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1.
Hydrogeological map is one of the important carriers of groundwater related information. It directly reflects the hydrogeological conditions and previous investigation and research results of a mapping area. The hydrogeological map of China is a map reflecting the characteristics of hydrogeology and groundwater dynamics on a national scale. On the basis of the hydrogeological map of China (1: 4 000 000) compiled in 1988, this map compilation attempted to update and enhance the existing map, with the latest survey results from the project of National Investigation and Evaluation of Groundwater Resources and Environmental Problems led by China Geological Survey. Task of the mapping program included redefining groundwater types, quantifying the classification standard of the groundwater and adding the pore-fissure water in laterite layer of hilly basin. The multilayer structures for porous, karst and porous-fractured groundwater and their water-rich grades are reflected on the map. Based on the comprehensive summary of the latest hydrogeological data of China, this research conducts an in-depth analysis of the regional distribution characteristics of groundwater in China, utilizes a digital mapping process and establishes a cartographic database for the purpose of further use. With the enrichment of the content and the continuous improvement of cognitive level, mapping content can be updated quickly, which has practical significance for the concept of surveying and mapping and scientific popularization. 相似文献
2.
本数据集在1：50 000活鸡兔图幅内综合应用了遥感、地面调查、物探、钻探,以及水化学同位素等多种方法进行数据采集,共完成2期遥感数据解译800 km2,地面调查点377个,丰水期、枯水期地下水水位统测240点次,抽水试验10组,水体样品采集共计127组,水文地质钻探累计进尺600 m。本数据集细化了工作区内第四系孔隙含水层、白垩系洛河组孔隙-裂隙含水层富水等级,填补了侏罗系安定组、直罗组水文地质信息的空白;同时,加入了与采煤相关的次生环境地质要素,并首次将浅层含水层疏干区较为准确地勾画出来,还建立了采煤影响下的地下水的循环模式,突出了矿区水文地质调查的特色。本数据集为矿区水文地质调查工作的规划、部署与总结提供常态化支持,对保障国家能源安全、生态安全具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
3.
地下水资源是北京供水系统的支柱,设立地下水水源地保护区,是保护水源地最大可能免受人类活动影响、保证水质安全的重要措施。论文以北京市某典型水源地为例,在收集相关水文地质勘查、长期动态观测、水源地开采现状、规划及周边污染源调查等成果资料的基础上,建立了地下水系统水文地质概念模型,模拟出地下水流场。通过质点追踪技术,计算水源地水力捕获带范围。综合考虑水源地周边地形、地物和潜在风险污染源等因素,确定了水源地保护区的范围。结果表明,数值模拟法能客观详细地刻画实际地下水含水层的结构与水文地质条件,划分结果可靠、准确,能为地下水管理部门提供有效合理的保护依据。 相似文献
4.
In compilation of 1: 50 000 hydrogeological map, Some principles which are suitable for hydrogeological characteristics in China have been defined. Groundwater development and protection have been regarded as equally important. Some key problems such as classification of water-bearing formation, water yield property, color system and color scale of water yield property of water-bearing formation, expression of groundwater system, expression of hydrogeological parameters have been solved. This standardizing work can lay solid foundation for integration of 1: 50 000 synthetic hydrogeological map achievement and data, so as to broaden the service areas of hydrogeological survey. 相似文献
5.
《地下水科学与工程》2020,(2)
In compilation of 1: 50 000 hydrogeological map, Some principles which are suitable for hydrogeological characteristics in China have been defined. Groundwater development and protection have been regarded as equally important. Some key problems such as classification of water-bearing formation, water yield property, color system and color scale of water yield property of water-bearing formation, expression of groundwater system, expression of hydrogeological parameters have been solved. This standardizing work can lay solid foundation for integration of 1: 50 000 synthetic hydrogeological map achievement and data, so as to broaden the service areas of hydrogeological survey. 相似文献
6.
