用,是根据陆相盆地层序和充填作用的发育特点应运而生的。准层序本身反映了事件沉积作用,具有高分辨率,可以在纵向上进行时间层序划分,还可在横向上把无序的地层有机地联系起来。 相似文献
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陆相层序地层、沉积作用与海相的存在很大差异。层序地层学研究方法在陆相盆地具体应用中不应盲目照搬,应在借鉴海相层序地层学基本概念、基本理论的基础上,因地制宜,不断探索,真正总结出一套适合陆相层序地层学的概念与模式。准层序、准层序组的应用,是根据陆相盆地层序和充填作用的发育特点应运而生的。准层序本身反映了事件沉积作用,具有高分辨率,可以在纵向上进行时间层序划分,还可在横向上把无序的地层有机地联系起来。 相似文献
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陆相盆地层序地层形成机制分析--以松辽盆地为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
松辽盆地上侏罗统—白垩系层序地层学研究表明 ,由于海相环境与陆相环境之间存在着诸多差异 ,决定了海相层序与陆相层序在形成机制上 ,特别是在主控因素上显著不同。陆相盆地层序的形成主要受构造、气候因素的控制 ,也受沉积物供给和海平面升降的影响。上述诸因素通过综合作用影响着基准面和可容空间的周期性变化 ,进而控制着各级层序的发育和内部结构特征。 相似文献
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本文根据层序地层学的基本原理,立足东部箕状断陷盆地的特点,以冀中拗陷和二连盆地为重点研究对象,提炼出陆相断陷盆地层序地层学模式,在缓坡带,以风暴浪基面作为“陆架边角”的参照物,层序地层特征相似于海相被动大陆边缘背景;在陡坡带则截然不同,并以湖面与边界断裂的交点取代“陆架边角”,各体系域所含沉积体系与海相模式不尽相同,在盆地形成初期的层序,低水位体系域发育,湖泊消亡以后,主要发育高水位体系域。此外,本文还探索了层序地层与油气赋存的关系,指出富砂的“盆底扇”是今后勘探开发的重要方向。 相似文献
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根据陆相层序地层的自身特点,对其层序界线、层序级别、层序界面等特征进行了分析,并把陆相层序地层分成断陷和坳陷两种盆地层序模式。最后根据层序模式特征阐述了陆相层序地层学在油气勘探开发中的实际意义。 相似文献
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从旋回的有序叠加形式到层序的识别和划分：层序地层学进展之三 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在Exxon层序地层学概念体系中,由不整合面及其可以对比的整合面所限定的地层单位被定义为
层序,即三级沉积层序;构成三级层序的单元为体系域,体系域由若干准层序和准层序组所组成。基于海岸沉
积的层序地层模式,准层序被定义为“由海泛面所限定的层或层组组成的一个相对整合的序列”;作为准层序界
面的海泛面被进一步定义为：一个将老地层与新地层分开的面,穿过该面存在一个突然的“水深加深”。因此,
从海泛面到准层序,其定义由于不具有普遍性而表现出欠完整性。虽然类似级别的地层单元后来又被Exxon的
科学家修改为“高频层序”,但是,准层序这个欠完整的概念一直被广泛使用着。与层序地层学的Exxon时代大
致同步,或者在更早的时期,地质学家就已经注意到那些由岩层所构成的沉积旋回,以“洛非尔旋回层” 为典
型代表;这种类似的旋回性沉积记录,后来被进一步定义为“米级旋回”,而且将米级旋回进一步解释为异成因
机制控制下的自旋回沉积过程（间断-加积-旋回机制;PAC机制） 的产物,这种异成因机制是与米兰柯维奇
旋回相关的极地冰盖的消长所造成的海水体积变化,以及由这种数万年至数十万年级别的海水体积变化所产生
的高频海平面变化旋回。这些厚度为数厘米至数米的沉积旋回,在长周期三级层序中常常构成有序的叠加形式,
这种叠加形式成为研究三级层序内沉积趋势变化的主要标志。再者,对与米兰柯维奇旋回存在成因关联的沉积
旋回的研究,成为另一个地层学分支---旋回地层学的主要内容。如果说对Exxon层序地层学概念体系不协调
的研究是第1个进展、对长周期层序的形成机制的探索为层序地层学的第２个进展,那么,从旋回的有序叠加
形式到层序的识别与划分,不但表现出了旋回地层学和层序地层学的交融,而且也代表了层序地层学的第3个
重要进展。 相似文献
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对国外层序地层学研究进展的几点思考及L-H-T层序地层学 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
针对国际上层序地层学研究进展认为,层序地层学概念及其基础理论体系需要完善。表现为:（1）地震地层学的地震层序不同于层序地层学之沉积层序;（2）基于海陆相应用差异,1992年开始层序地层学由经典三分模式向现行四分模式转变,使得层序地层学发展更趋复杂化;（3）现行四分模式对应的基准面旋回实际上是非周期性的,与岸线迹线不相符;（4）简单介绍了基于经典三分和现行四分模式所修改的L-H-T层序地层学模式。重新定义层序为“一套成因相关的以残留最大水泛面及其相对应的不整合界面为界的相对整合的地层序列”。 相似文献
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从准层序到米级旋回——层序地层学与旋回地层学相互交融的纽带 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
层序地层学的基本单位是层序。准层序和准层序组构成了层序的基本结构单元,它们在层序内有规律的空间叠置样式是识别体系域的客观标准。准层序被定义为以海泛面为界的向上变浅序列,但是准层序是一个比较松散的概念,存在问题是对其成因机制研究不足。米级旋回作为旋回地层学的基本单位,定义为数厘米至数米厚的向上变浅的岩相序列,是高频率海平面升降变化的产物,其形成时限为相应的米兰柯维奇天文旋回周期。作为旋回地层学的基本单位,米级旋回以其明确的沉积学涵义和有规律的天文成因机制,是对层序地层学概念体系中的"准层序"的良好补充,对其进行深入研究具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。从准层序到米级旋回这一概念体系的演变,代表了层序地层学与旋回地层学相互交融的纽带。最后介绍旋回地层学的最新进展亚米兰柯维奇旋回,它对精确数字定年具有重大意义。 相似文献
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《Sedimentary Geology》2005,173(1-4):233-275
The lacustrine Ermenek Basin evolved as a SE-trending intramontane graben affected by strike–slip deformation, with the initial two lakes merging into one and receiving sediment mainly through fan deltas sourced from the basin's southern margin. The northern margin was a high-relief rocky coast with a wave-dominated shoreline. The Early Miocene lacustrine sedimentation was terminated by a late Burdigalian marine invasion that drowned the basin and its surroundings. The lacustrine basin-fill succession is up to 300 m thick and best exposed along the southern margin, where it consists of four sequences bounded by surfaces of forced regression. The offshore architecture of each sequence shows a thin lowstand tract of shoreface sandstones overlain by a thick transgressive systems tract of mudstones interbedded with sandy tempestites and delta-derived turbidites, which form a set of coarsening-upward parasequences representing minor normal