赣南红层盆地分布区一直被认为是地下水严重缺水区,各城镇饮用水源均为地表水体。随着经济发展、社会进步,人民对美好生活的需要不断提升,优质、稳定的饮用水成为老区人民需求增长最快的民生问题之一。中国地质调查局根据原国土资源部的统一部署,于2017年启动了赣南七县水文地质调查扶贫找水解困工作。本文通过精准式地下水勘查实例分析和大比例尺水文地质调查成果总结,采用基岩山区气象补水、地貌汇水、地层蓄水、构造导水、钻探取水的实践理念综合分析,梳理总结了兴国县存在季节型、水质型、工程型缺水的主要原因,并创新提出了补给-滞留型、植被涵养型、侵入扩张输导型3种基于地下水驱动力的蓄水构造模式,进一步丰富了蓄水构造理论,分析总结了不同含水岩组分布区风化裂隙水、溶蚀裂隙孔隙水、层间裂隙水、构造裂隙水、古河道孔隙水5种缺水区找水方向。蓄水构造模式和找水方向经实践证明,在严重缺水的红层分布区可以快速确定找水靶区,找水成效显著。 相似文献
7.
Water resources play an important role in supporting the economic and social development of China. The impact of climate change on water resources has become a bottleneck in this process, especially for major projects, with surface water and groundwater systems experiencing considerable impacts. The annual natural recharge of fresh groundwater is 8 840×10~8 m~3, which accounts for approximately 31% of the water resources. Groundwater is the most significant water source for many cities and energy bases, and it is also the main source acting as a buffer against extreme climate events caused by climate change. However, most of the groundwater in China buried deeply and unevenly, which increases the difficulty of investigating and exploiting this resource.This paper illustrates the general conditions of China water resources and hydrogeological hazards, such as karst sinkholes, surface subsidence, and soil salinization, caused by climate change, El Nino, La Nina, other climate events and human activities and presents the regulatory measures enacted to mitigate these issues in China.The China Geological Survey(CGS) has organized professional teams to investigate and evaluate groundwater resources and the environment since 1999. Based on these investigations, the total quantity, expected exploitable quantity and current exploited quantity of groundwater in whole China have been evaluated. In addition, an evaluation of the groundwater pollution caused by climate change throughout China and key areas has been conducted. At present, the CGS is conducting national groundwater monitoring projects and establishing regional engineering and technical measures for water resource exploitation and utilization. 相似文献
8.
矿区水文地质研究进展及中长期发展方向 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
矿区水资源保护和矿山防治水这两个互相矛盾又紧密联系的问题给传统的矿山水文地质学带来了更多的挑战和机遇,迫切需要新理论、新技术的发展。为了更好的实现矿区未来地下水资源的开采、利用与保护以及采煤安全和区域水资源可持续利用,本文选择长治盆地为重点研究区,从采动引起的覆岩移动入手,在资料分析的基础上,采用相似材料模拟、综合物探、野外监测、现场注(压)水试验的方法,运用水文地质学原理研究了采煤引起含水层结构变异厚度及其渗透性变化特征;在此基础上,以长治盆地集中开采区水文地质条件和野外监测数据为基础,建立了区域地下水流场三维动态模拟试验台,为研究含水层结构变异后的地下水循环机理和水资源重新分布提供技术支撑;本文同时指出了我国矿山水文地质研究目前存在的问题和面临的挑战,分析了矿山水文地质学科的发展趋势,展望了未来相关分支学科和关键核心技术的发展方向与前景。 相似文献
9.
SUN Dong LIU Xin-ze YANG Hai-jun CAO Nan ZHANG Zhi-peng CHEN Yin-song LI Da-meng 《地下水科学与工程》2019,7(3):195-213
Studying the influence of shale gas exploration and development on groundwater environment is the basis of guiding water environment protection in the process of shale gas exploration and development.Groundwater environmental pollution is concealed,complex and persistent.Once it is difficult to control the pollution,the current commercial shale gas development zones in Sichuan Basin that are mostly located in karst areas and highly sensitive to groundwater will be vulnerable to the impact of shale gas exploration and development.Based on the hydrogeological conditions of shale gas exploration and development area and combined with engineering analysis of exploration and development,various risk pathways that may affect the groundwater environment during process of shale gas exploration,mining well construction,mining operations and other stages were identified in this paper.Some existing risk pathways were proved by verification of typical areas and should not be ignored.Based on the actual situation of typical areas,the countermeasures of groundwater environmental protection in the process of shale gas exploration and development in karst areas were discussed.It is believed that the groundwater environment can be better protected by strengthening administration,research and application of new technologies,precise design,hydrogeological conditions,and research and feedback of groundwater environmental protection. 相似文献
10.
李文鹏 《水文地质工程地质》2019,(2):1-1
地质灾害隐患和水文地质环境地质调查是自然资源部中国地质调查局九大计划之一,是一项基础性、公益性的地质调查,按调查监测内容不同在全国部署了重要活动构造与区域工程地质调查工程、山地丘陵区地质灾害调查工程、生态脆弱区和特困区水文地质环境地质调查工程、岩溶地区水文地质环境地质综合调查工程、主要含水层水质综合调查工程以及国家地下水监测工程等6个工程。文章简要介绍了该计划自2016年实施以来,各工程在解决基础地质与资源环境问题、服务国家需求、科学理论创新与技术方法等方面取得的进展与成果。 相似文献
11.
长江中游城市群承东启西、连接南北,在我国经济均衡发展、和谐发展中占有重要地位,咸宁地区矿泉水资源的发现,将助力绿色经济发展。咸宁汀泗桥幅数据依托中国地质调查局"武汉都市圈京广高铁沿线汀泗桥幅地质环境综合调查"项目,在充分收集地质、遥感、物探及水文地质等资料基础上,开展汀泗桥幅1：50 000水文地质调查。本数据集包含钻孔基本信息（12个钻孔）、钻孔地层描述信息（12个钻孔）、机民井点调查结果（77个机民井）、泉点调查结果（46个泉点）、地下水动态监测信息（2处）、无机水样测试结果（61件）和有机水样测试结果（9件）,数据量约为4.77 MB。数据集充分反映了1：50 000水文地质调查中典型水文地质现象、灰岩地层的岩溶发育特点及岩溶地下水的水化学特征。通过水化学分析,在咸宁市汀泗桥镇白羊畈-赤壁官塘驿镇大贵畈-中伙铺镇一线发现富锶型饮用天然矿泉水,赤壁中伙铺琅桥一带为富锶、富锌复合型饮用天然矿泉水,对该区的矿泉水资源勘查具有重要参考意义。实施探采结合井,服务地方用水需求。 相似文献
12.
SUN Dong LIU Xin-ze YANG Hai-jun CAO Nan ZHANG Zhi-peng CHEN Yin-song LI Da-meng 《地下水科学与工程》2014,7(3):195-213
Studying the influence of shale gas exploration and development on groundwater environment is the basis of guiding water environment protection in the process of shale gas exploration and development. Groundwater environmental pollution is concealed, complex and persistent. Once it is difficult to control the pollution, the current commercial shale gas development zones in Sichuan Basin that are mostly located in karst areas and highly sensitive to groundwater will be vulnerable to the impact of shale gas exploration and development. Based on the hydrogeological conditions of shale gas exploration and development area and combined with engineering analysis of exploration and development, various risk pathways that may affect the groundwater environment during process of shale gas exploration, mining well construction, mining operations and other stages were identified in this paper. Some existing risk pathways were proved by verification of typical areas and should not be ignored. Based on the actual situation of typical areas, the countermeasures of groundwater environmental protection in the process of shale gas exploration and development in karst areas were discussed. It is believed that the ground-water environment can be better protected by strengthening administration, research and application of new technologies, precise design, hydrogeological conditions, and research and feedback of groundwater environmental protection. 相似文献
13.
Under the organization of China Geological Survey, relevant departments have made industry specifications and technical requirements based on hydrogeological survey data collection at the scale of 1:50 000. Among them, groundwater resource map is a must. According to nationally unified technical requirements of mapping groundwater resources put forward in 2018, this paper mainly interprets relevant principles, content, methods, diagrams as well as legend, and further to point out future directions: Higher precision will equal to higher demand of application, so that is there any more effective way to further interpret application aspect rather than only rules? 相似文献
14.