regressions. The corresponding nearshore sequence architecture includes a thick lowstand tract of alluvial-fan deposits overlain by either a well-developed transgressive systems tract (backstepping parasequence set or single fan-deltaic parasequence) and poorly preserved highstand tract; or a thin transgressive tract (commonly limited to flooding surface) and a well-developed highstand tract (thick fan-deltaic parasequence). The sequences are poorly recognizable along the northern margin, where steep shoreline trajectory rendered the nearshore system little responsive to lake-level changes. The resolution of local stratigraphic record thus depends strongly upon coastal morphology and the character of the depositional systems involved.The sequential organization of the basin-fill succession reflects syndepositional tectonics and climate fluctuations, whereas the lateral variation in sequence architecture is due to the localized sediment supply (deltaic vs. nondeltaic shoreline), varied coastal topography and differential subsidence. The study points to important differences in the sequence stratigraphy of lacustrine and marine basins, related to the controlling factors. A crucial role in lacustrine basin is played by climate, which controls both the lake water volume and the catchment sediment yield. Consequently, the effects of tectonics and the dynamics of changes in accommodation and sediment supply in a lacustrine basin are different than in marine basins. 相似文献
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扇三角洲相与副层序关系的探讨 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在湖泊中存在三种三角洲类型,即正常三角洲,辫状三角洲和扇三角洲。它们均由三角洲平原、三角洲前缘、前三角洲三部分所组成。陆相地层具有强烈的旋回性,只要将基准面看成海平面就完全可以运用层序地层学思路与方法研究陆相地层。扇三角洲相在断陷湖盆的陡坡一侧发育,通过与标准三角洲副层序模式对比,一个完整的扇三角洲序列可以划分出两个副层序。 相似文献
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F. SURLYK L. ARNDORFF† N.-E. HAMANN‡ L. HAMBERG§ P. N. JOHANNESSEN¶ E. B. KOPPELHUS L. H. NIELSEN¶ N. NOE-NYGAARD G. K. PEDERSEN H. I. PETERSEN¶ 《Sedimentology》1995,42(2):323-354
Sequence stratigraphic interpretation of paralic successions is complicated by the complex interfingering of marine and continental strata. The successions may also include terrestrial extensions of marine parasequences and completely independent lacustrine parasequence analogues. Failure in recognizing the possible interbeddding of these two independent parasequence types may lead to construction of sequence stratigraphic schemes based on incompatible data sets. We have studied a Lower Jurassic paralic section from the Baltic island of Bornholm, situated in the Tornquist Zone, which demarcates the transition from the stable Precambrian Baltic Shield to the subsiding Danish Basin and Danish-Polish Trough. The Hettangian-Sinemurian Sose Bugt Member (Rønne Formation) of Bornholm includes lacustrine, fluvial and restricted marine, estuarine deposits reflecting the basin-margin position. Biostatigraphic resolution is poor and a sequence stratigraphic interpretation of the paralic succession is far from straightforward. A multidisciplinary approach including facies analysis, recognition and lateral trading of key surfaces, palynostratigraphy, palynofacies, coal petrography, palaeopedology, clay mineralogy and source rock geochemistry is applied in order to obtain a high degree of precision in the interpretation of the paralic facies. In this way four sequences are recognized in the overall backstepping lacustrine to estuarine succession. Marine and marginal marine parasequences are distinguished from their purely lacustrine analogues, and an internally consistent sequence stratigraphic scheme is proposed. This is compared and tentatively correlated with fossiliferous marine sediments in the Danish Basin and with published eustatic cycle charts. 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地中部马五1亚段高分辨率层序地层格架中风化成岩模式和储层特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以层序地层学理论为指导,研究了鄂尔多斯盆地中部奥陶系风化壳储层的层序地层特征,建立了马五1亚段的高分辨率层序地层格架,在其内识别出了4个准层序;通过建立海平面变化与风化成岩（ 岩溶） 作用的关系模式,从成因上阐明了层间岩溶和后期高级别的风化成岩（ 岩熔） 作用的发生过程和控制因素,揭示了在碳酸盐岩高分辨率层序地层格架中,不同级别的海平面变化周期控制着不同级别的沉积层序和风化成岩（ 岩溶） 作用;分析了准层序与储层物性的关系,认为在鄂尔多斯盆地中部奥陶系风化壳储层中,准层序界面控制着层间岩溶的发育,是影响马五1亚段风化壳储层性质的主要因素。 相似文献