鄂西岗地1：50 000水文地质图数据集是在董市幅实施水文地质测绘、地球物理勘探、遥感地质解译、水文地质钻探、水样品采集测试及地下水位监测与统测等工作基础上完成原始数据采集,综合前期收集资料的整理分析与最新采集数据集成编制而成。原始数据采集主要包括遥感地质解译面积450 km2,机（民）调查点226个,地质调查点125个,环境地质调查点16个,水文地质钻探孔12眼,工程地质钻探孔8眼,水样品（全分析、同位素及有机污染样）合计采集80组,丰、枯水期地下水位统测各40点次,以及机（民）井监测12点位（一个水文年监测）等,数据采集严格遵守《水文地质调查规范》（DZ/T 0282-2015）《水文水井地质钻探规程》（DZ/T 0148-2014）等规范与技术要求组织实施,保证数据的准确可靠。数据集采用MapGIS 6.7平台辅助制图,坐标系为1984年西安坐标系,投影方式为高斯-克吕格投影（6度带）。水文地质图编制是以地下水系统理论为指导,充分展现关键水文地质信息与地下水资源现状条件,为区域地下水资源开发利用远景规划与有效保护提供直接依据,能够促进长江中游生态文明建设与长江中游经济带快速发展。 相似文献
15.
贵州镇宁地区地下水中硫酸盐超标是典型的环境地质问题之一,而该区地下水中硫酸盐超标主要来自于三叠系中统关岭组(T2g)含水岩组。采集水样分析发现该含水岩组中地下水的硫酸盐含量达到了275.42~1 100 mg?L-1,为Ⅳ-Ⅴ类水。运用地下水中硫同位素追踪,其硫酸盐主要来源于石膏溶解,并通过实施“探采结合井”（ZK3）,初步查明 “膏岩层”分布于三叠系中统关岭组一段下亚段(T2g1a)的中下部,厚度在1～1.5 m。而分层抽水试验显示:T2g含水岩组试段水质为Ⅴ类,降深在11.50 m时涌水量为256.61 m3?d-1;当揭穿T2g膏岩层含水层并进行封隔止水后,钻孔自流量为330.05 m3?d-1,降深在10.80 m时钻孔涌水量达628.84 m3?d-1,水质属Ⅲ类水。因此,在类似因水质超标而引起的功能性缺水地区,可越过膏岩层而获取深层安全的可饮用的地下水。 相似文献
16.
在缺水地区开展找水水文地质勘查工作,如何提高成井供水效率,科学的找水方法至关重要。笔者介绍近10年来在我国西部地区300多个缺水村镇找水水文地质勘查实践中,总结出＂逐步逼近式＂找水方法。主要包括利用前人调查成果通过预研究确定找水方向、应用遥感解译方法圈定找水靶区、辅以简易快速物探方法的中比例尺地面调查确定富水地段、详细地面调查与物探组合技术结合优化确定钻探孔位、不同含水层选择相应钻探方法和成井工艺5个步骤。以及针对不同找水区在遥感数据源选择、简易快速物探方法应用与多方法有效组合探测的技术要点。 相似文献
17.
Raymond A. Duraiswami Vrishali Dumale Usha Shetty 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,73(5):621-638
Runoff has increased many fold in urban areas due to increase in paved areas, training of streams and construction of storm
water drains. The recharge is therefore continuously decreasing; resulting in depleting groundwater reserves beneath large
cities, especially those situated on water divides. In order to reduce surface runoff and replenish groundwater many advocate
artificial recharge through rainwater harvesting. Conventionally, detailed hydrogeological survey is needed by expert hydrogeologists
to suggest suitable sites for rooftop rainwater harvesting and storage in the subsurface aquifers. Pune, a rapidly growing
city, is under severe stress due to shortage of water in some areas. An effort has been made in this study to identify areas
suitable for rooftop rainwater harvesting by integrating traditional hydrogeological survey data with the help of Remote Sensing
and Geographic Information System. This endeavour has led to develop a program called SLUGGER-DQL which helps to identify
potential sites for rooftop rainwater harvesting and artificial recharge. The program is open ended and several other factors
controlling potential recharge can be easily added on. Based on the results of the present study, potential sites for rainwater
harvesting and artificial recharge have been identified in the Pune University-Shivajinagar-Kothrud area. The present paper
demonstrates the utility of traditional hydrogeological surveys combined with modern techniques in solving problems related
to urban hydrogeology and town planning. 相似文献
18.
Primary study on evaluation index system for groundwater exploitation potentiality based on the niche theories 
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下载免费PDF全文 This paper presents a method combining single-indicator comprehensive evaluation and influence factor identification to measure groundwater quality. This method not only reflects groundwater quality classification with clear physical significance, but also divides the possibilities of man-made pollution in regional groundwater. The paper selects 6 063 representative groundwater wells in the North China Plain to evaluate 49 groundwater inorganic and organic index and comes to a conclusion: Controlled by geological environment and hydrogeological conditions, the groundwater quality in the North China Plain deteriorates from the bottom of maintain to coastal area, with Class I to III groundwater decreasing from 49% to 3.9% while Class V groundwater increasing from 21% to 86.9%; the quality of deep groundwater is better than that of shallow groundwater; the contribution rate of manganese, total hardness, total dissolved solids and iodide in shallow groundwater to over-III type water exceeds 50%; the contribution rate of nitrite in pollution index reaches 20%; while heavy metal and organic indexes have limited impact on regional groundwater quality. The North China Plain is an important economic area in China. Over decades, it has witnessed intense human activities, and water resource quantity demanded has been far greater than quantity supplied. Due to scarce surface water resource, groundwater becomes the pillar supporting regional economic development. This has led to increasing groundwater exploitation and development. According to statistics, the exploitation degree of shallow groundwater reaches 105% in the North China Plain and 118% in the Hebei Plain; the exploitation degree of deep groundwater reaches 143% in the North China Plain and 163% in the Hebei Plain. The serious over-exploitation of groundwater brings various geological environmental problems, with the worsening of groundwater quality being a typical one. Besides impact brought by human activities, the poor quality of natural water in the North China Plain is also an important factor. Therefore, to understand the current regional groundwater quality situation and to master influence factors and influence degree can provide reliable scientific protection for regional economic development. 相似文献
19.
本数据集选取山东莱芜市幅1：50 000地形图空间数据库、莱芜市幅1：50 000地质图部分数据作为底图,采用本次水文地质调查取得的最新数据编制而成。除水文地质图外,数据集还包括机（民）井、泉、钻孔、水质分析及水量计算等数据表,主要分类及数据量为机（民）井209个、泉14个、水库13个、长期监测点13处（监测数据936点次）、地下水水位及水量统测100点次、环境地质点6个、样品采集（全分析、同位素及岩石）90组等。本数据集主要使用MapGIS 6.7平台辅助制图,数据量约169 MB,坐标系为CGCS 2000国家大地坐标系,投影方式为高斯-克吕格投影（6度带）。数据集不仅用二维方式标注了关键水文地质信息,还在主图及部分镶图引入三维地势表达方式。 相似文献
20.
Assessment of the groundwater potential and quality in Bhatsa and Kalu river basins of Thane district, western Deccan Volcanic Province of India 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Scarcity of groundwater necessitates the present study to evaluate groundwater potential and quality for designing suitable
water management plans in the Bhatsa and Kalu river basins in the Thane district in the western Deccan volcanic province of
India. A Geographical Information System platform is used to integrate and spatially analyse multiparametric data comprised
of satellite, topographical, geological and hydrogeological information to generate several thematic maps, including groundwater
potential zonation map. This study reveals that 70% of the area has medium to low groundwater potential, while only 10% has
high potential. The static and dynamic groundwater potentials are estimated to be 10.7 and 4.8% of the annual rainfall. The
groundwater quality in terms of hardness, total dissolved solids, salinity and chloride is suitable for domestic and irrigational
purposes. A database is developed for sustainable water management program for the region and areas where suitable water conservation
techniques need to be adopted are identified. 相似文献