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The Quilalar Formation and correlative Mary Kathleen Group in the Mount Isa Inlier, Australia, conformably overlie rift-related volcanics and sediments and non-conformably overlie basement rocks. They represent a thermal-relaxation phase of sedimentation between 1780 and 1740 Ma. Facies analysis of the lower siliciclastic member of the Quilalar Formation and the coeval Ballara Quartzite permits discrimination of depositional systems that were restricted areally to either N-S-trending marginal platform or central trough palaeogeographic settings. Four depositional systems, each consisting of several facies, are represented in the lower Quilalar Formation-Ballara Quartzite; these are categorized broadly as storm-dominated shelf (SDS), continental (C), tide-dominated shelf (TDS) and wave-dominated shoreline (WDS). SDS facies consist either of black pyritic mudstone intervals up to 10 m thick, or mudstone and sandstone associated in 6–12-m-thick, coarsening-upward parasequences. Black mudstones are interpreted as condensed sections that developed as a result of slow sedimentation in an outer-shelf setting starved of siliciclastic influx. Vertical transition of facies in parasequences reflects flooding followed by shoaling of different shelf subenvironments; the shoreface contains evidence of subaerial exposure. Continental facies consist of fining-upward parasequences of fluvial origin and tabular, 0·4–4-m-thick, aeolian parasequences. TDS facies are represented by stacked, tabular parasequences between 0·5 and 5 m thick. Vertical arrangement of facies in parasequences reflects flooding and establishment of a tidal shelf followed by shoaling to intertidal conditions. WDS facies are preserved in 0·5–3-m-thick, stacked, tabular parasequences. Vertical transition of facies reflects initial flooding with wave reworking of underlying arenites along a ravinement surface, followed by shoaling from lower shoreface to foreshore conditions. Parasequences are stacked in retrogradational and progradational parasequence sets. Retrogradational sets consist of thin SDS parasequences in the trough, and C, TDS and probably WDS parasequences on the platforms. Thick SDS parasequences in the trough, and TDS, subordinate C and probably WDS parasequences on the platforms make up progradational parasequence sets. Depositional systems are associated in systems tracts that make up 40–140-m-thick sequences bounded by type-2 sequence boundaries that are disconformities. Transgressive systems tracts consist of C, TDS and probably WDS depositional systems on the platforms and the SDS depositional system and suspension mudstone deposits in the trough. The transgressive systems tract is characterized by retrogradational parasequence sets and developed in response to accelerating rates of sea-level rise following lowstand. Condensed-section deposits in the trough, and the thickest TDS parasequences on the platforms reflect maximum rates of sea-level rise and define maximum flooding surfaces. Highstand systems tract deposits are progradational. Early highstand systems tracts are represented by TDS and probably WDS depositional systems on the platforms and suspension mudstone deposits in the trough and reflect decreasing rates of sea-level rise. Later highstand systems tracts consist of the progradational SDS depositional system in the trough and, possibly, thin continental facies on the platforms. This stage of sequence development is related to slow rates of sea-level rise, stillstand and slow rates of fall. Lowstand deposits of shelf-margin systems tracts are not recognized but may be represented by shoreface deposits at the top of progradational SDS parasequence sets. 相似文献